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Key TermsKey Terms
Heavy industry – the manufacture of Heavy industry – the manufacture of machines & equipment for factories machines & equipment for factories & mines& mines
De-Stalinization – the process of De-Stalinization – the process of eliminating the more ruthless polices eliminating the more ruthless polices of Stalinof Stalin
Wiki PostWiki Post
Do you have your own bedroom? Do you have your own bedroom?
**During this time, the average **During this time, the average Russian family lived in a one-room Russian family lived in a one-room apartment**apartment**
Identify the six Soviet satellite Identify the six Soviet satellite states.states.
6
5
4
3
2
1
Soviet Union
After World War IIAfter World War II
1992, a British expert on the Soviet 1992, a British expert on the Soviet military released a report indicating that military released a report indicating that the SU’s losses during WW2 were even the SU’s losses during WW2 were even more staggering than previously believedmore staggering than previously believed Soviet deaths estimated to have been as high Soviet deaths estimated to have been as high
as 49 million (30% of its people)as 49 million (30% of its people) This may hold a key to the beginning of the This may hold a key to the beginning of the
Cold WarCold War Stalin may have been deliberately hostile to Stalin may have been deliberately hostile to
the West, contributing to worsening relations the West, contributing to worsening relations with the USwith the US
The Reign of StalinThe Reign of Stalin
EconomyEconomyDevastated by WW2Devastated by WW2To create a new industrial base, goods To create a new industrial base, goods
were produced almost exclusively for were produced almost exclusively for exportexportIn some respects this led to a rapid In some respects this led to a rapid
economic recoveryeconomic recoveryThe $ from export goods was used to The $ from export goods was used to
buy machinery & western technologybuy machinery & western technology
The Reign of StalinThe Reign of Stalin
19461946Stalin was still the master of the SUStalin was still the master of the SU
He did not share power He did not share power Had little respect for other Communist Had little respect for other Communist
Party leadersParty leadersSuspicious & lack of trust for othersSuspicious & lack of trust for others
Soviet gov’t said all literary & Soviet gov’t said all literary & scientific work must conform to scientific work must conform to political needs of the statepolitical needs of the state
The Reign of StalinThe Reign of Stalin
19501950 SU had built new power plants, canals, & giant SU had built new power plants, canals, & giant
factoriesfactories HEAVY INDUSTRY increasedHEAVY INDUSTRY increased
Mainly for benefit of the militaryMainly for benefit of the military Industrial production surpassed prewar levels by 40%Industrial production surpassed prewar levels by 40%
Development of the hydrogen bomb in 1952Development of the hydrogen bomb in 1952 Launch of first space satellite, Launch of first space satellite, SputnikSputnik I, in 1957 I, in 1957 SU was a world powerSU was a world power
Soviet people did NOT benefit from the Soviet people did NOT benefit from the industrializationindustrialization
Not enough consumer goods producedNot enough consumer goods produced Housing shortage was severeHousing shortage was severe
Let’s ReviewLet’s Review
What were the effects of the Soviet What were the effects of the Soviet government’s economic methods government’s economic methods enacted after WW2?enacted after WW2?
By 1950, Russian industrial production By 1950, Russian industrial production surpassed prewar levels by 40%surpassed prewar levels by 40%
The Soviet people, however, had a The Soviet people, however, had a shortage of consumer goods & a shortage of consumer goods & a severe shortage of housingsevere shortage of housing
The Khrushchev EraThe Khrushchev Era
After Stalin’s deathAfter Stalin’s deathNikita Khrushchev became the chief Nikita Khrushchev became the chief
policy maker in the SUpolicy maker in the SUDE-STALINIZATION was put in placeDE-STALINIZATION was put in place
The Khrushchev EraThe Khrushchev Era
Khrushchev Khrushchev Tried to increase production of Tried to increase production of
consumer goods & agricultural outputconsumer goods & agricultural outputGrow cornGrow cornCultivate lands east of the Ural Mtns.Cultivate lands east of the Ural Mtns.
Loosened gov’t controls on literatureLoosened gov’t controls on literatureAllowed the publication of a work by Allowed the publication of a work by
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN that depicted ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN that depicted life in a Siberian forced-labor camplife in a Siberian forced-labor camp
The Khrushchev EraThe Khrushchev Era
Khrushchev’s attemptsKhrushchev’s attemptsFailedFailedIncreased military spending hurt the Increased military spending hurt the
economyeconomyForeign policy failuresForeign policy failures1964, he was forced into retirement 1964, he was forced into retirement
(after Cuban missile crisis)(after Cuban missile crisis)
Do You Know????Do You Know????
__________ refers to the process of __________ refers to the process of eliminating the more ruthless policies eliminating the more ruthless policies of Stalin.of Stalin.
And the Answer Is….And the Answer Is….
__________ refers to the process of __________ refers to the process of eliminating the more ruthless policies eliminating the more ruthless policies of Stalin.of Stalin.
De-StalinizationDe-Stalinization
Let’s ReviewLet’s Review
Why did Soviet leaders force Why did Soviet leaders force Khrushchev into retirement?Khrushchev into retirement?
He failed to increase agricultural He failed to increase agricultural outputoutput
Industrial growth rate dramatically Industrial growth rate dramatically declineddeclined
Foreign policy in Cuba failedForeign policy in Cuba failed
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron CurtainCurtain
After WW2 (1945 – 1947)After WW2 (1945 – 1947) Soviet-controlled Communist gov’ts took Soviet-controlled Communist gov’ts took
control of Eastern European countriescontrol of Eastern European countriesEast GermanyEast GermanyBulgariaBulgariaRomaniaRomaniaPolandPolandHungaryHungaryCzechoslovakia – strong tradition of democracy & Czechoslovakia – strong tradition of democracy &
multi-party system stopped seizure by the Soviets multi-party system stopped seizure by the Soviets until 1948until 1948
ALBANIA, Communist gov’t grew increasingly ALBANIA, Communist gov’t grew increasingly independent of the SUindependent of the SU
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron CurtainCurtain
After WW2After WW2YUGOSLAVIA, led by Josip Broz or TITOYUGOSLAVIA, led by Josip Broz or TITO
Independent Communist state until Tito’s Independent Communist state until Tito’s death in 1980death in 1980
NOT a Soviet satellite stateNOT a Soviet satellite state
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron CurtainCurtain
1948-19531948-1953Eastern European satellite states Eastern European satellite states
instituted Soviet-type five-year plans w/ instituted Soviet-type five-year plans w/ emphasis on heavy industry (NOT emphasis on heavy industry (NOT consumer goods)consumer goods)
Began to collectivize agricultureBegan to collectivize agricultureEliminated all noncommunist partiesEliminated all noncommunist partiesSet up secret police & military forcesSet up secret police & military forces
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron CurtainCurtain
After Stalin’s deathAfter Stalin’s death Many Eastern European states tried to make Many Eastern European states tried to make
reformsreformsCommunism did NOT develop deep roots among the Communism did NOT develop deep roots among the
peoples of Eastern EURpeoples of Eastern EURSoviets exploited Eastern EUR economicallySoviets exploited Eastern EUR economically
Made living conditions hard for most peopleMade living conditions hard for most peopleSU made it clear that it would not allow its Eastern SU made it clear that it would not allow its Eastern
European satellite states to become independent:European satellite states to become independent: PolandPoland HungaryHungary CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron CurtainCurtain
19561956 Protests in PolandProtests in Poland
Polish Communist Party adopted a series of reformsPolish Communist Party adopted a series of reforms Elected Wladyslaw Gomulka as 1Elected Wladyslaw Gomulka as 1stst secretary secretary Gomulka declared that POL had the right to follow its own Gomulka declared that POL had the right to follow its own
pathpath POL compromised; pledged to remain loyal to Warsaw PactPOL compromised; pledged to remain loyal to Warsaw Pact
Hungarian leader IMRE NAGY declared Hungary a free Hungarian leader IMRE NAGY declared Hungary a free nation (to end rebellion caused by economic problems)nation (to end rebellion caused by economic problems)
Promised free electionsPromised free elections 3 days later, Soviet troops attacked Budapest & 3 days later, Soviet troops attacked Budapest &
reestablished control of the countryreestablished control of the country Nagy was captured by the Soviet military & executed 2 yrs Nagy was captured by the Soviet military & executed 2 yrs
laterlater
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron CurtainCurtain
CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Antonin Novotny, placed in power in 1953 by Stalin (“Little Antonin Novotny, placed in power in 1953 by Stalin (“Little
Stalin”)Stalin”) Alienated many members of his own partyAlienated many members of his own party Czech writers esp. disliked himCzech writers esp. disliked him Writer’s rebellion led to Novotny’s resignation in 1968Writer’s rebellion led to Novotny’s resignation in 1968
ALEXANDER DUBCEK elected first secretary of the Communist ALEXANDER DUBCEK elected first secretary of the Communist party in Czechoslovakiaparty in Czechoslovakia
Introduced reforms to the countryIntroduced reforms to the country Freedom of speech & pressFreedom of speech & press Freedom to travel abroadFreedom to travel abroad Relaxed censorship & promised to democratize political systemRelaxed censorship & promised to democratize political system Period of euphoria broke out, “Prague Spring”Period of euphoria broke out, “Prague Spring” By August, the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia & crushed the By August, the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia & crushed the
reform movement reform movement Gustav Husak replaced DubcekGustav Husak replaced Dubcek
Did away w/ his reforms & reestablished Soviet controlDid away w/ his reforms & reestablished Soviet control
Do You Know???Do You Know???
Which communist nation remained Which communist nation remained independent of Soviet control?independent of Soviet control?A. GreeceA. GreeceB. YugoslaviaB. YugoslaviaC. RomaniaC. RomaniaD. HungaryD. Hungary
And the Answer Is….And the Answer Is….
Which communist nation remained Which communist nation remained independent of Soviet control?independent of Soviet control?A. GreeceA. GreeceB. YugoslaviaB. YugoslaviaC. RomaniaC. RomaniaD. HungaryD. Hungary
Let’s ReviewLet’s Review
What was the result of revolts against What was the result of revolts against communism in Poland, Hungary, & communism in Poland, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia?Czechoslovakia?
Poland – a series of reforms were adopted, Poland – a series of reforms were adopted, but Poles remained loyal to the Warsaw but Poles remained loyal to the Warsaw Pact (fearful)Pact (fearful)
Hungarian declared a free nation, but Hungarian declared a free nation, but Soviet troops reestablished controlSoviet troops reestablished control
Czechoslovakia – Dubcek introduced Czechoslovakia – Dubcek introduced reforms, but Soviet army reestablished reforms, but Soviet army reestablished controlcontrol
BonusBonus
Write a paragraph on the changes that Write a paragraph on the changes that took place in the Soviet Union under took place in the Soviet Union under Khrushchev’s leadership. Do you believe Khrushchev’s leadership. Do you believe that Stalin would have been able to that Stalin would have been able to maintain his power had he lived longer? maintain his power had he lived longer? Was a period of de-Stalinization Was a period of de-Stalinization inevitable?inevitable?
Underline Thesis – 2 ptsUnderline Thesis – 2 pts Full Paragraph – 5 ptsFull Paragraph – 5 pts 1 outside source (other than textbook) & 1 outside source (other than textbook) &
sources cited in MLA format – 3 ptssources cited in MLA format – 3 pts