The species of Elasmus from India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)

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The species of Elasmus from India(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea:Eulophidae)Mahesh Verma a , Mohammad Hayat b & S. I. Kazmi ca Department of Zoology , Bareilly College , Bareillyb Department of Zoology , Aligarh Muslim University ,Aligarh , 202002c Desert Regional Station , Zoological Survey of India ,Jodhpur , 342005Published online: 05 Jan 2012.

To cite this article: Mahesh Verma , Mohammad Hayat & S. I. Kazmi (2002) The species ofElasmus from India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), Oriental Insects, 36:1, 245-306,DOI: 10.1080/00305316.2002.10417334

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Oriental Insects, Vol. 36: 245-306, 2002.

THE SPECIES OF ELASMUS FROM INDIA(HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: EULOPHIDAE)

MAHESH VERMA, MOHAMMAD HAYATI & S. 1. KAZMJ2

Department of Zoology, Bareilly College, Bareilly.1 Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-2020022Desert Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Jodhpur 342005

ABSTRACT. The Indian species of Elasmus Westwood are treated. At present 47 species [4 species based on males] are recognized from India, although this number is likely tobe reduced when the types of some species are studied. Twelve species are described as new,and four species are recorded for the first time from India. All the known Indian species arelisted, and where types or material determined by us was available, these species are redescribed. A key to the Indian species based on females is given.

Key words: Elasmus, Elasmini, taxonomy, new species, India, Oriental Region.

Introduction

The genus Elasmus Westwood till recently was placed in its own family,Elasmidae, but some authors (Burks, 1965, 1971; Riek, 1967) have placed itin a subfamily, Elasminae, of the family Eulophidae. Gauthier et al. (2000)have provided enough reasons for treating elasmids as a tribe of Eulophinae(Eulophidae).

The species of Elasmus are mainly primary parasitoids of the larvae andprepupae of various Lepidoptera, though a few species are hyperparasitoidsof cocooned prepupae of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (see Verma & Hayat, 1986; Coote, 1997). The genus is very 'speciose', containing nearly 215species described from various parts of the world.

The genus contains 30 species from India. In the present paper some earlier described species are recorded and/or redescribed based on study of relevant types or determined material. We also describe12 species as new, andrecord 4 species from India for the first time. A key to the Indian species isalso given.

The present paper forms part of a Ph.D. thesis (1980) of the first author(M. Verma). As the original work was quite 'dated', it was thoroughly revisedwith significant inputs made by the third author (S.L Kazmi). A large number of specimens of Elasmus collected after 1980 are also included in the present paper.

The following abbreviations are used in the text: Fl-3 - First, second andthird funicle segments; OOL - Distance between a posterior ocellus and theeye margin; POL - Distance between the two posterior ocelli; OCL - Distancebetween a posterior ocellus and the occipital margin; OAL - Distance between

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246 Oriental Insects Vol. 36

a posterior ocellus and the anterior ocellus; TI-VII - Gastral terga 1-7;BMNH - The Natural History Museum, London; DRS - ZSI -Desert RegionalStation, Zoological Survey ofIndia, Jodhpur; FRI - National Insect ReferenceCollection, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun; QMB - Queensland Museum, Brisbane; USNM - The U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.;ZDAMU - Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

Note: The authors for the new species described in this paper areM. Verma and M. Hayat.

Genus Elasmus WestwoodElasmus Westwood, 1833: 343. Type species Eulophus flabellatus Fonscolombe, by

monotypy.Aneure Nees, 1834: 194. Type species Aneure nuda Nees, designated by Gahan & Fagan,

1923: 12. Synonymy by Westwood, 1839: 74.Heptocondyla Rondani, 1877: 182. Type species Heptocondyla unicolor Rondani, by

monotypy. Synonymy by Boucek, 1974: 252, 279.Cyclopleura Cameron, 1913: 96. Type species Cyclopleura fumipennis Cameron (= El

asmus cameroni Verma & Hayat) , designated by Gahan & Fagan 1923: 41. Synonymy by Waterston, in Mahdihasan, 1925.

Austelasmus Riek, 1967: 148. Type species Elasmus trifasciatioeruris Girault, by original designation. Synonymy by Burks, in Krombein et al., 1979: 1020.

Other citations. Ferriere, 1929b: 411-423, Asian and African species, key.Ferriere, 1947: 565-580, European species, key. Burks, 1965: 201-208, Nearctic species, key. Riek, 1967: 146~199, Australian species, mainly Giraulttypes, key. Graham 1995: 1-23, European species, key.

Diagnosis. Female. Antenna 8-segmented (1, 1, 3, 3), with two anelli ofwhich the second anellus is larger; head with frontovertex convexly rounded;pronotum triangular; mesoscutum long, with notaular lines indicated inabout anterior half; axillae short, slightly produced anteriorly and the twoaxillae connected by a bridge; scutellum with two pair of stout bristles;metanotum with a triangular lamella medially projecting over the mediallyenlarged propodeum; propodeum postero-laterally emarginate for reception ofthe enlarged hind coxae; fore wing long, with marginal vein elongate, andstigmal vein short; legs with 4-segmented tarsi, fore tibial spur straight; hindcoxa enlarged and flattened, disc-shaped; hind tibia with setae arranged inwavy lines or these forming diamond-shaped patterns; gaster elongate, conical, with 7 terga; TI longer than other terga; TVII curves on the sides to continue in antero-ventral direction as the broad outer plates of the ovipositor;cerci movable bearing long bristles; third valvulae free; hypopygium extending at most to about two-thirds length along gaster.

Male. Similar to female except as follows: antenna (Fig. 6) 9-segmented(1, 1, 4, 3), with the first three funicle segments each with a dorsal ramus;clava with the third segment short, conical. Genitalia with one or two denticles at apex of each digitus (Fig. 7,8).

The taxonomy of the males of Elasmus is difficult, and so far no authorhas provided a key to the males. Ferriere (1947) notes that 'it is useless to try

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to determine a species of which one knows only the males', and Burks (1965)correctly remarked that 'characters for the identification of most of the maleshave not been found'. Since the material available for our study was almostentirely collected by sweeping methods, it has not been possible to associatethe sexes correctly. Therefore, the present study is entirely based on the females.

Review of Indian Literature on Elasmus

The first Indian elasmid, Elasmus anticles, was described by Walker(1846), from two specimens collected in Bombay (now Mumbai). Cameron(1913) described one species (claripennis) from Dehra Dun. He erected thegenus Cyclopleura for this species and for another species, fumipennis [=cameroni Verma & Hayat] which, as will be shown elsewhere in this paper,was erroneously considered as an Indian species. Rohwer (1921) describedtwo species (indicus, nephantidis) from Coimbatore. Mahdihassan (1923)named a species E. colemani as a parasite of the Lac predator, Eublemmaamabilis Moore. Ferriere (1928) in his paper dealing with the Lac parasites,synonymised E. colemani with E. claripennis (Cameron). Ferriere (l929a, b)described two species as new and recorded E. brevicornis Gahan from India.An interval of over 40 years elapsed before a paper dealing with Indian Elasmus was published by Mani & Saraswat (1972) in which they described 15species as new (3 species based on males) and recorded four already knownspecies. They also provided a key to the species dealt by them. Husain &Kudeshia (1984a, b) described four species from India. Verma & Hayat (1985,1986) reviewed the literature on the genus, and catalogued the species fromIndia and the adjacent countries. Mani (1989) in his 'Fauna ofIndia' volumes,dealt with this genus. Apart from these, there are several references pertaining to records of Elasmus species, and on various biological aspects (see citations given under each species).

The following key is based largely on 'colour' characters. This is becausewe have not examined types of several species, and the original descriptionsdo not record some characters that may be useful for species recognition.However, in spite of this drawback, the key should work out well for the Indian species.

In some couplets, more than one species is included because the originaldescriptions do not indicate any differences to separate these species.

Key to the Indian species ofElasmus (females)

1. Hind tibia with bristles arranged in three wavy lines which do not touchone another (Fig.14); mid tibia with three lines of bristles; posteriorpair of scutellar bristles long, reaching up to base of gaster (Fig. 10)................................................................................................................. 2

Hind tibia with bristles arranged in diamond-shaped lozenges (Fig.23);mid tibia with two lines of bristles; posterior pair of scutellar bristlesshort, usually not reaching past middle of propodeurn (Fig. 25) .4

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2. Gaster dark with yellowish spots at base ofTIV; mid and hind coxae darkmetallic in basal halves; F1 about 3x as long as broad ...... 1. hutsoni Ferriere

-- Gaster reddish yellow or orange yellow, with brownish or blackish spots orbands; mid and hind coxae more or less completely dark; F1 not morethan 2.5x as long as broad 3

3. Gaster reddish, with basal half of TI blackish and TIll-VII brownish;scape slightly more than 2x as long as broad, F1 subequal in length topedicel and 1.5x as long as broad; F2 and F3 subequal in length, eachslightly longer than broad (Fig. 9) 2. nigritus, sp. nov.

Gaster orange yellow, with basal half of TI blackish, and from apical halfof TV to apex of gaster brownish; scape 3x as long as broad; F1 about1.33x as long as pedicel and about 2.25x as long as broad; F2 and F3each slightly less than 2x as long as broad (Fig. 15) ....... 3. grimmi Girault

4. Fore wing with a long wedge-shaped bare strip extending from base andwith an isolated subcubital line of setae (Fig. 2) 5

-- Fore wing with only a short irregular bare area at base, and without anisolated sub-cubital line of setae (Fig. 3) 37

5. Mespthoracic dorsum (also prothorax and propodeum) dark brown toblack; occasionally mesoscutum with a whitish or yellowish spot oneach side near tegulae and/or scutellum with a longitudinal yellowishband on each side or with a transverse yellowish band at apex 6

-- Mesothoracic dorsum not completely dark 266. Hind coxa completely dark brown to black, at most with extreme apex

yellowish (Mid coxa largely dark brown to black) 7Hind coxa yellow at least in apical third 19

7. F1 slightly shorter than pedicel and at most slightly longer than broad,F2 and F3 broader than long (Fig. 17) [ Body blackish; gaster completely black or with apices of TI and TIl and occasionally also TIll,and basal four sternites, honey yellow]. 4. brevicornis Gahan

Fl-3 usually elongate, F1 at most subequal in length to pedicel; F3 atmost quadrate, usually longer than broad; if pedicel longer than F1then F2 and F3 at least quadrate, usually clearly longer than broad..8

8. Gaster entirely dark brown to black, at most ventre yellowish 9Gaster not entirely dark, at least with distal half of TI yellow to reddish

yellow 189. Mesoscutum with a yellowish spot on each side near tegulae. [Fl-3 each

at least 2x as long as broad] 10-- Mesoscutum without such spots 1110. Pedicel 1.5xas long as broad (Fig. 19); fore femur brownish in basal half

and yellowish in apical half 5. anticles Walker............................................................ [?] 6. ricinus Husain & Kudeshia

Pedicel over 2x as long as broad; fore femur completely yellow .... .. 7. nephantidis Rohwer

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2002 Verma, Hayat &Kazmi: On Elasmus (Eulophidae) 249

11. Scutellum with a yellowish longitudinal band on each side (Fig. 25) .................................................................................... 8. noyesi, sp, nov.

Scutellum completely dark ,.1212. Hind tibia (also mid tibia) yellow to pale yellow 13

Hind tibia (also mid tibia) brownish, at most with both ends pale 1713. Pedicel longer than F1 which is slightly shorter than F2 .

.... 9. indicoides Mani & Saraswat [?] 10. nigricorpus Husain & KudeshiaPedicel shorter than, or at most as long as F1 14

14. Fore wing with an infuscated streak running obliquely inwards from below stigmal vein; F1 nearly as long as scape and nearly 2x as long aspediceL 11. anamalaianus Mani & Saraswat

Fore wing hyaline or subhyaline, without such a streak; F1 clearlyshorter than scape and at most 1.3x as long as pedicel 15

15. F1 at least about 2x as long as broad (Fig. 29); fore wing about 4x as longas broad. [Gaster completely blackish.] 12. hyblaeae Ferriere........................................................ [?] 13. nigricus Husain & Kudeshia

F 1 about 1.5x as long as broad; fore wing less than 4x as long as broad..1616. F1-3 subequal in length, each about 1.5x as long as broad; clava shorter

than preceding two funicle segments combined .................................................... 14. krishnagiriensis Mani & Saraswat

Funicle segments shorter, F3 slightly longer than broad; clava longerthan preceding two funicle segments combined (Fig. 30) ............................................................... 15 mahabalii Mani & Saraswat

17. Pedicel as long as F1; F1 about 1.5x as long as broad and F3 very slightlylonger than broad (Fig. 32); fore wing broad, only slightly more than3x as long as broad 16. rajasthanicus, sp. nov.

Pedicel shorter than F1; F1-3 relatively longer, F3 1.5x as long as broad(Fig. 38); fore wing at least 3.5x as long as broad .................................... 17. johnstoni Ferriere................................................... [?] 18. valparaianus Mani & Saraswat

18. Pedicel shorter than F1; Fl-3 each slightly more than 2.5x as long asbroad (Fig. 48); gaster with apical half of TI and basal half or so of TIlyellowish (Fig. 50) 19. indicus Rohwer

Pedicel as long as F1; F1-3 each about 2x or slightly less, as long as broad(Fig. 42); gaster with only apical half of TI more or less yellowish toreddish yellow 20. homonae Ferriere

19. Mesoscutum with a yellowish spot on each side near tegulae ......................................................................... 21. punctulatus, sp. nov.

Mesoscutum completely dark, without such yellow spots 2020. Gaster dark above, at most with transverse dusky to yellow stripes 21

Gaster reddish, orange, or honey yellow, at most with dark spots orbands, but apical two terga more or less completely dark 24

21. Fore wing with dark brownish infuscation in apical half ................................................................. [44. cameroni Verma & Hayat]

Fore wing hyaline or subhyaline 22

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22. Pedicel short, about 0.5x of Fl which is 3x as long as broad (Fig. 59);gaster with dusky yellowish transverse stripes on posterior marginsofTI-IlI (Fig. 60) 22. claripennis (Cameron)

Pedicel only slightly shorter than Fl which is at most 2.5x as long asbroad; gaster colour different 23

23. Hind femur yellowish with blackish margins (Fig. 58); mid coxa and femur largely yellow (Fig. 57); gaster with narrow, dusky yellow stripesat apices ofTI-IV 23. viridiscutellatus, sp. nov.

Mid and hind coxae in basal half, and mid and hind femora in apical half,dark brown to black; gaster with bases of TIl-IV with yellowish bands

............................................. 24. kollimalaianus Mani & Saraswat24. Head with face below mid-level of eyes (Fig. 61), a small spot on each side

of occiput behind eyes, a spot on each side of pronotal collar, and alongitudinal band on each side of scutellum (Fig. 63), yellowishwhite 25. alami, sp. nov.

Either head entirely blackish, or if yellowish below mid-level of eyes thenpronotum and scutellum dark 25

25. Pedicel about 2x as long as broad and only slightly shorter than Fl; Flabout 2.5x as long as broad (Fig.66); gaster with TI about 3x as longas TIl; head entirely blackish 26. zehntneri Ferriere......................................... [?] 27. mahabaleswarensis Mani & Saraswat

Pedicel about 1.5x as long as broad and distinctly shorter than Fl; Flabout 2x as long as broad; gaster with TI slightly longer than TIl;head brownish-yellow below lower level of eyes, otherwise blackish............................................................ 28. munnarus Mani & Saraswat

26. Either mesoscutum (save axillae) or scutellum not entirely yellow 27Mesoscutum (save axillae) and scutellum entirely yellow 32

27. Mesoscutum nearly black, with an orange-yellow transverse band in posterior third (Fig.70). [Gaster dark brown with distal half of TI, TIl-TIV and partly TV orange yellow] 29. pulchellus, sp. nov.

Mesoscutum more or less yellow, or yellow with brownish spots or with atransverse blackish band posteriorly 28

28. Mesoscutum yellowish-brown with a blackish transverse band posteriorly. [FI-3 each about 3x as long as broad, and each about 1.5x aslong as pedicel; gaster yellowish-brown with base of TI and apicalfourth, blackish] 30. khandalus Mani & Saraswat

Mesoscutum not as above 2929. Scutellum entirely blackish. [Mesoscutum with a large brownish spot on

each side ofnotaular lines (Fig. 73); tegulae yellowish]. ......................................................................... 31. longicornis, sp. nov.

Scutellum blackish with sides and apex yellowish 3030. Antenna slender, elongate; scape about equal in length to Fl; pedicel

about half of Fl; FI-3 each at least 3x as long as broad (Fig. 75);gaster orange-yellow with basal half of TI and largely TV! dark, TIl-Vmainly orange, but occasionally with brownish spots or bands ....................................................................... 32. longiventris, sp. nov.

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-- Antenna shorter; scape distinctly (not less than 1.5x) longer than Fl;pedicel slightly shorter than Fl; FI-3 each at most 2.5x as long asbroad; gaster orange-yellow, occasionally with two dark brownishspots on sides at base of TI, and spots on other terga sometimes pre-sent 31

31. Scape as long as following two segments combined; Fl slightly shorterthan F2 (Fig. 76); gaster with a median large brown spot on TIl andTIll, and spots on sides of TIll and TIV (Fig. 80) ............................................................................ 33. albopictus Crawford

Scape shorter than following two segments combined; Fllonger than F2(Fig.81); gaster without lateral spots on TIll and TIV, but occasionally with a brownish area on TVI .... 34. binocellatus Mani & Saraswat

32. Mid coxa more or less blackish in basal half (Fig. 84) .................................................................35. punensis Mani & Saraswat

-- Mid coxa wholly or almost wholly yellow 3333. Fl slightly longer than pedicel. [Spots on sides of TI-V and whole of TVI

and TVII, blackish] 36. lutens Crawford-- Fl at least about 1.5x as long as pediceL 3434. Gaster with TI yellow or at most with brownish spots on each side near

base 37. {lavocorpus Husain & KudeshiaGaster with TI with a blackish transverse band in basal half or so (Fig.

89) 3535. Gaster, except for the blackish band in basal half of TI, orange-yellow to

honey-yellow (Figs. 89, 90) 38. queenslandicus GiraultGaster, apart from basal half of TI, with some terga with blackish spots

or bands 3636. Gaster with TVI largely blackish, TVII yellow (Fig. 95); scape 3.5x as long

as broad (Fig. 91) ovipositor with exserted part about one-ninth ofgaster 39. {lavescens, sp. nov.

Gaster with TIV-VII blackish; scape 4.5x as long as broad (Fig. 96); ovi-positor with exserted part one-twelfth of gaster .......................................................................... 40. cavicolous, sp. nov.

37. Head and thorax largely yellow, with dark brown to blackish parts; [Forewing hyaline; gaster honey-yellow with TVI and TVII blackish (Fig.100); antenna as in Fig. 99] .41. fulvicornis, sp. nov.

Head and thorax almost completely blackish; legs with coxae and femoradark brown to nearly black. 38

38. Scutellum and gaster completely dark brown to black; fore wing with aninfuscate streak running obliquely inwards from stigmal vein .................................................. [?] 42. dalhousieanus Mani & Saraswat

Scutellum with a transverse yellowish-white band at apex (Fig. 46);gaster largely honey-yellow, with lateral spots on TI-IV, and TVI andTVII completely dark (Fig. 47); fore wing hyaline ............................................................................... 43. ceylonicus Ferriere

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1. Elasmus hutsoni Ferriere

Elasmus hutsani Ferriere, 1929b: 412, ~. Lectotype ~, Sri Lanka, Pelmadulla (BMNH),examined.

Austelasmus hutsani (Ferriere): Riek, 1967: 148.

Other citations: Ayyar & Margabandhu, 1934: 195. Mani, 1938: 109, catalogue. Pruthi & Mani, 1940: 21. Usman & Puttarudriaiah, 1955: 136, Bangalore record, host. Verma & Hayat, 1986: 175, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1201 1202, Sri Lanka, redescription.

Lectotype female was selected by Dr. J.S. Noyes (BMNH). The authorstake this opportunity to validate the lectotype designation. The lectotype hasthe mandibles, gaster and all legs of right side beyond coxae missing. Lefthind leg detached beyond coxa and is attached to the mesopleuran by someadhesive. However, the available parts agree with the description given byFerriere (1929b) except as noted below. We give here some additional characters, which would help in recognizing the species.

Female: Fore coxae at basal third or so dark brownish. Head dorsumshrunken, hence not possible to measure accurately, in frontal view appearing slightly broader than long (41:40) with the facial impression inverted 'U'shaped; antennal toruli almost oval, removed from mouth margin by abouttwice the major diameter of torulus and their lower margin in line with lowereye margins. Antennal scape longer than F1, Fl-3 elongated, each about 3Xas long as broad. Pronotum 2.66X as broad as long (32 : 12); mesoscutumslightly broader than long (44: 43); scutellum slightly broader than long(23:22). Fore wing about 5.5X as long as broad (150:28); a line of long fine setae running obliquely from base of the wing, below marginal vein. Hind tibiawith two parallel lines of setae on dorsal side.

Male: Unknown.

Hosts: 'Bagworm' (Psyche albipes, Tea Bagworm, in Sri Lanka).

Distribution: India: Karnataka. (Sri Lanka).

Specimen examined: Type specimen: Lectotype ¥, CEYLON (= SRILANKA), Pelmadulla, 20.iii.1918, J.C.Hutson No. 4347 B, ex cases of teabagworm, Psyche albipes, Ch. Ferriere det., B.M. Type No. HYM - 5.1181(BMNH).

Comments: This species is included here on the basis of its record fromBangalore by Usman & Puttarudraiah (1955).

2. Elasmus nigritus, sp. nov. (Figs. 9 - 14)

Description: Female: Length, 1.12 mm Head and thorax blackish withbluish green shine; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline, at base yellowish; gaster mostly reddish except a blackish transverse band with bluishshine at basal half of TI, TIll - TVII brownish; third valvulae dark brown toalmost blackish. Antennal radicle and scape yellowish; flagellum brownish.Wings hyaline. Fore leg yellowish except dorsal margin narrowly at base of

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femora brownish; middle and hind coxae and femora dark brown, tibiae andtarsi yellowish (Figs. 12-14).

Frontovertex with small setigerous punctures, more or less regularly arranged; pronotum and mesoscutum with fine setigerous punctures and withscaly microsculpture; scutullum finely reticulate; propodeum almost smooth.Head with small brownish setae; interscrobal area and malar space sparselysetose; eyes glabrous; pronotum and mesoscutum with dense shiny brown setae;

Head width: frontovertex width, 22:14; head dorsum slightly more thantwice as broad as long (22:10); frontovertex about 1.33X as broad as medianlength (14: 10), POL: OOL:OCL, 7:4: 2; malar space less than half eye length(8:18); head, in frontal view, appears slightly broader than long; facial impression inverted 'V'- shaped; antennal toruli small, their lower margin almost in line with lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 9.

Pronotum about 2.3X as broad as long (38:16) and half the length ofmesoscutum (16:32); mesoscutum slightly less than 1.5X as broad as long(44:32); scutellum a little longer than broad (24:20) (Fig. 10). Fore wingabout 4.0X as long as broad (152:40), venation as Fig.ll; hind wing 5.0X aslong as broad (140:28).

Gaster distinctly shorter than head and thorax combined (84:132); ovi-positor shortly exserted, the exserted part one-seventh of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu.

Holotype: «, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 25.ix - Lx. 1979 (J. S.Noyes) (BMNH). Paratype: 1 ¥, Kerala, Periyar Sanctuary, 5-15.x.1979 (J. S.Noyes) (BMNH).

Comments: E. nigritus, sp. nov. differs from trifasciativentris Girault inhaving TI and T III- VII of gaster brownish; completely pale fore femur; pedicle almost as long as Fl and funicle segment less than 2X as long as broad(see Riek, 1967).

3. Elasmus grimmi Girault (Figs. 15, 16)

Elasmus grimmi Girault, 1920: 186, <;J. Holotype <;J, Australia: Locality not given (QMB).Austelasmus grimmi (Girault): Riek, 1967: 148.

Redescription: Female: Length 1.75 mm. Body blackish with greenishshine on head and thoracic dorsum, more intense on propodeum; tegulae violet; posterior extention of metanotum hyaline with a basal yellowish spot;gaster orange yellow except a transverse blackish band with bright greenishshine at basal half of TI, a transverse brownish stripe at apex of TV, TVI andTVII brownish; third valvulae brownish. Antennal radicle and scape yellowish; flagellum dark brown covered with dense brownish setae. Wings hyaline.

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Legs: fore leg yellowish except brownish at base of coxa; middle and hindcoxae and femora blackish with greenish shine; all tibiae and tarsi yellowish.

Frontovertex with small setigerous punctures; thoracic dorsum with finemicrosculpture; scutellum so finely reticulate as to appear almost smooth;propodeum smooth; frontovertex with scattered small setae; eyes glabrous;setae on posterior border of mesoscutum long, reaching upto one third lengthof scutellum.

Head dorsum slightly more than twice as broad as long (32:14); frontovertex slightly less than 1.33X of median length (18:14). POL:OOL, 7:4; malarspace slightly less than half the eye length (5:12); head, in frontal aspect,slightly broader than long (32: 28) with the facial impression deep, reachingalmost upto the middle of head, inverted 'D'- shaped with rounded sides; antennal toruli small, almost rounded, removed from mouth margin by abouttwice the diameter of a torulus and their lower margins in line with lower eyemargins. Antenna as in Fig. 15

Pronotum slightly more than twice as broad as long (26:12) and abouthalf the length of mesoscutum; mesoscutum about 1.33X as broad as medianlength (32:24); scutellum slightly broader than long (16:14); posterior scutellar bristles long, reaching upto base of gaster. Fore wing 4.66X as long asbroad (112:24), entirely ciliate, except at base below; hind wing about 5.0X aslong as broad. Hind tibia as in Fig. 16.

Gaster much produced apically, subequal in length to head and thoraxcombined (68:64); ovipositor exserted at apex, the exserted part about onefourth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India (new record): Tamil Nadu. (Australia)

Specimen examined: Non-type specimen: INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 1 9, 25.ix-1.x.1979 (J.S.Noyes) (BMNH).

Comments: E. grimmi Girault is related to trifasciativentris Girault fromwhich it differs in the colour offore legs as already noted by Riek (1967).

4. Elasmus brevicornis Gahan (Figs. 17, 18)

Elasmus brevicornis Gahan, 1922: 50, Cfl, (S. Holotype Cfl, Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg(USNM) .

Other citations: Ferriere, 1929b: 413, 9, 0, Dehra Dun; Malaysia; host.Ayyar & Margabandhu, 1934: 195. Mani, 1938: 108, catalogue. Beeson &Chatterjee, 1939: 374, host. Pruthi & Mani, 1940: 21, host. Talgeri & Dalaya,1971: 156 - 158, Maharashtra, host. Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 463 - 464, 9,0,Nilambur, redescription, host. Gujrati et al., 1973: 187, Maharastra, MadhyaPradesh, host. Kapoor et al., 1973: 102 - 105, Madhya Pradesh, host. Chatterjee & Misra, 1974: 54. Banerjee & David, 1982: 334-335, Lucknow, host.

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Shukla & Sandhu, 1983: 135 - 136, Ludhiana, host. Verma & Hayat, 1986:174, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1180 -1181 redescription. Peter & David, 1990:165-169, biology.

Redescription: Female: Length, 1.25 - 1.75 mm. Body dark brown toblack; head, pronotum and mesoscutum with bluish shine; tegula brownish,yellowish at base; posterior extention of metanotum hyaline with a basal yellowish spot; gaster blackish with the venter except at apex, apices of TI andTIl (in some specimens TIll also) somewhat honey yellow; third valvulaedark brown; occasionally colour of gaster dark brown to black. Antennal radicle and scape pallid, flagellum yellowish brown. Wings hyaline , venationyellowish. Legs: coxae of all legs dark brown except yellowish at apex of forecoxa; fore femur with brownish infuscation at base; middle and hind femoradark brown, yellowish at base and tip; all trochanters, tibiae and tarsal segments yellowish.

Frontovertex with large rounded punctures, each about half the diameterof anterior ocellus; mesoscutum with setigerous punctures; scutellum withfine reticulations; propodeum so finely reticulate as to appear almost smooth;coxae and femora of middle and hind legs with very fine striations.

Head dorsum slightly more than twice as broad as long (34:16); frontovertex about one and one-sixth times as broad as median length (19: 16);POL:OOL , 6:4 ; malar space about one third the eye length (5:16); head, infrontal aspect, slightly broader than long (36:34) with facial impression inverted 'V' shaped, rounded above and on sides; antennal toruli oval, removedfrom facial margin by about twice the major diameter of a torulus and theirlower margins in line with lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 17.

Pronotum twice as broad as long (24:12) and half the length of mesoscutum; mesoscutum slightly broader than long (28:24); scutellum slightlybroader than long (18: 16). Fore wing slightly more than 3.5X as long asbroad (96:26), setation and venation as in Fig. 18; hind wing 5.0X as long asbroad (90:18).

Gaster broad at base, pointed apically, slightly shorter than head andthorax combined (64:68); ovipositor shortly exserted at apex of gaster.

Male: Not studied.

Hosts: Biloba subsecivela; Cnaphalocrocis medinalis; Diaphania indica;Hapalia machaeralis on Tectona grandis ; Lamprosema indicata; Lygropiaquarternalis defoliating Helictares isora; Marasma suspicalis; Nausinoe geometralis. Braconid, Apanteles machaeralis. (Erionota thrax in Java; Psarastultalis and Sylepta derogata, in Malaysia).

Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Goa, Kerala, MadhyaPradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal,Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. (Indonesia; Malaysia).

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 1 ~, 29.ix.1979 (M.Verma), 13 ~, 30.x.1983-17.x.1987 (M.Hayat)

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(ZDAMU). Uttaranchal, Dehra Dun, 1 ¥, 25.xi. 1927, det J.C.M. Gardner; 1¥, 2.i.1929, 1 ¥, 14.xi.1932; 1 ¥ (Thorax damaged, left antenna missing),14.xi.1932, all recorded parasitic on Hapalia machaeralis larvae defoliatingTectona grandis (S. N. Chatterjee) (FRI). Rajasthan, Jaipur, Durgapura Agric. Farm, 4 ¥, (Head of 1 ¥and gaster of 1 ¥ detached from body), l1.x.1975(M.Hayat & party) (No. 4498/3) (DRS). Tamil Nadu, Madras (=Chennai),Nilambur, Elejeri, 1 ¥, 2 a, C No. 70, 20.v.1938; 2 ¥, No. 32, 17. v. 1938,parasitic on Lygropia quaternalis defoliating Helictares isora, 1 ¥, R.R.D.650, 27.vi.1939, ex. Apanteles machaeralis cocoons (S.N. Chatterjee), det. Ferriere (FRI); Villipurum, 2 ¥, 19.ii.1993 (S.B.Zeya & S.I.Kazmi) (ZDAMU).Delhi, 2 ¥, x.1979 (Z. Boucek) (BMNH). West Bengal, Sunderbans, 1 ¥,7.x.1983 (S.S.Islam) (ZDAMU); Andhra Pradesh, Gudur, 1 ¥, 12.ii.1993(S.I.Kazmi). Kerala, Mukkal to Silent Valley, 2 ¥, 30.xii.1988 (M.Hayat).Goa, Vasco-da-Gama, 1 ¥, 22.xii.1988 (M.Hayat). Orissa, Bhubeneshwar, 1 ¥,22.ii.1994 (S.I.Kazmi) (all ZDAMU).

Comments: E. brevicornis is very closely related to E. philippinensisAshmead (1904), and the characters in which it differs from Ashmead's species (larger size and completely blackish hind coxae and femora) cannot berelied upon for distinguishing the two species. However, a definite opinion onthe validity of brevicornis can be given after study of the types of the two species. It also comes very close to nudus (Nees, 1834) and judging from the redescription of the species given by Ferriere (1947, as albipennis) brevicornisappears to be indistinguishable from nudus.

5. Elasmus anticles Walker (Figs. 19 - 23)

Elasmus anticles Walker, 1846: 181, Cfl. Type Cfl, India, Bombay (BMNH).Elasmus albomaculatus Gahan, 1920: 347, Cfl. Holotype Cfl, Philippines, Manila, Luzon

(USNM). Synonymy by Kerrich, 1970: 89-91, host.

Other citations. (As anticles): Ayyar, 1925: 249. Ferriere, 1929b: 416.Mani, 1938: 108, catalogue. Kerrich, 1970: 89-91, taxonomy. Verma & Hayat,1986: 174, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1204, as species incertae sedis.

(As albomaculatus): Ferriere, 1929b: 414, host. Glover, 1937: 108, Namkum, host. Mani, 1938: 107, Dehra Dun, host. Beeson & Chatterjee, 1939:377, host. Glover & Gupta, 1939: 526, host. Glover, 1940: 245, Namkum, host.Pruthi & Mani, 1940: 21, host. Narayanan, 1962: 120. Mani & Saraswat,1972: 460, Dehra Dun. Chatterjee & Misra, 1974: 54, host. Varshney, 1976:68. Mani, 1989: 1169-1170, redescription.

Redescription: Female: Length 1.3 - 2.12 mm. Body blackish with greenish reflections on head, more intense on frontovertex, thoracic dorsum and onside at base of TI of gaster; in smaller specimens, body dark brownish; eyeswhitish; tegula dark brown, at base yellowish; mesoscutum with a yellowishwhite spot on each side near tegula; scutellum black with slight metallicshine; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline except at base yellowish.Mandible dark brown to reddish. Antennal radicle and scape dusky, flagellum yellowish brown with dense brown setae. Wings hyaline. Legs blackish,

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trochanters, apical half of fore femur, apices and middle of hind femur andtibiae of all legs, yellowish (Figs. 21-23).

Head with large, scattered punctures, each slightly more than half thediameter of anterior ocellus; pronotum and mesoscutum scaly; propodeumfinely reticulate; coxae and femora of middle and hind legs finely longitudinally striate: other body parts smooth.

Head dorsum twice as broad as long (32:16): frontovertex width (24)about 1.5X of median length; POL:OOL, 10: 4; malar space slightly less thanhalf as long as eye (7:16); head, in frontal view, slightly broader than long(40:36) with facial impression inverted 'V' - shaped rounded above and onsides; antennal torulus oval, removed from facial margin by about twice themajor diameter of a torulus. Antenna as in Fig. 19.

Pronotum more than 2.0X as broad as long (28:12) and slightly less than0.5X of mesoscutum (12:27); mesoscutum about 1.33X as broad as long(38:27), scutellum slightly broader than long (20:18). Fore wing (Fig. 20)about 3.5X as long as broad (140:40), with 10-11 prominent ventral setae below middle of marginal vein; hind wing about 4.33X as long as broad (116:27).

Gaster broad basally gradually tapering to apex, slightly longer thanhead and thorax combined (86:82); TI about twice as long as TIl; TIl almosthalf as long as TIll, TIV slightly smaller than TV, TVI about a third as longas TVII; posterior margins of TIV and TV slightly concave; ovipositor hardlyexserted.

Male: Not studied.

Hosts: Braconidae: Apanteles malevolus through Hyblaea puera defoliating 'teak'; Bracon sp. and Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. through Epicephalachalybacma; Holcocera pulverea; 'Tinea' sp. (Acrocercops sp. on Caesalpineapulcherrima (L), in Philippines).

Distribution: India: Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh. (philippines; Bangladesh).

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 1 ¥, l.iii.1979 (M.Verma); 1 ¥., 30.x.1983 (M.Hayat) (ZDAMU).Uttaranchal, Dehra Dun, 1 ¥, 19.xi.1927 parasite on Apanteles malevolus,hyperparasite. on Hyblea purea Cr. defoliating Vitex negurulo, det.J.C.M.Gardner; 1 ¥, (Head missing) 19.x.1927, parasitic on Apanteles rnalevolus 1 ¥, 24.x.1927, 2 HN, 293, parasitic on Apanteles malevolus, hyperparasitic on Hyblaea purea larva defoliating Tectona grandis; 2 0'., (Head of1 male missing), 13.xi.1927, parasitic on Apanteles malevolus hyperparasiticon H. purea Cr. defoliating Vitex negurulo, 2 0', 17.xi.1927, host as above(S.N.Chatterjee) (FRI). Madhya Pradesh, Hoshangabad (C.P.) , Phatgoan, 1¥, Il.viii.1926, 277, 2 HN (3), (S.N.Chatterjee) (FRI). Tamil Nadu, 3 km.east of Manjaler Dam, 1 ¥, Walayar Forest, 1 ¥, 26.ix. - l.x.1979 (J.S.Noyes)

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(BMNH). Karnataka, Mudigere, 1 <;2, x.1979 (J.S.Noyes) (BMNH). 1 <;2, 1 (S,(locality not clear), 29.viii.1955 (USNM).

Comments: E. anticles differs from unicolor (Rondani) in having two yellowish spots on mesoscutum near tegulae and hyaline wings with the disc notso densely setose as in unicolor (Boucek, 1974, Fig. 15) . It also differs fromthe Australian species, bellicaput Girault, tenebrosus Riek and funereusRiek in details of leg colour and the presence of yellow spots on mesoscutum(see Riek, 1967).

6. Elasmus ricinus Husain & Kudeshia

Elasmus ricinus Husain & Kudeshia, 1984b: 363 - 365, C;>, Holotype C;>, India, Aligarh(Not found in ZDAMU).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Uttar Pradesh.

Comments: From the original description and the figures given by the authors, this species appears indistinguishable from anticles. However, as wehave not seen the type of this species, no synonymy is introduced here, butthe species is placed along with anticles in the key.

7. Elasmus nephantidis Rohwer

Elasmus nephantidis Rohwer, 1921: 123, c;>. Holotype C;>, India, Coirnbatore (USNM).

Other citations: Ayyar, 1921: 365. Ayyar, 1925: 249. Ramachandra Rao,1926: 452-459, Cochin, host. Ayyar, 1927: 77. Ramachandra Rao & Cherian,1927: 39-49, Chennai, life history. Ferriere, 1929b: 414, <;2, Malaysia. Mani,1938: 109, catalogue. Cherian & Ananthanarayanan, 1939: 541-559. Pruthi &Mani, 1940: 21, host. Nirula et al., 1952: 217-223, host. Nirula, 1956: 174,Chennai, host. Antony & Kurien, 1960: 145-153. Nair, 1964: 77. Chatterjee &Misra, 1974: 55-56, host. George et al., 1977: 27-28, Kerala, host. Pillai &Nayar, 1982: 33-38, biology. Verma & Hayat, 1986: 177, catalogue. Mani,1989: 1178-1180, redescription.

Host: Opisina arnosella (=Nephantis serinopa), on palm.

Distribution: India: Tamil Nadu, Kerala.

8. Elasmus noyesi, sp. nov. (Figs. 24 - 28)

Description: Female: Length, 2.0-2.5 mm. Body blackish with bluishgreen shine, more intense on frontovertex, pronotum, mesoscutum, propodeum and on dorsal side of hind coxae; tegulae violet; occiput on side withsmall yellowish spots near posterior margin of eyes; scutellum dull violet, onsides with yellowish longitudinal narrow bands extending from base upto theorigin of posterior scutellar bristles (Fig. 25); gaster dark above, reddish orreddish brown below in basal fourth or so, apex blackish; third valvulae shinyblack. Antennal radicle dusky; scape pale brown with dark brownish infuscation on dorsal margin; flagellum dark brown to blackish with dense darkbrownish setae. Wings hyaline. Coxae of all legs dark brown to almost black-

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ish except apical half or so of fore coxa, apex of hind coxa, yellowish; forefemora yellowish except obscurely at base on dorsal margin, brownish; middleand hind femora dark brown, at base and apex yellowish; all trochanters, tibiae and tarsi yellowish (Figs. 26-28).

Frontovertex with small regularly arranged setigerous punctures; pronotum and mesoscutum scaly; scutellum with fine reticulations; mesopleurafinely striated; propodeum almost smooth except on sides near spiraclesfinely reticulated; middle and hind coxae and femora with fine longitudinalstriations; frontovertex, pronotum and mesoscutum with silvery setae; setaeon posterior margin of mesoscutum long reaching over middle of scutellum,axillae, eyes, and mesopleura glabrous; interscrobal area and malar spacesparsely setose.

Head dorsum twice as broad as long (36:18); frontovertex about 1.2X asbroad as median length (22:18); POL:OOL, 10:6; malar space less than 0.5Xof eye length (6:14); head, in front view, slightly broader than long (36:34)with the facial impression not very deep, reaching upto the middle of face,rounded above and on sides; antennal toruli oval, removed from the facialmargin by about twice the major diameters of a torulus, and their lower margins in line with the lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 24.

Pronotum slightly more than twice as broad as long (32:14) and slightlyless than half the length of mesoscutum; mesoscutum 1.33X as broad as long(40:30) ; scutellum slightly broader than long (20:18). Fore wing slightly lessthan 4.0X as long as broad (148:38), entirely ciliate, except at base below, anda narrow hairless line below at basal third of blade; there are seven prominent erect backwardly directed, ventral setae, below middle of marginal vein;hind wing slightly more than 5.0X as long as broad (130 :26).

Gaster broad basally and tapering gradually to apex; caudal margin of TVconcave; TI slightly more than twice as long as TIl; TIl - TIV each nearlysubequal in length; TV almost as long as TIll and TIV combined; TVI andTVII subequal in length; ovipositor exserted to about one-sixth the length ofgaster.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Karnataka.

Holotype: ¥, INDIA: Karnataka, Mudigere, 26.x - 4.xi. 1979 (J. S. Noyes)(BMNH). Paratypes: 5 ¥, with same data as for holotype (BMNH).

Comments: This species can be distinguished from almost all the described species of Elasmus by the combination of characters pertaining to thecolour of scutellum and the legs.

This species is named for Dr. J. S. Noyes (BMNH).

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9. Elasmus indicoides Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus indicoides Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 469, ~. Holotype ~, India, Annamalai Hills(USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 175 - 176, catalogue. Mani, 1989:1166 - 1168, redescription.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Tamil Nadu.

10. Elasmus nigricorpus Husain & Kudeshia

Elasmus nigricorpus Husain & Kudeshia, 1984b: 27-28, ~. Holotype ~, India, Aligarh(Not found in ZDAMU).

Host: Apanteles sp. cocoon on Ricinus communis.


Comments: From the original description and the figures given for thisspecies, it is not possible to separate it from indicoides, hence it is placed withthis species in the key.

11. Elasmus anamalaianus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus anamalaianus Mani & Saraswat: 1972: 461- 462, ~. Holotype ~, India, Annamalai Hills (USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 173, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1182 1183, redescription.

Host: Unknown.


12. Elasmus hyblaeae Ferriere (Fig. 29)

Elasmus hyblaeae Ferriere, 1929b: 414, ~. Type ~, India, Arvallica, Nilambur (BMNH).

Other citations: Ayyar & Margabandhu, 1934: 195, host. Mani, 1938: 109,catalogue. Cherian & Basheer, 1940: 77 - 82, South India, host. Chatterjee &Misra, 1974: 55-56, Hoshangabad; Nilambur; Tithimatti. Verma & Hayat,1986: 175, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1202-1203, redescription.

Redescription: Female: Length, 2.05 mm. Body dark brown to almostblackish with bluish shine on frontovertex, mesoscutum, propodeum and baseof gaster; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline, yellowish at base. Antennal radicle yellowish, scape yellowish, slightly brownish on dorsal margin,flagellum brownish. Wings hyaline. Legs dark brown, except about basal halfof fore femur and tibia, extreme tip of middle and hind femora, middle andhind tibiae and tarsal segments, yellowish.

Frontovertax punctate, punctures less than half the diameter of anteriorocellus; face finely granulated; mesoscutum with fine setigerous punctures;scutellum very finely reticulate; propodeum smooth; coxae and femora ofmiddle and hind legs with fine longitudinal striations; setae on head small

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and scattered; interscrobal area and malar space with a few short setae;pronotum and mesoscutum densely setose: eyes and mesopleura glabrous.

Head dorsum slightly more than twice as broad as long (40:18); frontovertex about 1.25X as broad as median length (24:18); POL:OOL, 10:5; head, infrontal view, broader than long (40:36); scrobe deep, inverted 'V'- shaped,rounded above and on sides; antennal toruli oval, removed from facial marginby about twice the major diameter of a torulus. Antenna as in Fig. 29.

Pronotum about 2.5X as broad as long (38:15) and slightly less than halfmesoscutum (13:29); mesoscutum about 1.66X as broad as median length(48:29); scutellum about 1.2X as broad as long (24:20). Fore wing about 5.0Xas long as broad (116:24); hind tibiae with rows of hairs arranged in five diamond shaped areas.

Gaster broad at base, gradually tapering to apex, slightly longer thanhead and thorax combined; TI almost as long as TIl and TIll combined; TIValmost as long as TV; TVI about twice as long as TVII; ovipositor shortly exserted at apex of gaster.

Hosts: Hyblaea puera; Noorda moringa.

Distribution: India: Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, WestBengal.

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 1 <;2, on card (On same card a head of another <;2, with both antennae attached), 18.xi. 1936, (No. 589, Basheer coll.), parasitic on moringa, det.Gahan (USNM); Villupuram, 3<;2, 19.ii.1993 (S.B. Zeya & S.l. Kazmi)(ZDAMU). West Bengal, Sadhanpur, 4 <;2, 22.ix.1983, (S. S. Islam); Chandaneshwar, 3 <;2, l.x.1983, (S. S. Islam); Pithorghata, 4 <;2, 13.x.1983(S.S.Islam) (ZDAMU).

13. Elasmus nigricus Husain & Kudeshia

Elasmus nigricus Husain & Kudeshia, 1984b: 365, <i2. Holotype <i2, India, Aligarh (Notfound in ZDAMU).

Host: Unknown.


Comments: From the original description and figures given by the authors, E. nigricus appears indistinguishable from hvblaeae, and, therefore,this species is placed with hvblaeae in the key.

14. Elasmus hrishruigiriensis Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus krishnagiriensis Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 474· 475, <i2, Holotype <i2: India, Bombay, Borivilla National Park, Krishnagiri (USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 176, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 11871188, redescription.

Host: Unknown.

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262 Oriental Insects

Distribution: India: Maharashtra.

Vol. 36

15. Elasmus mahabalii Mani & Saraswat (Figs. 30-31)

Elasmus mahabalii Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 477, ~, 3. Holotype ~, India, Mahabalipuram (USNM).

Other citations: Saraswat & Mukerjee 1975: 56, 0, Kollar; Kerala. Verma& Hayat, 1986: 179, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1193-1195, redescription.

The following specimens are referred to this species as we do not find anydifferences between these and the original description of this species. Wehave illustrated the antenna and basal part of fore wing.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Maharashtra, Elephanta, caves offMumbai, 1 9, 28.x.1979 (M.Hayat). Kerala, Walayar Forest,1 9, 4.iii.1993 (S.B.Zeya) (ZDAMU).

Comments: E. mahabalii comes close to funereus Riek (1967), but differsin having pale scape and tibiae and shorter funicle segments.

16. Elasmus rajasthanicus, sp. nov. (Figs. 32 - 36)

Description: Female: Length, 1.75 mm. Body dark brown with bluishgreen reflections on frontovertex and thoracic dorsum, less so on scutellum,more intense on propodeum and base of TI of gaster. Antennal radicle andscape dusky; flagellum dark brown. Wings hyaline. Legs concolorous withbody, except tibiae pale brownish yellow, and tarsal segments of fore legs,yellowish.

Frontovertex with small setigerous punctures; pronotum and mesoscutum scaly with fine setigerous punctures; scutellum finely reticulate; propodeum smooth, on sides near spiracles finely reticulate; coxae and femora ofmiddle and hind legs finely longitudinally striate; setae on head short; eyesand mesopleura glabrous; interscrobal area and malar space sparsely setose.

Head dorsum twice as broad as long (32:16); frontovertex 1.25X as broadas median length (20:16); POL:OOL, 8:4; malar space less than half the eyelength (6:14) ; head, in frontal view, appears rounded, slightly broader thanlong (32:30), scrobes inverted "V'-shaped; antennal toruli oval, in line withlower eye margins. Mandible five-dentate. Antenna as in Fig. 32.

Pronotum slightly more than twice as broad as long (24:13) and half aslong as mesoscutum (12:24); mesoscutum slightly more than 1.33X as broadas long (34:24); scutellum almost as long as broad. Fore wing slightly morethan 3X as long as broad (94:28), venation and setation as in Fig. 33; hindwing 5X as long as broad (100:20).

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Gaster broad at base, gradually tapering and pointed at apex, slightlylonger than head and thorax combined (72:66); ovipositor slightly exserted,about one-twelfth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Rajasthan.

Holotype: ~, INDIA: Rajasthan, Arnajee, 4.xi. 1976 (M. Hayat & Party)(Z8I). Paratype: 1 ~, with same data as for holotype (ZDAMU).

Comments: E. rajasthanicus, sp. nov. is related to E. masii Ferriere, butdiffers in having middle and hind tarsi pale, fore coxae completely brownishand shorter antennae with Fl-3 only slightly longer than broad.

17. Elasmusjohnstoni Ferriere (Figs. 37- 41)

Elasmus johnstoni Ferriere, 1929a: 258, <;2, 0'. Type <;2, Sudan, Wad Medani (BMNH),also INDIA, Kamal.

Other citations: Ferriere, 1929b: 414, ~, Pakistan, Lyallpur, hosts. Ayyar& Margabandhu, 1934: 195, host. Mani, 1938: 109, catalogue. Beeson &Chatterjee, 1939: 374, hosts. Glover, 1940: 245, Namkum, host. Pruthi &Mani, 1940: 22, host. Cherian & Kylasam, 1946: 517-528, Coimbatore, hosts.Khan & Verma, 1945: 72, Punjab, hosts. Cherian & Kylasam, 1947: 658-667,host. Sohi, 1964: 131, host. Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 470- 471, ~,Mumbai, redescription. Chatterjee & Misra, 1974: 55-56, Madhya Pradesh and UttarPradesh, hosts. Verma & Hayat, 1986: 176, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 11741177, redescription.

Redescription: Female: Length, 2.00-2.29 mm. Body dark brownish withbluish green shine on propodeum and base of TI of gaster; tegulae brownish.Antennal radicle and scape dusky; flagellum brownish. Wings hyaline. Legsconcolorous with body, except sometimes trochanters, base and apex of allfemora, base and extreme apex of hind tibia and tibial spurs yellowish (Figs.39-41).

Frontovertex strongly punctate; mesoscutum and scutellum finely reticulate; propodeum smooth; coxae and femora of middle and hind legs finely longitudinally striate; head with scattered short setae; eyes and interscrobalarea glabrous; malar space sparsely setose; pronotum and mesoscutumdensely setose.

Head dorsum slightly more than twice as broad as long (40:18); frontovertex about 1.2X as broad as long (22:18); POL:OOL, 10:4; malar space almosthalf as long as eye length (11:22); head, in frontal view, slightly broader thanlong (42:40) ; facial impression not very deep, reaching about middle of face,with a small inverted 'V' -shaped depression above toruli; antennal toruli almost oval, removed from the facial margin by slightly more than their owndiameters; with their lower margins slightly below lower eye margins. Mandible as in Fig. 37. Antenna as in Fig. 38.

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Pronotum slightly more than twice as broad as long (30:14) and almost0.5X of mesoscutum; mesoscutum about lAX as broad as long (40:28); scutellum slightly broader than long (24:22). Fore wing about 3.5X as long as broad(140:38); hind wing slightly more than 4.0X as long as broad (104:24), marginal fringe about one third the width of the wing (8:24).

Gaster broad at base, pointed apically, longer than head and thorax combined (39:35); TI about twice as long as TIl; TIll slightly less than half aslong as TIV ; TV about one fifth the TVI; TVII slightly more than half longerthan TVI; ovipositor shortly exserted at apex of gaster, exserted part oneeleventh of gaster length.

Male: Not studied.

Hosts: Earias insulana; E. cupreoviridis; E. labia; Hapalia machaeralis;Hyblaea puera; Nephanteryx rhodobasalis; Pectinophora gossypiella (= Platyedra); Sylepta derogaia. Braconidae: Apanteles impartunus; A. machaeralis;A. malevolus (Earias insulana, larvae in bolls of Abutilon sp., in Sudan; P.gossypiella, in Pakistan).

Distribution: India: Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh. (Sudan; Pakistan).

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttaranchal, DehraDun, 1 '12, 27. xii. 1927, parasite on Nephanteryx rhoda basalis M, defol. Cassia fistula, det. Ferriere (FRI). Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 5 '12, 30.x.19835.x.1984 (M.Hayat ) (ZDAMU). Madhya Pradesh, Rahatgao, Hoshangabad, 1'12, 2l.ix. 1926, parasitic on Apanteles machaeralis, hyperparasite of Hapaliamachaeralis Walkn., (2 HN/273), (S.N. Chatterjee) det. Ferriere (FRI). Rajasthan, Jaipur, Durgapura Agric. Farm, 2 '12, 11.x.1975, No. 3505 / 3;Chomu, 2 '12, 29.x.1975, No. 4413/3; Jamsar, 1 '12, 1 0', 25.x.1975, No. 4266/3;Nagaur,4 '12, 27.x. 1975. No. 4342/3; Sikar, Raghunathgarh, 1 '12, 16.x.1975,No. 4039/3; Chomu, 1 '12, 16.x.1975; 2 '12, 10", 11.x.1975. No. 4499/3; Galtajee,7 '12, 2 0', 12.x.1975, No. 3940/3; Sikar, 1 '12, 17.x.1975, No. 4076/3 (allM. Hayat and Party) (DRS). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 4 Cj2, 21.xi.1938, No. 57/38,bred from Earias labia (M.K. Coli.) det. Gahan (USNM).

18. Elasmus valparaianus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus valparaianus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 481,~. Holotype P, India, Valparai(USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 177, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1170-1172, redescription.

Host: Unknown.


Comments: From the original description and illustrations given by Mani& Saraswat (1972), valparaianus, appears indistinguishable from johnstoniFerriere. Since we have not seen the types of both these species, no synonymyis introduced here.

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19. Elasmus indicus Rohwer (Figs. 48-50)

Elasmus indicus Rohwer, 1921: 123-124, <jl, 0'. Holotype <jl, India, Coimbatore (USNM).

Other citations: Ayyar, 1921: 365. Ayyar, 1925: 249. Ayyar, 1927: 77.Ramachandra Rao & Cherian, 1927: 39-50, Chennai, host. Ferriere, 1929b:415, host, key. Cherian, 1929: 857-860, Chennai, host. Mani, 1938: 109, catalogue. Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 469, C;?, (S, Mumbai, Nasik, Triunbakeswarroad, Dehra Dun, Doiwala, redescription. Chatterjee & Mishra, 1974: 55,hosts. Varshney, 1976: 69, Bangalore, host. Bhattarcharjee, 1976: 281, host.Bhattacharjee, 1977: 383-384. Verma & Hayat, 1986: 176, catalogue. Mani,1989: 1177-1178, redescription.

Redescription: Female: Length 2.42 mm. Head and thorax blackish; tegulae brownish; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline; gaster dark brown,apical half or so of TI, basal half or more of TIl slightly extending on sides,reddish yellow (Fig. 50); third valvulae dark brown. Antennal radicle andscape dusky; flagellum brownish. Wings hyaline. Legs dark brown except foreleg beyond distal half of coxa, basal third or so of fore femur, distal fourth orso of middle femur, tibiae, tarsi and tibial spurs of all legs, yellowish.

Head punctate, puncture separated by almost twice their own diameters;pronotum and mesoscutum with fine setigerous punctures; scutellum withfine reticulations; propodeum shiny, so finely reticulated as to appear almostsmooth; middle and hind coxae with fine longitudinal striations. Setae onhead and thoracic dorsum blackish.

Head dorsum slightly more than twice as broad as long (42:20); frontovertex about 1.33X as broad as median length (27:20); ocelli in obtuse triangle,POL:OOL, 14: 4; eyes twice as long as broad (26:13); malar space less thanhalf as long as eye length (11:26); head, in frontal view, slightly broader thanlong (44:42); with the facial impressions quite deep, reaching slightly morethan half of face above, rounded above and on sides; antennal toruli oval, removed from the facial margin by slightly more than twice the major diameterof a torulus and their lower margins slightly above lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 48.

Pronotum about 2.5X as broad as long (42:16) and almost half as long asmesoscutum (16:32); mesoscutum 1.66X as broad as long (50:32); scutellumslightly more than 1.2X as broad as long (22:19). Fore wing 3.5X as long asbroad (148:44); with seven prominent backwardly directed, ventral setae, below middle of marginal vein; setation as in Fig. 49; hind wing about 4.5X aslong as broad (120:27). Hind tibia with rows of hairs arranged in seven diamonds shaped areas, 4 on lateral and 3 on dorsal side.

Gaster (Fig. 50) somewhat conical in shape, slightly longer than head andthorax combined (53:51); TI almost as long as TIl and TIll combined; TIVslightly longer than TV; TVI about twice as long as TVII; ovipositor veryshortly exserted.

Male: Not studied.

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Hosts: Anomalococcus sp.; A. indicus; coccids on Acacia sp. Diaphania(Margaronia) indica; Lamprosema indicata; Eublemma sp. pred. on A. indicus; probably parasitic on larvae of Eublemma sp.; Sylepta derogata

Distribution: India: Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttranchal.

Specimen examined: Type specimen: Paratype, ¥ (on card), 18.ii.1917(Ramakrishna), parasite on coccids on Acacia, No. 27- USNM. Type No.27978 (USNM).

Comments: E. indicus Rohwer is closely related to giraudi Ferriere(1947) and might eventually prove to be a senior synonym ofthat species. Theonly character in which giraudi appears to differ from indicus is the shorterlength of gaster (gaster about as long as thorax in giraudi but slightly longerthan head and thorax in indicus).

20. Elasmus homonae Ferriere (Figs. 42, 43)

Elasmus homonae Ferriere, 1929b: 415-416, <j?, 0'. Lectotype <j?, Sri Lanka (BMNH),examined.

Other citations: Ayyar & Margabandhu, 1934: 195. Rau, 1935: 10-25,Chennai, host. Mani, 1938: 109, catalogue. Pruthi & Mani, 1940: 21, host.Chatterjee & Misra, 1974: 55, host. Ram, 1968: 254, Uttar Pradesh, host.Verma & Hayat, 1986: 175, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1203-1204, Sri Lanka, redescription.

The following redescription is based upon a Lectotype female selected byDr. J.S. Noyes (BMNH). The authors take this opportunity to validate theLectotype designation.

Redescription: Female: Length, 2.05 mm. Body blackish with some bluishgreen shine on head and thorax; tegulae violet; posterior extension ofmetanotum hyaline, yellowish at base; gaster dark brown to almost blackishdorsally except a transverse reddish band at apical half of TI; venter reddishbrown, tip blackish; third valvulae dark brown. Antennal radicle yellowish;scape dusky; flagellum dark brownish. Wings hyaline. Legs: fore legs yellowish, except base of fore coxa and femur; middle coxa and femur dark brown,except apices broadly yellowish; hind coxa dark; tibiae and tarsi of all legsyellowish.

Frontovertex with regularly arranged punctures, each puncture less thanhalf the diameter of front ocellus; pronotum and mesoscutum with setigerouspunctures and with scaly microsculpture; scutellum and propodeum finelyreticulated. Setae on head sparse; eyes glabrous; interscrobal area with a fewshort setae; malar space sparsely setose; pro- and mesothoracic dorsumdensely setose; setae towards apex of gaster long.

Head dorsum (Fig. 43) twice as broad as long (40:20); frontovertex about1.25X as broad as median length (25:20); POL:OOL, 10:2; eyes twice as longas broad (16:8); malar space slightly less than half as long as eye length(7:16); head, in frontal view, slightly broader than long (40:36) ; facial im-

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pression reaching upto middle of face, with a median inverted "Y' shaped impression above toruli; antennal toruli small, oval, in line with lower eye margin. Antenna as in Fig. 42.

Pronotum about twice as broad as long (28:13) and slightly less than halfas long as mesoscutum (13:30); mesoscutum slightly more than 1.33X asbroad as long (42:30); scutellum slightly broader than long (18:16). Fore wingentirely ciliate except a hairless narrow line on hind border, about 3.5X aslong as broad (150:40); hind wings 4.0X as long as broad (120:30).

Gaster as long as head and thorax combined, broad at base gradually tapering to apex; TI more than 2.0X long as TIl; TIl almost twice as long asTIll; TIV slightly longer than TIll; TV equal to TIl; TVI about 1.33X as longas TVII; ovipositor slightly exserted, the exserted part is about one-eleventhof gaster length.

Male: Not studied.

Hosts: Cydia (= Laspeyrasia) leucostoma; C. tricentra. (Homona coffeariaNietner on Tea, in Sri Lanka).

Distribution: India: Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. (Sri Lanka).

Specimen examined: Type specimen: Lectotype, S2: CEYLON (= SRILANKA), 1927, S.S. Light; parasite of Homona coffearia Nietn. on tea, Ch.Ferriere det. B.M. Type HYM. 5. 1181 (BMNH).

21. Elasmus punctulatus, sp. nov. (Figs. 51- 54)

Description: Female. Length 1.75 mm. Body blackish with bluish shine onfrontovertex, thoracic dorsum, more intense on propodeum; tegulae brownish,at base yellowish; mesoscutum with two yellowish spots, one on each sidenear tegulae; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline, at base darkbrownish; gaster dark brown to almost blackish dorsally, with bluish shine onsides of TI, yellowish brown laterally and ventrally, brownish stripes at apexof TI, TIll, TIV and TV, indistinctly on TIl; third valvulae dark brown. Antennal radicle and scape yellowish, dorsal margin of scape brownish; flagellum dark brown. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish, with brownish as follows;basal half or so of fore coxa (Fig. 54), basal two thirds or so of hind coxa (Fig.53), and base of mid coxa, dorsal and ventral margins at base of fore femur,tip of middle and basal half of hind femora.

Head with small scattered punctures; pronotum and mesoscutum scalywith small setigerous punctures; scutellum finely granulated; propodeumfinely reticulated. Eyes glabrous; interscrobal area and malar space sparselysetose, pronotum and mesoscutum densely setose.

Head dorsum slightly more than twice as broad as long (34: 16); frontovertex about 1.25X as broad as median length (20:16); POL:OOL, 7:3; eyesslightly less than twice as long as broad (18:10); malar space short, about onethird the eye length (6:18); head, in frontal view, about 1.2X as broad as long(34:30), with facial impression not very deep, inverted "Y' shaped; antennal

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toruli almost oval, removed from the facial margin by almost twice the majordiameter of a torulus and their lower margins in line with lower eye margins.Antenna as in Fig. 51.

Pronotum about three times as broad as long (30: 10) and slightly lessthan half as long as mesoscutum (10:22); mesoscutum slightly less than1.33X as broad as long (30: 22); scutellum slightly broader than long (18:16).Fore wing 4.0X as long as broad (56: 14); venation and setation as in Fig. 52;hind wing about 4.5X as long as broad (50:11); marginal fringe about onesixth the width of disc.

Gaster slightly longer than head and thorax combined (36: 33); TI about2.5X as long as TIl; ovipositor distinctly exserted, the exserted part aboutone-ninth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.

Holotype: Sfl, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Muthumalai, 27.xi.1979 (J.S. Noyes)(BMNH). Paratypes: INDIA: Maharashtra, Elephanta, caves offMumbai, 1 Sfl,28.x.1979 (M. Hayat) (ZDAMU). Tamil Nadu, Mangarai Forest, 1 Sfl,28.ix.1979 (J.S. Noyes) (BMNH).

Non-type specimen: INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, 1 Sfl, 22.xii.1988 (M.Hayat) (ZDAMU).

Comments: In Riek's (1967) key to Australian species E. punctulatus sp.nov. runs to aquila Girault, but can be distinguished at once by the stronglyproduced gaster with the last two terga about one third the total length ofgaster, and brownish tegulae.

22. Elasmus claripennis (Cameron) (Figs. 59, 60)

Cyclopleura claripennis Cameron, 1913: 92, C;>. Type C;>, India, Dehra Dun (BMNH).Elasmus colemani Mahdihassan, 1923: 69, C;>. Type C;>, India, Bangalore (?). Synonymy

by Ferriere, 1928: 171.Elasmus claripennis (Cameron): Ferriere, 1928: 171-172, taxonomy, host, Namkum re

cord.

Other citations. (As Elasmus colemani): Mahdihassan, 1925: 64-87, host.(As Elasmus claripennis): Ferriere, 1929b: 418, host. Ferriere, 1935: 405- 406,host. Misra et al., 1930: 431-446, host, control. Glover, 1930: 261-266, host.Ayyar& Margabandhu, 1934: 195-196, host. Mahdihassan, 1934: 509-514.Glover, 1934: 1-14, Namkum, host. Mani, 1938: 108, catalogue. Glover &Gupta, 1939: 526, host. Pruthi & Mani, 1940: 21, host. Negi, 1942: 12-23,Namkum, host. Negi et al., 1945: 12pp., host. Negi et al., 1946: 37, host. Usman & Puttarudriah, 1955: 136, Bangalore, host. Teotia, 1964: 522, host.Malhotra & Choudhary, 1968: 429-439, control, host. Malhotra & Misra,1971: 103-105, host. Varshney, 1976: 68-69, host. Verma & Hayat, 1986: 174175, Orissa, host, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1168-1169, redescription.

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Redescription: Female. Length, 2.75 mm. Body black with bluish greenshine on head and thorax; tegulae yellowish; a brownish spot on mesoscutumat base near tegulae; posterior extension of metanotum transparent, somewhat yellowish at base; propodeum dark brown; gaster dark brown to blackish with transverse dusky yellowish stripes across posterior margins of TIIII. Antennal radicle and scape yellowish, flagellum brown. Wings hyaline.Legs yellowish except basal half or so of hind coxa, dorsal margin of hind femur, hind tibia and basal half of basitarsus brownish.

Head with scattered punctures, each about half the diameter of posteriorocellus; mesoscutum with fine setigerous punctures, densely covered withdark brown setae; scutellum very finely reticulate and, in dry mounts, appears almost smooth; propodeum smooth.

Head: Ocelli arranged in obtuse triagle; POL:OOL, 10:4; head, in frontalview, slightly broader than long (42:40), with the facial impression deep,rounded above and on sides with inverted 'V' shaped area in between the antennal toruli; antennal toruli oval, removed from facial margin by about twicethe major diameter of a torulus and their lower margins in line with thelower eye margins; eyes slightly less than twice as long as broad (22:12); malar space short, about one third the eye length (8:22). Antenna as in Fig. 59.

Pronotum about 2.5X as broad as long (36:14) and slightly less than halfas long as median length of mesoscutum (14:30); mesoscutum about 1.5X asbroad as long (46: 30). Fore wing about 6.0X as long as broad (144:24).

Gaster broad at base, gradually tapering at apex, longer than head andthorax combined (55:42); TI almost twice of TIl; TIll slightly smaller thanTIV; TV almost equal to TVI, TVII longer than TVI ; ovipositor exsertedabout one-tenth of gaster length (5:55).

Male: Unknown.

Hosts: Cnephalocrosis medinalis; Eublemma amabilis parasitic on Kerrialacca; Eublemma scitula; Holocera pulverea on Lac; bred from Lac; Pelopidasmathias.

Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Orissa,Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh.

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 1 <;2, v. 1975, No. L 163, parasitic on K. lacca (Shujauddin) (ZDAMU).Karnataka, Bangalore, 1 <;2, 14.ii.1924 (S. Mahdihassan), det. Gahan No. 20(USNM). Jharkhand, Namkum, 1 <;2, 26.ix.1940, ex Boex khair (Lac) (S.N.Gupta); 1 <;2, 19. ix.1938 ex Eublemma larva, 1 <;2, 4.x.1940, 1 <;2, 14.iii.1938,parasite on E. amabilis predator on L. lacca, (S.N. Gupta) , det. P.M. Glover(FRI).

Comments: This species is related to pavo Girault and as already notedby Riek (1967), claripennis differs mainly in the presence of yellowish bandsat apices of gasteral terga 1-3.

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23. Elasmus viridiscutellatus, sp. nov. (Figs. 55-58)

Description: Female: Length 2.17mm. Body blackish with greenish blueshine on frontovertex, pronotum and mesoscutum, more intense on scutellum, propodeum less bluish; pleura black with greenish shine; tegulae dark,appear metallic; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline except at base yellowish; gaster blackish dorsally with bluish green shine at base of TI; apex ofTI-IV with transverse dusky yellow stripes. Antennal pedicel yellow, dorsalmargin slightly brownish; flagellum dark brown covered with short black setae. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish except extreme base of fore coxa, sides ofmiddle coxa at base, dorsal margin and ventral margin in middle of middlefemur, brownish; slightly less than basal half of hind coxa blackish with bluish shine, dorsal margin of hind femur and a spot on ventral margin, brownish (Figs. 56-58).

Frontovertex with small shallow irregular punctures; mesoscutum withfine setigerous punctures; scutellum so finely reticulated as to appearsmooth; eyes glabrous; interscrobal area and mesoscutum densely coveredwith fine hairs.

Head dorsum more than twice as broad as long (34:15); frontovertexabout 1.33X broader than median length (20:15); POL:OOL, 8:4; eyes almost2.0X as long as broad (12:6); malar space almost half of eye length (6:12);head, in frontal view, slightly broader than long (34:32); facial impression inverted 'V'-shaped; antennal toruli small and oval, removed from facial marginby about 2.5X the major diameter of a torulus and their lower margins in linewith lower eye margins. Mandible 5-dentate. Antenna as in Fig. 55.

Pronotum about 2.5X as broad as long (30:12) and slightly less than halfthe length of mesoscutum; mesoscutum slightly more than 1.33X as broad aslong; scutellum almost as broad as long. Fore wing about 4.0X as long asbroad (140:34); hind wing about 5.0X as long as broad (122:24) ; marginalfringe about one-eighth of wing width.

Gaster shorter than head and thorax combined (88:92); TI about twice aslong as TIl; TIll slightly longer than TIV which is slightly longer than TV;TVI longer than TVII; ovipositor shortly exserted, exserted part about oneninth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Cnephalocrosis medinalis, larvae.

Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,West Bengal.

Ho10type: ~, INDIA: Maharashtra, Elephanta, caves off Mumbai,28.x.1979 (M. Hayat) (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 Sj?, with the following data: INDIA: West Bengal, Mamari, 1 Sj?, 27, viii. 1963, near dead larva of Cnephalocrosis medinalis, CIBC. IS CHANDGRESS, No. 43; 1 Sj?, Moong Ykudi,5.xi.1963, ex, larva of Cnephalocrosis medinalis; CIBC - IS, No. 14 (USNM).

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Non type specimens: INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Gudur, 3 <fl, 13.ii.1993(S.B.Zeya & S.I.Kazmi). Bihar: Gaya, 1 Cj?, 4.i.1992 (S.B.Zeya). Tamil Nadu,Villupuram, 3 Cj?, 19.ii.1993 (S.B.Zeya & S.I.Kazmi). West Bengal, Sadhanpur, 6 Cj?, 22.ix.1983; Chandaneswar, 5 Cj?, l.x.1983; Sunderbans, 7 Cj?,7.x.1983; Pithorghata, 1 Cj?, 13.x.1983 (all S.S.Islam) (ZDAMU).

Comments: E. viridiscutellatus sp. nov. appears very close to longifasciativentris Girault, but differs in the absence of spots on axillae, and in havingthe tegulae metallic. Also, in viridiscutellatus the antennal scape is about 2.5times as long as pedicel and the gaster with dusky stripes on apices of terga1-4 (see Riek, 1967).

24. Elasmus hollimalaianus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus kollimalaianus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 473-474, <j'. Holotype <j': India, Kollimalai Hills (USNM).

Other citations: Saraswat & Mukerjee 1975: 56, Cj?, Neyyar Wild LifeSanctuary, Kerala. Verma & Hayat, 1986: 176, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 11881190, redescription.

Host: Unknown.


25. Elasmus alami, sp. nov. (Figs. 61-65)

Description: Female. Head in part but thorax mostly blackish with bluishshine on head and thoracic dorsum; following parts yellowish to cream white:Head with the face from below mid-level of eyes (Fig. 61) and a small spot oneach side of occiput behind eyes; lateral margins of pronotum, scutellum oneach side with a yellowish longitudinal band (Fig. 63); gaster honey yellowexcept a transverse band at base of TI, indistinct spots on sides of TIV ( inone specimen on TIll also), about basal two- third of TVI, TVII completely,blackish. Antennal radicle yellowish; scape dusky, dorsal margin brownish;flagellum dark brown. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish except dark brown toalmost blackish spots on dorsal and ventral margins of hind coxa (Fig. 65),dorsal margin of middle and hind femora narrowly; tarsal segments 2-4 of alllegs brownish.

Frontovertex with small setigerous punctures; pronotum and mesoscutum with close, fine setigerous punctures and scaly microsculpture; scutellumand propodeum almost smooth; head with small dark brown to blackish setae; eyes glabrous; interscrobal area and malar space sparsely setose; pronotum and mesoscutum densely setose; posterior scutellar bristles long, reaching upto the middle of propodeurn.

Head dorsum slightly less than twice as broad as long (31:16); frontovertex about 1.33X as broad as median length (21:16); POL:OOL, 6:4; eyes almost twice as long as broad (14:7); malar space slightly more than half theeye length (8:14); head, in frontal view, slightly broader than long (31:28)with the facial impression not very deep, rounded above and on sides; anten-

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nal toruli small, rounded, removed from the facial margin by about two and ahalf times the major diameter of a torulus and their lower margins slightlyabove the line of lower eye margins. Mandible 5-dentate. Antenna as in Fig.62.

Pronotum slightly more than twice as broad as long (29:14) and slightlymore than half the length of mesoscutum (14:26); mesoscutum slightly lessthan 1.33X as broad as long (32:26); scutellum broader than long (16:12).Fore wing 4.0X as long as broad (120:30) (Fig. 64); hind wing about 5.5X aslong as broad (104: 18).

Gaster slightly longer than head and thorax combined; ovipositior shortlyexserted at apex of gaster, exserted part one-twelfth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Phidodonta modesta.

Distribution: India: Bihar, Uttar Pradesh.

Holotype: ~, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 14.x.1978 (M. Verma)(BMNH). Paratypes: Aligarh, 1~, 23.xii. 1977, 1 ~, 16.x.1977, 1 ~, 19.viii.1978 (M.Verma) (ZDAMU). Bihar, 1 ~, vi. 1966 (Y.R.C.), par. on Phidodontamodesta (pusa call. No. 55) (USNM).

Comments: E. alami appears close to E. maculatipennis Girault (seeRiek, 1967) but that species differs from alami in the following characters:Face pale only below antennal sockets; mesoscutum with a spot near tegulaeand a spot in middle of posterior margin, yellow; pedicel a little longer thanbroad, one third as long as Fl; Fl about three times as long as broad. InBurks' (1965) key to North American Elasmus, E. alami run to E. albizziaeBurks, but differs from that species by the completely dark mesoscutum, darkapex of scutellum; mandible 5-dentate and different confirmation of antennalsegments (Antero-lateral angles of mesoscutum, apex of scutellum yellow;dorsal half of hind coxa blackish; mandible with one small ventral tooth and arow of 17-19 minute denticles; pedicel as long as Fl and the later about onethird of scape in E. albizziae).

This species in named for Professor S. Mashhood Alam, former Head ofthe Department of Zoology, A.M.U., Aligarh, in recognition of his contributionto chalcid taxonomy.

26. Elasmus zehntneri Ferriere (Figs. 66, 67)

Elasmus sp. Zehntner, 1900: 1 (by Ferriere, 1929b).Elasmus zehntneri Ferriere, 1929b: 417, ~, CS. Type ~: Indonesia, West Java (BMNH).

Other citations: Issac, 1937: 175-177, host. Cherian & Israel, 1938: 273,host. Cherian & Subramaniam, 1938: 1-6, Chennai, host. Subramaniam,1938: 175-178, Karnataka, host. Rahman, 1941: 119-128, Punjab, host. Usman & Puttarudriah, 1955: 136, Bangalore, Mandya, host. Butani, 1958: 273,host. Agarwal & Siddiqui, 1964: 155, host. Dorge et al., 1968: 251-256, Maharashtra, host. Butani, 1972:' 6, host. Rao & Murthy, 1974: 77, Andhra

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Pradesh, host. Chatterjee & Misra 1974: 55-56, host. Verma & Hayat, 1986:177-178, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1185-1187, redescription.

Redescription: Female: Length 2.00-2.37mm. Head and thorax blackishwith bluish green shine on frontovertex, pronotum and mesoscutum; less bluish on scutellum; gaster honey yellow with brownish spots as follows: faintbrownish spots at base of TI; bases of TIl-V, slightly extending on lateralsides with triangular brownish spots; TVl to apex completely dark brown toblackish. Antennal radicle dusky; scape yellowish, dorsal margin slightlybrownish; flagellum brownish. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish; basal third ofhind coxa black, metallic; basal third or so of middle femur broadly brownish;tibiae and tarsal segments of all legs yellowish.

Head with small scattered punctures; mesoscutum with dense smallsetigerous punctures; scutellum finely reticulate; propodeum smooth, shiny;other body parts smooth; setae on head small, brownish to blackish; eyes glabrous; interscrobal area and malar space with fine scattered setae; pronotumand mesoscutum densely setose.

Head dorsum slightly less than twice as broad as long (44:24); frontovertex 1.2X as broad as median length; POL:OOL, 11:5; eyes slightly more thantwice as long as broad (22: 10), malar space slightly less than half the eyelength (12:22); head, in frontal view, broader than long (44:40), with facialimpression not very deep, reaching upto the middle of face, rounded aboveand on sides, with a inverted 'V'- shaped area above antennal toruli; antennaltoruli oval, removed from the facial margin by slightly less than twice themajor diameter of a torulus, and their lower margins slightly below the lineoflower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig 66.

Pronotum slightly more than twice as broad as long (32:14) and slightlyless than half as long as mesoscutum (14:30); mesoscutum about one and onethird times as broad as long (42:30); scutellum slightly broader than long(20: 18). Fore wing about 4.0X as long as broad (152:38), basal setation as inFig. 67; hind wing slightly more than 4.0X as long as broad (130:30).

,Gaster long, broad at base, pointed as apex, longer than head and thorax

combined; TI about three times as long as TIl; TIII-V subequal in length; TVlabout twice as long as broad; ovipositor shortly exserted at apex of gaster, theexserted part about one-ninth of gaster length.

Male: Not studied.

Hosts: Bissetia steniella; Chilo infuscatellus; Pectinophora gossypiella;Scirpophaga sp.; S. auriflue; Tryporyza monostigma; T. nivella; T. rhodaproctalis. (Scirpophaga intacta, in Java).

Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. (Indonesia; Bangladesh).

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 2 ¥, 25.xi.1935, No. 555, 38/36, det. Gahan; 2 ¥, 20.viii. 1936, No.348/36, all parasitic on Scirpophaga sp. on sugarcane (P, Israel) (USNM).

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West Bengal, Plassey, 1 0 (head missing), 8. Viii.1963, CIBC-IS, Bangalore,No. 5 (USNM). Karnataka, Mudigere, 1 9, 28.x.-3.xi.1979 (J.S. Noyes)(BMNH).

27. Elasmus mahabaleswarensis Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus mahabaleswarensis Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 475-476, CfJ, 3. Holotype CfJ: India,Mahabaleswar (USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 176, catalogue. Mani, 1989:1183-1185, redescription.

Host: Unknown.


Comments: From the original description and illustrations given for E.mahabaleswarensis, it is not possible to distinguish it from E. zehntneri Ferriere. The authors have not seen the types and hence no synonymy is introduced here, but since there are no differences, both the species are placed together in the key.

28. Elasmus munnarus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus munnarus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 478-479, CfJ. Holotype CfJ: India, Munnar(USNM).


Host: Unknown.


Specimen examined: Non-type specimen: INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Mammallapurum, 1 9, 16.ii.1993 (S.B.Zeya) (ZDAMU).

29. Elasmus pulchellus, sp. nov. (Figs. 68 - 71)

Description: Female: Length, 2.2 mm. Head orange yellow, except a central blackish area with some greenish shine surrounding ocelli and extendingon to frontovertex in front of anterior ocellus (Fig. 68); eyes silvery white withsome brownish tinge; thorax (Fig. 70) entirely blackish with some greenishshine except mesoscutum with a transverse reddish brown band on posteriorthird or so; tegulae yellowish brown; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline except yellow at base; gaster orange yellow except basal half of TI, transverse band on TV and all of TVI and VII, blackish,; third valvulae darkbrown. Antennal radicle yellowish at base, brownish apically; scape yellow;flagellum brownish. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish except a faint brown spotabove on dorsal margin of hind coxa, dorsal margin of middle and hindfemora somewhat broadly and a spot on ventral margin of hind femur nearapical third, brownish; tarsal segments 3-4 of fore and middle legs, 2-4 ofhind legs, light brownish. (In the paratype the blackish patch on frontovertex

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larger; wings yellowish with infuscation around stigmal, hind coxa with a distinct dark spot above on dorsal margin).

Frontovertex with small, irregularly arranged setigerous punctures; thoracic dorsum with very fine reticulate sculpture; scutellum appears smooth;frontovertex, pronotum and mesoscutum densely setose, setae blackish; eyesand mesopleura glabrous.

Head dorsum (Fig. 68) slightly more than twice as broad as long (40:18);frontovertex about 1.2X as broad as long (22:18); POL:OOL, 9:4; eye less than2.0X as long as broad (16:9); malar space half eye length (8:16); head, in frontal view, about one and a sixth as broad as long (40:34), with the facial impression inverted 'V'-shaped with rounded margin; antennal toruli almostoval, removed from facial margin by slightly more than twice the major diameter of a torulus and their lower margin slightly above lower eye margins.Mandible five-dentate. Antenna as in Fig. 69.

Pronotum slightly more than 2.0X as broad as long (32:14) and slightlyless than half the length of mesoscutum (14:30); mesoscutum about 1.33Xbroader than median length (40:30); scutellum about 1.25X as broad as long(20:16). Fore wing about 3.5X as long as broad (122:32), setation as in Fig. 71;hind wing about 5.0X as long as broad (140:28).

Gaster slightly longer than head and thorax together (90:88); TI aboutone-third the gastral length; ovipositor shortly exserted at apex of gaster, exserted part about one- eleventh of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka.

Ho10type: ¥, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 7.xii.1977 (M.Verma)(BMNH). Paratype: Karnataka, Bangalore, 1 ¥, 19-23.ix.1979 (J.S. Noyes)(BMNH).

Comments: E. pulchellus sp. nov. comes close to E. africanus Ferriere(1929b) and agrees with that species specially in the presence of yellowishtransverse band in distal third of mesoscutum; otherwise in antennal dimensions, colour of head, gaster and colour of hind coxae, E. pulchellus is quitedifferent. (Scape equal to combined lengths of pedicel, Fl and half ofF2; funicle joints 1-3 each about twice as long as broad; head black with a narrow yellow stripe on vertex behind lateral ocelli; gaster dark, with TI white at base(except a median spot); posterior margins of TI-V with reddish transversestripes; hind coxae almost entirely black, in E. africanus).

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30. Elasmus hhandatus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus khandalus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 471- 472, ~. Holotype ~: India, Khandala(USNM).


Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Maharashtra, Kerala.

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Kerala, on way fromMukkal to Silent Valley, 2 Sfl, 30.xii.1988 (M.Hayat) (ZDAMU).

Comments: This species runs to E. ashmeadi Crawford in the key to species given by Ferriere (1929b) and agrees with the brief description of thespecies given by Crawford (1914). However, a definite opinion is possible onlyafter comparison of the types of the two species.

31. Elasmus longicornis, sp. nov. (Figs. 72 - 74)

Description: Female: Length, 2.00 mm. Head blackish with slight bluishgreen shine; face below antennal toruli, yellowish brown; mandibles yellow,tip reddish; thorax yellowish except as follows: pronotum with a darkbrownish to almost blackish spot in middle anteriorly; mesoscutum with darkbrownish large spot, one on each side; scutellum entirely blackish with metallic shine; axillae blackish; posterior extention of metanotum hyaline, at baseyellowish (Fig. 73); propodeum and mesopleura blackish with metallic shine;gaster dark brown to almost blackish dorsally except a transverse broadband in middle of TI, slightly on sides of TIl and TIV and basal three-fourthsventrally, yellowish to honey yellow (Fig. 74); third valvulae dark brownish.Antennal radicle and scape yellowish; pedicel yellowish, brownish on dorsalmargin; funicle segments and clava dark brownish, covered with dense shortbrownish setae. Wings hyaline. Legs mostly yellowish except a smallbrownish spot on dorsal margin of hind coxa; dorsal margin of middle andhind femora narrowly brownish.

Frontovertex with small scattered punctures each less than half the diameter of anterior ocellus; pronotum and mesoscutum with fine setigerouspunctures; scutellum and propodeum so finely reticulate as to appear almostsmooth; middle and hind femora with very fine longitudinal striations; otherbody parts smooth; setae on head short, scattered; sparse on face; eyes glabrous; malar space sparsely setose; interscrobal area with a few small irregularly arranged setae.

Head dorsum three times as broad as long (36: 12); frontovertex about1.5X as broad as long (18:12); POL:OOL, 10:5; eyes twice as long as broad(16:8); malar space less than half the eye length (6:16); head, in frontal view,appears rounded, almost as long as broad, with facial impression deep,rounded above and on sides, with an inverted 'V-shaped area above antennaltoruli; antennal toruli almost oval, removed from facial margin by about

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twice the major diameter of a torulus and their lower margins in line withlower eye margins. Mandible five-dentate. Antenna as in Fig. 72.

Pronotum twice as broad as long (28:14) and half the length ofmesoscutum (14: 28); mesoscutum about 1.33X as broad as long (38:28); scutellumslightly broader than long (20:18). Fore wing about 3.5X as long as broad(140:38), there are 9 backwardly directed erect setae below middle of marginal vein, placed on ventral side of blade; hind wing slightly more than 5.0Xas long as broad (132:24); marginal fringe about one-sixth the width of disc.Hind tibia with setae arranged in seven diamond shaped lozenges, 4 on lateral and 3 on dorsal side.

Gaster (Fig. 74) broad basally, gradually tapering to apex, smaller thanhead and thorax combined (74:80); TI about 2.0X as long as TIl which isslightly more than twice as long as TIll and TIV individually; TV about halfthe length of TVI; TVII almost as long as TV; caudal margin of TV slightlyconcave; ovipositor shortly exserted, exserted part about one-eleventh ofgaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Kerala

Holotype: ¥, INDIA: Kerala, Periyar Animal Sanctuary, 5-15.x.1979 (J.S.Noyes) (BMNH). Paratype: 1 ¥, with same data as for holotype (BMNH).

Comments: E. longicornis sp. nov. runs to E. cygnus Girault (couplet 18)in the key to Australian species given by Riek (1967), but cygnus differ in:scutellum laterally black, other wise yellow; tegulae dark; scape slightlylonger than Fl; FI-3 each twice as long as broad.

32. Elasmus longiventris, sp. nov. (Fig. 75)

Description: Female: Length, 2.00-2.75mm. Thorax yellowish brown tohoney yellow, following parts dark brown or blackish with metallic bluish orgreenish shine: a large central spot with greenish shine above foramen continued on to frontovertex surrounding ocelli and extending almost upto middle of face; a spot behind each eye which meets the central spot, leaving onlythe sides above; pronotum mostly blackish with blue green shine, yellowishon side and collar; mesoscutum with two faint small brownish spots on eachside near notauli and a indistinct median brownish spot; episternum yellow,epimeron mostly dark, sometimes with yellowish above; axillae and tegulaedark; scutellum almost blackish with some violet tinge except on sides andnarrowly apically yellowish; metanotum dark; posterior extension of metanotum hyaline, brownish at base; propodeum metallic green; gaster orange yellow; basal half of TI and also most of TVI, mainly bluish green; TIl-V orangeyellow with sometimes brownish spots on sides of TIl and spots at base ofTIV; third valvulae blackish. Antennal radicle and scape yellow, flagellumdark brownish. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish except a blackish spot with

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greenish shine on dorsal margin of hind coxa; dorsal margin of hind femurblackish.

Frontovertex with setigerous punctures; pronotum and mesoscutum withdense setigerous punctures; scutellum finely reticulate; propodeum shinysmooth; setae on head prominent; thoracic dorsum densely setose, those onposterior margin of mesoscutum long, reaching over middle of scutellum; eyesglabrous; interscrobal area and malar space sparsely setose.

Head dorsum about twice as broad as long (38:18); frontovertex about1.33X as broad as median length (26:18); POL:OOL, 8:4; eyes twice as longas broad (16:8); malar space half as long as eye length (8:16); head, in frontalview, slightly broader than long (40:38); facial impression not very deep, inverted 'V'-shaped; antennal toruli oval, in line with lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 75.

Pronotum slightly more than twice as broad as long (34:16) and half aslong as mesoscutum (16:32); mesoscutum about 1.33X as broad as long(42:32); scutellum slightly broader than long (22:20). Fore wing slightly morethan 3.5X as long as broad (160:42); hind wing 5.0X as long as broad (150:30).

Gaster distinctly longer than head and thorax combined (120:92); all tergites transverse except TI and TV!; caudal margin of TV concave; ovipositorexserted at apex, exserted part one-eighth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Kerala, Uttar Pradesh.

Holotype: S?, INDIA: Kerala, Periyar Animal Sanctuary, 5-15.x1979 (J.S.Noyes) (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 S?, with same data as for holotype (BMNH).

Non-type specimen: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, IS?, x.1983 (M. Hayat) (ZDAMU).

Comments: E. longiventris, sp. nov. appears related to E. doddi Girault.,E. cygnus Girault, stellatus Girault and E. lamborni Ferriere, but can be distinguished from all these species in the colour of gaster; elongate funicle segments, scape equal to F1, and elongate and strongly produced gaster which islonger than head and thorax combined. In all the above-mentioned speciesthe gaster is short and not strongly produced at apex (See Riek, 1967; Ferriere, 1929b).

33. Elasmus albopictus Crawford (Figs.76 - 80)

Elasmus albopictus Crawford, 1910: 132, ~. Type ~: Philippine Islands, Manila(USNM).

Other citations: Parshad & Subba Rao, 1964: 462-463, Uttar Pradesh,host. Verma & Hayat, 1986: 173, host, catalogue.

This species was originally described based on a female collected in thePhilippines. The authors have examined two females.

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Redescription: Female: Length 2.22 mm. Body yellowish brown with following parts black: occiput with a median spot extending on the frontovertexsurrounding ocelli and extending a little in front of anterior ocellus; a spot oneach side of posterior margin behind eyes meeting with a central long spot bytransverse brown patches; in another female the spots on vertex as shown inFig. 77; thorax yellowish to orange yellow with slight brownish infuscation inmiddle; pronotum with a small median anterior brownish spot; axillae andtegulae brownish; scutellum (Fig. 79) with a large central blackish spot withsides and apex yellowish; metanotum with transverse brownish stripe; propodeum dark except on sides near spiracles yellowish; mesopleura with adark brownish spot; gaster (Fig. 80) concolorous with body except spots onsides of TI; median spot covering TIl and basal half or so of TIll, a larger spoton each side of TIll and a small spot on each side ofTIV, brownish; third valvulae dark brown. Antennal radicle brownish yellow; anterior margin ofscape slightly brownish; flagellum dark brown. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowishbrown with black on basal third of hind coxa, dorsal margin of fore and middle femora narrowly, hind femur dorsal margin rather broadly; tarsal segments 2-4 of all legs light brown.

Head with scattered punctures, each about half the diameter of anteriorocellus; mesoscutum with fine setigerous punctures; scutellum and propodeum so finely reticulate as to appear almost smooth; head dorsum and frontovertex with small brown setae; interscrobal area and malar space sparselysetose; eyes and mesopleura glabrous.

Head dorsum (Fig.78) twice as broad as long (36: 18); frontovertex slightlymore than 1.33X as broad as median length (25:18); POL:OOL, 10:8; eyesabout 1.33X as long as broad (18:12); malar space almost half the eye length(9:18); head, in frontal view, broader than long (38:34), with the facial impression not deep and rounded above and on sides (Fig. 77); antennal torulismall, somewhat oval, removed from facial margin by about thrice the majordiameter of a torulus and their lower margins slightly below the lower eyemargins. Mandible five-dentate. Antenna as in Fig. 76.

Pronotum 2.33X as broad as long and slightly less than half as long asmesoscutum; mesoscutum about 1.33X as broad as long (36:25), posterior rowof setae on mesoscutum long reaching over three fourth length of scutellum;scutellum slightly broader than long (20:18). Fore wing about 3.5X as long asbroad (126:34); hind wing almost 5.0X as long as broad (110:20).

Gaster. TI (Fig. 80) about three time as long as TIl; TIll almost half thelength ofTIV; TV slightly less than half the length of TVI and TVII combined; ovipositor shortly exserted.

Male: Unknown.

Hosts: Tryporyza incertulas on summer paddy; Eucosma critica; Cnaphalocrosis medinalis.

Distribution: India: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. (philippines).

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Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: West Bengal, 1 Sfl,22.iv.66, on paddy, det. G.J. Kerrich, 1967; Baidy-Abati, 1 Sfl, 21.iii. 1964, exlarva of Tryporyza incertulas on summer paddy, C.LB. C-IS No. 25(CHNDGR. S8.) (USNM).

34. Elasmus binocellatus Mani & Saraswat (Fig. 81)

Elasmus binocellatus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 462-463, C(. Holotype C(: India, NiligiriHills (USNM); also Kerala, Munnar.


Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Delhi, Kerala, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, UttarPradesh.

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 1 Sfl, 20.ix.1979 (M.Verma) (ZDAMU). Delhi, 2 Sfl, x.1979 (Z.Boucek)(BMNH). Rajasthan, Jodhpur, 1 Sfl, 23.v.1975; 1 Sfl, 16.x.1975 (M. Hayat &party) DRS No. 4052/3 (DRS). Kerala, Walayar Forest, 3 Sfl, 26.ix-1.x.1979(J.S.Noyes) (BMNH); on way from Mukkal to Silent Valley, 1 Sfl, 30.xii.1988(M. Hayat) (ZDAMU). Tamil Nadu, Villipuram, 1 Sfl, 19.ii.1993 (S.B.Zeya &S.LKazmi) (ZDAMU).

Comments: The above specimens are referred to E. binocellatus on thebasis of the original description and illustrations given by Mani & Saraswat(1972). The species is very closely related to and might prove to be a synonymof E. albopictus Crawford. But it is here kept separate as the specimens ofalbopictus studied by the authors (one of the specimens determined by Dr. G.J. Kerrich) differ from the specimens here referred to binocellatus in havingscape as long as following two segments, F2 longer than F1; clava broader,and gaster with lateral spots on TIll and TIY.

35. Elasmus punensis Mani & Saraswat (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 82 - 85)

Elasmus punensis Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 479. C(. Holotype C(: India, Pune, Khandakwasla Sinhagarh Fort (USNM).


Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, UttarPradesh.

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 18 Sfl, 12.v.1977-18.x.1985 (M.HayatiM. Verma); 1 Sfl, 21.viii.1980 (Shujauddin) (ZDAMU); Bareilly, 3 Sfl, 7.x.1978; 1 Sfl, 24.iv.1979 (M.Verma)(ZDAMU). Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore, 2 Sfl, 25.ix.-1.x.1979 (J.S.Noyes)(BMNH). Karnataka, Mudigere, 1 Sfl, 26.x-4.xi.1979 (J.S. Noyes) (BMNH).

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Kerala, Walayar Forest, 1 ~,26.ix- Lx, 1979 (J.8.Noyes) (BMNH); Kottayam,1 ~, 26.ii.1993 (S.B.Zeya) (ZDAMU).

This species is fully illustrated here (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 82 - 85) and, therefore,it is not considered necessary to redescribe it.

Comments: In Ferriere's (1947) key to Palaearetic species, punensis runsto E. phihorimaeae, but differs from that species in details of colour; pronotum completely orange yellow, gaster completely orange yellow except twospots on sides of the first tergum; most of the dorsal margin of fore femora,dorsal margin in middle of middle femora dark brown; basal third in middlecoxa blackish with some shine; fore wing faintly infuscated, and details of antennal dimensions.

36. Elasmus lutens Crawford

Elasmus lutens Crawford, 1914: 461-462, ~. Holotype ~: Philippines, Luzon, Manila(USNM).

This species was originally described based on a female collected in thePhilippines. The authors have examined one female and one male (loan fromthe U.S. National Museum) determined as this species by Dr. Burks. Thisappears to be the first record of the species from India.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India (New record): Madhya Pradesh. (philippines).

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Madhya Pradesh, 1 ~,

1o, 1958 (O.8.Bindra), det. B.D. Burks (USNM).

37. Elasmus {lavocorpus Husain & Kudeshia (Figs. 101, 102)

Elasmus flavocorpus Husain & Kudeshia, 1984a: 28, ~. Holotype ~: India, Aligarh (Notfound in ZDAMU).

This species was inadequately described. Though we have not seen thetypes, we are providing a redescription of this species based on our material.

Redescription: Female: Length, 1.75-2.25 mm. Body yellow, with the following parts blackish brown: occiput above foramen; a large spot continuedon to frontovertex between ocelli; a band behind eyes almost in the middle asin punensis; pronotum with a spot in the middle of anterior one-third or so;axillae; metanotum with a central spot; propodeum with a spot in middle andon either side behind spiracles (in some specimens spiracles completely surrounded by brownish infuscation); tegula brownish; mesoscutum and scutellum with pale brown suffusions; gaster with TI occasionally with a smallfaint brown spot on either sides, otherwise completely yellow; third valvuladark brown. Antenna with radicle dusky yellow; scape almost yellowish withsome brownish yellow infuscation along upper surface distally; flagellumbrownish, covered with dense dark brown setae. Wings hyaline, discal setaebrown. Legs, including coxae, yellow; hind coxa with a dark spot with somebluish shine at base.

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Head dorsum with small setigerous punctures; mesoscutum finely reticulate and with dense setigerous punctures; scutellum finely reticulate, appearssmooth; propodeum smooth.

Head dorsum about 2x as broad as long (35:18); frontovertex about 1.25xas broad as long (22:18); ocelli arranged in a slightly obtuse triangle;POL:OOL, 7:5; malar space about 0.33x of eye length (7:18); head, in frontview, almost rounded, slightly broader than high; scrobal impression invertedV'-shaped, not carinated; antennal toruli almost oval, removed from facialmargin by about twice their own diameters, their lower margins in line withlower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 101.

Pronotum 2x as broad as long (26:12), almost half the length ofmesoscutum (12:26); scutellum slightly broader than long (16:14). Fore wing nearly 4xas long as broad, with basal setation as in Fig. 102; hind wing about 6x aslong as broad; marginal fringe one-sixth of wing width.

Gaster conical, slightly shorter than head and thorax combined; TI aboutas long as TIl and III combined; ovipositor shortly exserted at apex of gaster.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Cocoons of Apanteles sp. on Ricinus communis.

Distribution: India: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh.

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Aligarh, 13 <fl, 19.vi.1978 - vii. 1984 (M. Hayat; M. Verma); 1 <fl, 23.ix.1991 (S.B.Zeya). Delhi, 1 <fl, 29.v.1979 (M. Verma) (ZDAMU).

38. Elasmus queenslandicus Girault (Figs. 86-90)

Elasmus queenslandicus Girault, 1913: 82, ~. Holotype ~: Australia, Queensland,Kuranda (QMB) (Synonyms given in Riek 1967: 159).

Redescription: Female: Length 1.45 - 2.25 mm. Body is large sized specimens orange yellow but in smaller specimens light yellow to honey yellow,following parts blackish brown: a spot above foramen continued on to frontovertex surrounding ocelli and extending in front of anterior ocellus (Fig.87); a large spot behind each eye meeting with a dark brown central spot; alarge convex spot on basal half of pronotum with slight greenish shine (insome specimens a small spot on sides of pronotum); axillae blackish; tegulaedark violet; a spot on sides of metanotum (in smaller specimen this spot isconnected by a narrow transverse brown line): mesoscutum indistinctly infuscated in middle and on sides ; propodeum dark brown in middle and lightbrown infuscated area surrounding spiracle (in some specimens almost blackish in middle and two small spots on postero-lateral sides of spiracle); smallerspecimens with a dark brownish spot on mesopleura, above middle coxae; ablackish band with green shine in less than basal half of TI of gaster (Figs.89, 90), in some specimens a brown small spot in middle of TIV; third valvulae dark brown. Antennal radicle yellow; scape slightly dusky; flagellumbrown with some orange tinge, densely covered with short brownish setae.

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Fore wing hyaline. Legs yellowish except dorsal margin of hind coxae in distal half or so, dorsal margin of middle femur narrowly, most of dorsal marginof hind femur, tarsal segments of all legs, brownish.

Frontovertex with irregularly arranged fine setigerous punctures; pronotum and mesoscutum with dense setigerous punctures, with fine reticulations; scutellum finely irregularly reticulate; propodeum smooth; frontovertexpronotum and mesoscutum densely setose, setae dark brown; eyes and mesopleura glabrous.

Head dorsum (Fig. 87) slightly less than twice as broad as long (30:18);frontovertex 1.2X as broad as median length (22:18); POL:OOL, 9:4 ; eyesslightly more than twice as long as broad (18:8); malar space short, about onethird of eye length (6: 18); head, in frontal view, appears almost rounded,slightly longer than broad (32:30), with the facial impression somewhat deepand inverted 'V'-shaped, rounded above and slightly on sides; antennal torulialmost oval, removed from facial margin by about twice the major diameter ofa torulus; their lower margins in line with lower eye margins. Antenna as inFig. 86.

Pronotum slightly more than two times as broad as long (30: 12) andslightly more than half the length of mesoscutum (12:26); mesoscutum 1.33Xas broad as long (34:26); scutellum broader than long (18: 16). Fore wing 4.5Xas long as broad (146:30); setation as in Fig. 88; there are 9 prominent backwardly directly setae below the middle of marginal vein; hind wing about6.0X as long as broad (122:20); marginal fringe about one-fourth the width ofdisc.

Gaster (Fig. 90) almost conical, pointed at apex, as long as the head andthorax combined; TI as long as TIl and TIll combined; TIV smaller and TVand TVI subequal; TVII quite small; ovipositor shortly exserted, exsertedpart about one-twelfth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India (New record): Delhi, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala,Maharastra, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Uttranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.(Australia).

Specimens examined: Non-type specimens: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 36 C?, l1.vi.1977-24.xi.1985 (M.Hayat; M. Verma); 1 C?, vii.1983(S.S.Islam) (ZDAMU). Delhi, 5 C?, 29.v.1979 (M. Verma) (ZDAMU). TamilNadu, Mammallapuram, 2 C?, 16.ii.1993, (S.B.Zeya) (ZDAMU); Coimbatore, 1C?, 25.ix-1.x.1979 (J.S.Noyes) (BMNH). Karnataka, Bangalore, 1 C?, 1923.ix.1979 (J.S.Noyes); Mudigere, 1 C?, 26.x.-4.xi.1979 (J.S.Noyes) (BMNH).Uttranchal, Dehra Dun, 1 C?, 14.ii.1978; 1 C?, 16.xi.1978 (M.Verma). Kerala,Calicut U.C., 1 C?, 2.iii.1993 (S.B.Zeya); Calicut city, 2 C?, 29.xii.1988 (M. Hayat); Walayar Forest, 1 C?, 4.iii.1993 (S.B.Zeya). Maharastra, Elephanta,caves off Mumbai, 3 C?, 28.x.1979 (M.Hayat). Jharkhand, Ranchi, 1 Sil,

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27.ii.1994 (S.B.Zeya). Orissa, Puri, Sakigopal, 1 ¥, 20.ii.1994 (S.B.Zeya).West Bengal, Pithorghata, 1 ¥, 13.x.1983 (S.S.Islam) (ZDAMU).

39. Elasmus flavescens, sp. nov. (Figs. 91-95)

Description: Female: Length, 2.00 - 2.12 mm. Body yellowish to honeyyellow, following parts brown to blackish: a large area above foramen, continued on to frontovertex surrounding ocelli and extending in front of anterior ocellus (Fig. 92); head behind upto middle with a large area between eyesexcept on sides above; pronotum largely brownish, on sides and narrowly atapex, yellowish; mesoscutum with a faint brownish central area extendingfrom base upto middle and a blackish spot on sides below notauli; axillae andtegulae brownish; metanotum dark brown to almost blackish; propodeum metallic blue; tip of posterior extension of metanotum hyaline, basal half yellowish; gaster (Fig. 95) yellowish except as follows: basal half of TI blackish withintense bluish shine, large dark brownish central spots on TIn to TV (in onespecimen brownish stripes on TI to TV); TVl, except basal third, blackish;third valvulae dark brown. Antennal radicle yellow; scape light brown; flagellum dark brownish. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish except a dark brown spotat base of hind coxa; dorsal margin of hind femur narrowly, brownish (Fig.94).

Frontovertex with fine setigerous, regular punctures and so also thepronotum and mesoscutum; scutellum finely reticulate; propodeum smooth;eyes glabrous; interscrobal area and malar space with scattered sparse setae;posterior row of setae on mesoscutum long, reaching over middle of scutellum.

Head dorsum (Fig. 92) slightly more than twice as broad as long (35:16);frontovertex about 1.33X as broad as median length (22: 16); POL:OOL, 8:4;eyes slightly more than twice as long as broad (14:6); malar space half the eyelength (7:14); head, in frontal view (Fig. 93), broader than long (35:32); facialimpression not very deep, rounded above and on sides; antennal toruli small,removed from facial margin by three times the major diameter of a torulusand their lower margins slightly above lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig.91.

Pronotum twice as broad as long (28:14) and about half as long as mesoscutum (14:27); mesoscutum about 1.33X as broad as long (36:27); scutellumslightly broader than long (18:15). Fore wing slightly more than 4.0X as longas broad (164:40); there are 11 erect, backwardly directed ventral setae belowmiddle of marginal vein; hind wing about 5.5X as long as broad (144:26).

Gaster (Fig. 95) not much broad at base, gradually tapering to apex;slightly longer than head and thorax combined; caudal margin of TV and TVlconcave; ovipositor slightly exserted, the exserted part one-ninth of gasterlength.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

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Distribution: India: Karnataka, Kerala.

Ho10type: ~, INDIA: Karnataka, Mudigere, 26.x.-4.xi. 1979 (J.S. Noyes)(BMNH). Paratypes: 4 ~, same data as for holotype. Kerala, Periyar AnimalSanctuary, 1 ~, 5-15.x.1979 (J.S. Noyes) (BMNH).

Comments: E. flavescens, sp. nov. appears related to quingilliensisGirault and picturatus Girault (see Riek, 1967) in general body colour andmore or less similarly elongate antennae but may by distinguished by therather strongly acute gaster with dark markings on terga 2-5 and relativelystrongly exserted ovipositor.

40. Elasmus cavicolous, sp, nov. (Figs. 96-98)

Description: Female: Length, 1.62 mm. Head and thorax yellowish withsome brownish tinge, following parts dark brown to blackish; a spot on occiput, similar to E. queenslandicus; pronotum with a small median anteriorspot; axillae and tegulae brownish; propodeum entirely blackish with bluishgreen shine; gaster orange yellow except a blackish band with bright greenishshine at basal half of TI; TV-TVII and tip entirely dark brown to almostblackish. Antennal radicle yellowish; scape pale brown; flagellum brownishwith dense brown setae. Fore wing indistinctly infuscated; hind wing hyaline.Legs yellowish except, dorsal margin of hind coxa very narrowly, dorsal margin of middle and hind femora narrowly, tarsal segments 3-4 of all legs, darkbrown.

Head with small setigerous punctures, more dense on occiput; face with afew scattered punctures; mesoscutum with dense setigerous punctures;scutellum finely reticulate; propodeum smooth; eyes glabrous; interscrobalarea and malar space with short irregular scattered setae; setae on pronotumand mesoscutum dense.

Head dorsum slightly less than twice as broad as long (30:16); frontovertex about 1.25X as broad as median length (20:16); ocelli arranged in obtusetriangle, POL:OOL, 8:4; head, in front view, slightly broader than long(30:28); facial impression inverted 'V'- shaped; antennal toruli removed fromthe facial margin by twice the major diameter of a torulus, their lower margins slightly above lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 96.

Pronotum about twice as broad as long (22:10) and slightly less than halfthe length of mesoscutum (10:21); mesoscutum about 1.33X as broad as long(28:21); scutellum 1.33X as broad as long (16:12). Fore wing 4.0X as long asbroad (112:28), with 10 prominent backwardly directed ventral setae belowmiddle of marginal vein (Fig. 97); hind wing about 5.5X as long as broad(100: 18); marginal fringe slightly less than one third the width of disc.

Gaster conical in shape, as long as head and thorax combined, all gastraltergites transverse except first, second and seventh; ovipositor hardly exserted, the exsertedpart about one-twelfth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

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Host: Unknown.


Holotype: c;2, INDIA: Maharashtra, Elephanta, caves off Mumbai, 28.x.1979 (M. Hayat) (BMNH).

Comments: E. cavicolous, sp. nov. comes close to E. quingilliensis Giraultand E. picturatus Girault (see Riek, 1967) and differs not only in colour ofgaster but also in having Fl subequal to or shorter than F2 and pedicel distinctly longer than half of F 1.

41. Elasmus fulvicornis, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 99,100)

Description: Female: Length, 2.00 mm. Body mostly yellowish with thefollowing parts dark brown or blackish: a blackish spot on head below, between eyes; axillae and tegulae dark brownish; gaster honey yellow, TVI andTVII blackish (Fig. 100); third valvulae brownish. Wings hyaline. Antennamostly yellowish, scape somewhat dusky. Legs yellowish; dorsal margin ofhind femur narrowly, tarsal segments 3-4 of fore legs, 2-4 of middle and hindlegs, brownish; setae dark brown to almost blackish.

Head with setigerous punctures, sparse on face below; mesothoracic dorsum with dense setigerous punctures; scutellum reticulate; propodeum sofinely reticulate as to appear almost shiny smooth; middle and hind coxaeand femora finely longitudinally striate; setae on head dorsum short, scattered; interscrobal area and malar space sparsely setose; eyes and mesopleura glabrous; pronotum and mesoscutum densely setose.

Head dorsum slightly more than twice as broad as long (34:16); frontovertex about 1.25X as broad as median length (20:16); POL:OOL, 8:4; eyes twiceas long as broad (16:8); malar space half the eye length (8:16); head, in frontal view, slightly broader than long (34:32), with the facial impression inverted 'V'-shaped; antennal toruli small, oval, removed from facial margin byabout twice the major diameter of a torulus and their lower margins in linewith lower eye margins. Antenna as in Fig. 99.

Pronotum about 2.5X as broad as long as (28:11) and almost half as longas mesoscutum (20:11); mesoscutum about 1.5X as broad as long (34:20);scutellum slightly broader than long. Fore wing about 3.5X as long as broad(110:30); entirely ciliate except at base below (Fig. 3), with 7 prominentbackwardly directed setae below middle of marginal vein on ventral surface;hind wing 5.0X as long as broad (100:20); setae on terminal half of bladeshort and less prominent.

Gaster (Fig. 100) subequal in length to head and thorax combined (70:68);TI long, about one-third the length of gaster; ovipositor shortly exserted, theexserted part about one-ninth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.

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Holotype: ¥, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 2.viii.1979 (M. Hayat)(BMNH).

42. Elasmus dalhousieanus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus dalhousieanus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 465- 466, ~, <3. Holotype <3: India,Dalhousie (USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 175, catalogue. Mani, 1989: 1163 -1166, redescription.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh.

Comments: Mani & Saraswat (1972) designated the male as the holotypeof this species. This male, as illustrated by the authors, has a distinct subcubital line of setae on the fore wing. The female lacks this subcubital line ofsetae, and it is on the basis of this character that this species is placed withan interrogation mark in the key. However, it may be noted that as the holotype is a male, the female associated with this holotype may not be conspecific with dalhousieanus, and may even belong to an undescribed species.

43. Elasmus ceylonicus Ferriere (Figs. 44 - 47)

Elasmus ceylonicus Ferriere, 1929b: 418, ~. Lectotype ~: Sri Lanka, Pelmadulla(BMNH).

Other citations: Ayyar & Margabandhu, 1934: 195. Mani, 1938: 108,catalogue. Pruthi & Mani, 1940: 21. Verma & Hayat, 1986: catalogue. Mani,1989: 1187, Sri Lanka, redescription.

We have examined a lectotype ¥, selected by Dr. J.S. Noyes (BMNH). Thespecimen agrees in all respects with the original description given by Ferriere. The species is, however, recorded from India for the first time and is redescribed in detail. This redescription is based upon Indian specimens.

Redescription: Female: Length, 1.12 - 2.00 mm. Body blackish with somebluish shine on frontovertex and thoracic dorsum; scutellum dull violet; apical margin of scutellum with a yellowish white transverse band, posterior extension of metanotum hyaline except at base yellowish white; gaster honeyyellow above, reddish below, except dark brown to almost black spots at baseof TI meeting with a median spot; spots on sides of TIl to TIV, slightly extending over TV; TVI and TVII entirely blackish (Fig. 47); third valvulaeshining black. Antennal radicle and scape whitish yellow; flagellum yellowishwith short brownish setae. Wing hyaline. Coxae and femora of all legs darkbrown to almost blackish except, apices of fore coxae, all trochanters, apicalthird or so of fore femur, apex of middle femur, base and apex of hind femur,all tibiae and tarsi except 3-4 of fore and middle legs, 2-4 of hind legs, yellowish.

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Frontovertex with small regular setigerous punctures, pronotum andmesoscutum with small setigerous punctures; scutellum finely granulated,propodeum so finely reticulate as to appear almost smooth in dry mounts;frontovertex, pronotum and mesoscutum with dense brown to almost blacksetae; axillae smooth; interscrobal area and malar space sparsely setose; eyesand mesopleura glabrous.

Head dorsum about 2.5X as broad as long (40:15); frontovertex about 1.5Xbroader than median length (22:15); POL:OOL, 10:4; eyes slightly less thantwice as long as broad (18:10); head, in frontal view, broader than long(40:36) with the facial impression not very deep, reaching only upto middle offace, rounded above and on sides; malar space half the eye length (9:18); antennal toruli oval, removed from the facial margin by about twice the majordiameter of a torulus and their lower margins slightly below lower eye margins. Mandible (Fig. 45) with two teeth and about 8-9 visible small denticles.Antenna as in Fig. 44.

Pronotum about 2.66X as broad as median length (34:13), and half aslong as mesoscutum (13:26); mesoscutum slightly more than 1.75X as broadas long (44:26); scutellum hardly broader than long (22:20). Fore wing almost3.5X as long as broad (126: 36), entirely ciliate except at base below; there are5 erect backwardly directed setae on ventral side of blade below middle ofmarginal vein; hind wing slightly more than 4.0X as long as broad (102:24);marginal fringe about one-sixth of width of disc.

Gaster (Fig. 47) broad basally, gradually tapering to apex; slightly longerthan head and thorax combined (90:86); ovipositor shortly exserted at apex ofgaster, the exserted part about one-eleventh of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unknown from India. (From cases of Psyche albipes Tea bag wormin Sri Lanka).

Distribution: India (New record): Karnataka, Tamil Nadu. (Sri Lanka)

Specimens examined: Type specimen: Lectotype, ¥: CEYLON = (SRILANKA), 20.iii.1928, ex cases of Tea Bag worm, Psyche albipes, Ch. Ferrieredet. B.M. Type No. HYM - 5.1179 (BMNH).

Non type specimens: INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, 2 ¥, 25.ix- 1.x.1979(J.S. Noyes) (BMNH). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 12 ¥, 25.ix.1979 (J.S. Noyes)(BMNH).

44. Elasmus cameroni Verma & Hayat

Cyclopleura fumipennis Cameron, 1913: 97, <;J. Lectotype, <;J: Borneo, Ruching (BMNH).Preoccupied in Elasmus by [umipennis Thomson, 1878.

Elasmus fumipennis (Cameron): Ferriere, 1929b: 416.Elasmus cameroni Verma & Hayat, 1986: 174. Replacement name for fumipennis Cam

eron not Thomson.

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Other citations: Mani, 1938: 108. Pruthi & Mani, 1940: 21. Varshney,1976: 73. Mani, 1989: 1204-1205, redescription, as species incertae sedis.

This is not an Indian species. Mani (1938) and following him, Pruthi &Mani (1940) and Varshney (1976) erred in starting that it was described frommaterial collected in Dehra Dun. Although this species was recorded byVerma & Hayat (1986) based on specimens from Karnataka present in CAB,lEE, and det by Dr. B. R. Subba Rao, the identity of those specimens needchecking.

The name Elasmus fumipennis (Cameron, 1913) is a junior secondaryhomonym of E. fumipennis Thomson (1878). Verma & Hayat (1986) proposedcameroni as a replacement name for fumipennis (Cameron).

The following redescription is based on a lectotype (female) selected byDr. J. S. Noyes.

Redescription: Female: Length, 3.1 mm. In general colour of body legsand infuscation of fore wings agrees with the redescription of Ferriere (1929)except the colour of gaster. Gaster dark above, reddish brown below in basalfourth or so; apices ofT I- III with reddish brown transverse stripes.

Frontovertex with distinct scattered punctures; mesoscutum with closelyset setigerous punctures; scutellum with fine reticulations; propodeum finelyreticulate; setae on head sparse; interscrobal area and malar space with shortsparse setae; pronotum and mesoscutum with dense short setae; axillae withonly one visible black seta; hind tibia with seven diamond shaped lozenges.

Head dorsum twice as broad as long (48:24); frontovertex almost as broadas long; POL:OOL, 10:4; head in front view slightly broader than long (48:42);facial impression inverted 'V' shaped, reaching upto middle of face; antennalsockets small, removed from facial margin by about three times the major diameter of a socket and their lower margins slightly above lower eye margins.Antennal scape about 3X as long as broad, pedicel almost as long as broadand smaller than F1; Fl-3 subequal, each more than 2.5X as long as broad.

Pronotum less than twice as broad as long (30:19) and slightly more thanhalf as long as mesoscutum (19:36); mesoscutum slightly more than one andthird times as broad as long (48:36); scutellum slightly longer than broad(24:22).

Gaster much produced apically, longer than head and thorax combined(146: 104); T I almost twice as long as TIl ; TV and TV! longer than wide;posterior margin of T II and T III concave, T IV slightly convex, of remainingterga straight; ovipositor shortly exserted, the exserted part about onetwelfth of gaster length.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Parasite of Lac and Sal of some unknown relationship.

Distribution: [?] India: Karnataka. (Borneo)

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Specimen examined: Type specimen: Lectotype, C?: P. Cameron CoIl. B. M.1914 - 110; B. M. Type No. Hym. 5. 1184, J. Hewitt; Kuching, Sarawak(BMNH).

The following three species are based upon males.

45. Elasmus cyanomontanus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus cyanomontanus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 467, 0'. Holotype, 0': India, NilgeriHill (USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 175, catalogue. Mani 1989: 1192-1193, redescription.

Female: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.


46. Elasmus deccanus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus deccanus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 467, (;. Holotype, (;: India, Pune, (USNM).

Other citations: Verma & Hayat, 1986: 175, catalogue. Mani 1989: 1172-1174, redescription.

Female: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.


47. Elasmus hodaianus Mani & Saraswat

Elasmus kodaianus Mani & Saraswat, 1972: 472, (;. Holotype, (;: India, Kodaikanal(USNM).


Female: Unknown.

Host: Unknown.


The following three species were recorded from India, but we are not sureof the identity of the material on which these records were based. Hence,these species are excluded from the key.

Elasmus philippinensis Ashmead

Elasmus philippinensis Ashmead; Recorded by Rawat & Modi (1970) from MadhyaPradesh from Sylepta derogate:

Elasmus pletyedrae Ferriere

Elasmus pletyedrae Ferriere; Recorded by Nangpal (1948) from Pectinophora gossypiella, from India.

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Elasmus polistis Burks

Elasmus polis tis Burks; Recorded by Verma & Hayat (1986: 177) from India (punjab)based a specimen in CrE Coll. and det. by B. R Subba Rao. From yellow wasp (?Polistes hebraeusi.

Acknowledgments

This paper forms a part of the Ph.D. thesis (1980) of the first author, M.Verma. This study began in 1978 and was completed in 1980. We, therefore,thank the following persons and their institutions for loan of types and otherdetermined or indetermined material of Elasmus made available during thatperiod: Dr. J. S. Noyes, The Natural History Museum, London; Dr. E. E.Grissell, U.S. National Museum, Washington D.C.; the then Officer-inCharge, Desert Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Jodhpur; Dr. P.K. Sen-Sarma, former Forest Entomologist, and Dr. A. B. Mathur, former Research officer, Forest Research Institute, New Forest, Dehra Dun. One of us(M. Verma) is thankful to the Principal, Dr. M. S. Mehra, Bareilly College,Bareilly, and to the college management for giving study leave under theUniversity Grants Commission's Teacher Fellowship Scheme, and to theU.G.C., for the financial assistance under the Faculty Improvement Program.

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(*) References not consulted in the original. Their contents noted from other sources.

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Figs. 1-8. Elasmus spp.: 1, Elasmus punensis Mani & Saraswat, female,body dorsal; 2, E. punensis, female, basal part of fore wing showing subcubital line of setae, indicated by an arrow; 3, E. fulvicornis, sp. nov., female,basal part of fore wing; 4, E. punensis, female, apical terga of gaster and ovipositor of right side, with cercus enlarged; 5, E. punensis, female hypopygium. 6, Elasmus sp., male antenna; 7, 8, Elasmus spp., distal part of malegenitalia in two species.

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Figs. 9-18. (9-14) Elasmus rugritus, sp. nov., female: 9, antenna; 10,scutellum; 11, distal veins of fore wing; 12, fore leg; 13, mid leg; 14, hind leg.(15, 16) Elasmus grimmi Girault, female: 15, antenna; 16, hind tibia. (17, 18)Elasmus brevicornis Gahan, female: 17, antenna; 18, fore wing with distalveins enlarged.

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Figs. 19-29. (19-23) Elasmus anticles Walker, female: 19, antenna; 20,fore wing with distal veins enlarged; 21, fore leg; 22, mid leg; 23, hind leg.(24-28) Elasmus noyesi, sp. nov., female: 24, antenna; 25, scutellum; 26-28,coxae and femora of: 26, fore leg; 27, mid leg; 28, hind leg. (29) Elasmus hyblaeae Ferriere, female, antenna.

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Figs. 30-36. (30, 31) Elasmus mahabalii Mani & Saraswat, female: 30,antenna; 31, basal part of fore wing, with distal veins enlarged. (32-36) EIasmus rajasthanicus, sp. nov., female: 32, antenna; 33, part of fore wing, withdistal veins enlarged; 34, fore leg; 35, mid leg; 36, hind leg; tarsi in mostomitted.

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Oriental Insects Vol. 36

Figs. 37-43. (37-41) Elasmusjohnstoni Ferriere, female: 37, mandible; 38,antenna; 39, fore leg; 40, mid leg; 41, hind leg; distal tarsal segments omitted.(42,43) Elasmus homonae Ferriere, female: 42, antenna; 43, head, dorsal.

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Figs. 44-54. (44-47) Elasmus ceylonicus Ferriere, female: 44, antenna; 45,mandible; 46, part of mesoscutum, axillae and scutellum; 47, gaster, dorsal.(48-50) Elasmus indicus Rohwer, female: 48, antenna; 49, basal part of forewing; 50, gaster, dorsal. (51-54) Elasmus punctulatus, sp. nov., female: 51,antenna; 52, basal part of fore wing; 53, hind leg, coxa and femur; 54, fore leg,coxa and femur.

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57 (\ 56

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64Figs. 55-65. (55-58) Elasmus viridiscutellatus, sp. nov., female: 55, an

tenna; 56-58, coxa and femur of: 56, fore leg; 57, mid leg; 58, hind leg. (59,60)Elasmus claripennis (Cameron), female: 59, antenna; 60, gaster, dorsal. (6165) Elasmus alami, sp. nov., female: 61, head frontal; 62, antenna; 63, scutellum; 64, fore wing; 65, hind leg, coxa and femur.

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Figs. 66-75. (66, 67) Elasmus zehntneri Ferriere, female: 66, antenna; 67,basal part of fore wing. (68-71) Elasmus pulchellus, sp. nov., female: 68, headdorsal; 69, antenna; 70, pro- and mesothorax, dorsal; 71, basal part of forewing. (72-74) Elasmus longicornis, sp. nov., female; 72, antenna; 73, pro- andmesothorax, dorsal; 74, gaster, dorsal. (75) Elasmus longiventris, sp. nov.,female, antenna.

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Figs. 76-85. (76-80) Elasmus albopictus Crawford, female: 76, antenna;77, head frontal; 78, head dorsal; 79, part of thorax, dorsal; 80, TI-IV ofgaster. (81)Elasmus binocellatus Mani & Saraswat, female, antenna. (82-85)Elasmus punensis Mani & Saraswat, female: 82, antenna; 83, mandible; 84,mid leg, excluding tarsus; 85, fore wing, with distal veins enlarged.

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Figs. 86-95. (86-90) Elasmus queenslandicus Girault, female: 86, antenna;87, head dorsal; 88, basal part of fore wing, with distal veins enlarged; 89, TIof gaster; 90, gaster in profile. (91-95) Elasmus {lavescens, sp. nov., female:91, antenna; 92, head dorsal; 93, head frontal; 94, hind leg, coxa and femur;95, gaster, dorsal.

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Figs. 96-102. (96-98) Elasmus cavicolous, sp. nov., female: 96, antenna;97, distal veins of fore wing; 98, hind leg, coxa and femur. (99, 100) Elasmusfulvicornis, sp. nov., female: 99, antenna; 100, gaster in profile. (101, 102) EIasmus {lavocorpus Husain & Kudeshia, female: 101, antenna; 102, basal partof fore wing.

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Documents

The species of Elasmus from India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)