Upload
internet
View
109
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The state of ecosystems in Portugal:
Results from the Portugal Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment
Henrique Miguel PereiraCentro de Biologia Ambiental
Universidade de Lisboa
EEA, Copenhaga, 12 Out 2010
The Portugal Sub-Global Assessment
Lead by the Center for Environmental Biology (University of Lisbon)
Assessment team composed by 60 scientists from diverse fields: ecology, agricultural science, forest science, economics and social sciences.
Designed to answer the information needs of a group of users
Governmental agencies
Private sector: agriculture and forestry
Civil society: environmental NGO
2003 2004 2005 2009
Ecosystems and case studies
How have Portugal´s ecosystems changed?
In the last 50 years: The economy increased more than 6 times The number of farmers decreased by 60%
and the farmed area decreased by 40% There was forest and agriculture
intensification Rivers underwent major changes due to the
construction of dams and to water pollution The expansion of invasive species
increased in island systems The pressure on coastal systems increased The level of over-fishing and over-hunting
was maintained or increased
Inland waters
Unsuitable areas for farming
Unfarmed areas
Farmland
Forest
What is the condition of biodiversity in Portugal?
In mainland there are more than 3000 vascular plant species, about 400 vertebrate species, and an unknown number of invertebrate species
In Azores and Madeira there are more than 1700 endemisms
30% of terrestrial vertebrates and 70% of freswhater and migratory fish are threatened
Semi-natural forest
Scrubland
Agriculture and forest plantations
What is the state of ecosystem services?What options are available to address problems?
Water provisioning The levels of water provisioning of
Portugal´s ecosystems are sufficient to respond to water demand
The market value of water supply is 2 billion € / year
Water cycle and water quality regulation 40% of the suface waters are in a poor
or very poor state Response options
Greater control of pollution from farming and animal production
Restoration of wetlands and other freshwater ecosystems
Integrated management of water resources
excellent good acceptable poor very poor
What is the state of ecosystem services?What options are available to address problems?
Food provisioning The national food production has a 30%
deficit relative to internal consumption The agriculture and fisheries sectors
represen 3% and 0.3% of the economy Many of the fish stocks are
overexploited Opções de resposta
Certification and valorization of agricultural products
Adoption of more sustainable fish quotas and fishing techniques
Timber and cork provisioning Portugal produces 54% of world´s cork The forest sector accounts for 10% of
the national exports and employs 228 000 workers
Wildfires, the pine nematode and the decrease of forest product prices are the main problems
Carbon sequestration Forest expansion has favoured carbon
sequestration Cork-oak forest captures up to 5 t
CO2/ha/year and pine forest up to 32 t CO2/ha/year
Response options Increase multifunctional oak forests Increase carbon sequestration in
agricultural areas
What is the state of ecosystem services?What options are available to address problems?
Cultural services The demand for rural and natural areas
is growing Willingness to pay of portuguese citizes
to protect the landscape and associated bird fauna reaches 446 €/ha
Hunting tourism generates 21,4 M€/ano There is a degradation of the coastal
landscape due to urbanistic pressure Response options
Payment for ecoystem services to reward good biodiversity managers
Limit construction in the coast
What is the state of ecosystem services?What options are available to address problems?
What are the possible futures?
The problems of the coming decades can only be minimized by a pro-active attituted towards the environment
Assessment team
Alexandra Correia (ISA), Alexandra Nogal (IST), Alexandre Correia (ISA), Alfredo Borba (UA), Américo Mendes (UCP), Ana Paulo (ESAS), Ana Moreira (INIA), Ana Correia (FCUL), António Brito (UM), Carlos Aguiar (IPB), Carlos Carmona Belo (INIA), Carlos Teixeira (IST), Cátia Rosas (CONFAGRI), Cibele Queiroz (FCUL), Cristina Marta (IPB), Eduardo Azevedo (Universidade dos Açores), Elvira Pereira (ISCSP), Emiliana Silva (UA), Eugénio Sequeiro (ESUVG), Francisco Andrade (FCUL), Francisco Fonseca (FCUL), Francisco Dinis (UA), Fuensanta Herrero (CUE), Henrique Cabral (FCUL), Henrique Pereira (FCUL), Humberto Martins (UTAD), Inês Gomes (FCUL), Inocêncio Coelho (INIA), Joana Patrício (UC), João Azevedo (IPB), João Carlos Marques (UC), João Neto (UC), João Santos Pereira (ISA), José Borges (ISA), Luis Ribeiro (IST), Luis Vicente (FCUL), Manuela Magalhães (ISA), Margarida Ferreira (FCUL), Margarida Santos-Reis (FCUL), Maria da Luz Mathias (FCUL), Maria de Fátima Borges (IPIMAR), M. Teresa Ferreira (ISA), Marta Silva Pereira (INIA), Miguel Araújo (MNCN), Nuno Onofre (INIA), Nuno Rodrigues (TerraPrima), Oriana Rodrigues (IST), Orlando Rodrigues (IPB), Patrícia Rodrigues (FCUL), Paulo Borges (UA), Ricardo Teixeira (IST), Rosalina Gabriel (UA), Rui Mota (IST), Rui Rebelo (FCUL), Rute Pinto (UC), Tatiana Valada (IST), Tiago Domingos (IST), Vânia Proença (FCUL)
http://ecossistemas.org