The Start of the Civil The Start of the Civil WarWar

Chapter 12Chapter 12

11stst Bull Run (Manassas) Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, 1861July 21, 1861

– First major battleFirst major battle of the of the warwar

– General Irvin McDowell General Irvin McDowell (Union) vs. General P.G.T. (Union) vs. General P.G.T. Beauregard and General Beauregard and General Thomas “Stonewall” Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson (Confederacy)Jackson (Confederacy)

Confederate VictoryConfederate Victory– Confederacy forces Union Confederacy forces Union

retreatretreat– Union troops run back to Union troops run back to

WashingtonWashington– Showed both sides that Showed both sides that

the war would not be the war would not be easyeasy

Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses Northern StrengthsNorthern Strengths

– Larger populationLarger population– More railroads and More railroads and

factoriesfactories– Better balanced Better balanced

economyeconomy– More $More $– Existing government, Existing government,

army, and navyarmy, and navy Northern WeaknessesNorthern Weaknesses

– Had to attack to Had to attack to preserve the Unionpreserve the Union

– Less trained leadersLess trained leaders– Not total supportNot total support

Southern StrengthsSouthern Strengths– Better military leadersBetter military leaders– Defensive positionDefensive position– Fighting to preserve Fighting to preserve

their way of lifetheir way of life Southern WeaknessesSouthern Weaknesses

– Smaller populationSmaller population– Economy primarily Economy primarily

based on one cropbased on one crop– Few factories and Few factories and

railroadsrailroads– Large population of Large population of

slavesslaves– New governmentNew government

Union Military StrategiesUnion Military Strategies

The The Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan– Naval BlockadeNaval Blockade

Prevent trade with Prevent trade with EuropeEurope

– Gain control of the Gain control of the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

– Put Put pressure on the pressure on the ConfederacyConfederacy from from all aroundall around

Capture RichmondCapture Richmond– Public wanted a Public wanted a

quick endquick end

Confederate War StrategyConfederate War Strategy President President Jefferson Jefferson

DavisDavis– Hoped to leave in peaceHoped to leave in peace– Defensive warDefensive war

War of AttritionWar of Attrition– Push back Union Push back Union

advances till they give up advances till they give up the fightthe fight

Try to get Try to get foreign alliesforeign allies– South produces 75% of South produces 75% of

world’s cottonworld’s cotton– Try to get Try to get England and England and

FranceFrance to help to help– BackfiredBackfired, Europeans get , Europeans get

cotton from Egypt and cotton from Egypt and IndiaIndia

Tactics and TechnologyTactics and Technology

TacticsTactics– Based on Based on European European

ways of fightingways of fighting– Will slowly change Will slowly change

with the new with the new technologytechnology

TechnologyTechnology– Rifling Rifling

revolutionizes warrevolutionizes war More accurate, More accurate,

longer rangelonger range

– Shells, canistersShells, canisters

Civil War MapCivil War Map