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The SAFUEL Project
Fuel system ?
Water and ice management
Ignition source reduction
Flammability reduction
Conclusion
Agenda
3 © Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Fuel system ?
Water and ice management
Ignition source reduction
Flammability reduction
Conclusion
Agenda
4 © Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Fuel system?
Fuel circulation system
Fuel gauging system
Inerting system
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 5
1/ FS will be integrated in Composite & More-Electric A/C: Lightning strikes
High voltage level
2/ FS will have to handle Alternative Fuels: Alternative Fuel properties
3/ More A/C exposed to icing conditions: New routes crossing the Arctic
Longer flight times at higher altitude
Challenges
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 6
Hazard management
Workpackages
• Water & ice management
• Ignition source reduction
• Flammability protection enhancement
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 7
Fuel system ?
Water and ice management
Ignition source reduction
Flammability reduction
Conclusion
Agenda
8 © Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Icing & water management
• Measurement of the water in fuel
• Icing phenomena
Static
Dynamic
System
Design rules
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 9
Measurement of the water in fuel
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 10
Core Techology: Bragg grating
Achievement: measurement of
the dissolved water in fuel
Icing: static analysis
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 11
Light
Source
Camera
Width
2.3 mm
Mixture
inlet
Mixture
outlet
Water droplets in mixture at 10 °C
Concentration: 3754 ppm
by mass velocity: < 0.1 m/s
Image of
Flowing
Mixture
Droplet Size Distribution from Canty
1. Small, rounded hard ice collected
on a 300 microns filter during
draining
2. Soft and mushy ice
on the tank bottom
3. Clear, hard Ice lump
on the tank bottom
4. Small, rounded, hard ice
on the tank bottom
Icing: dynamic analysis
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 12
Cylinder in a cross-flow section
Icing: dynamic analysis
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 13
Detection of ice formations
MATLAB code for the determination of ice formations
Accumulation of ice measurement
Icing: system evaluation
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 14
Static analysis
+ Dynamic analysis
+ System evaluation
Ice on pump mesh
Ice in piping
Icing: Achievements
Measurement of the water in fuel
Icing phenomena
Static
Dynamic
System
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 15
Design rules
safety reviews
TRL3 sensor
Fuel system ?
Water and ice management
Ignition source reduction
Flammability reduction
Conclusion
Agenda
16 © Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Approach
Reference aircraft
Technology developments
17
Criteria:
TRL
Emerging technologies
Safety
Assessment
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18
Non intrusive ultrasonic gauging
No wire in tank
Easy maintenance
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Fibre optic fuel gauge sensor
19
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
15
20
25
30
Time [s]
Ma
xim
um
re
fle
cte
d in
ten
sity [
dB
]
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
Sensor 3
Sensor 4
Sensor 5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
Le
ve
l [m
m]
Time [s]
Measured
Theoretical
Fibre optic connection
Not sensitive to ice
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
20
Pressure based gauging
Reduction of weight
Independent of density
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Achievements
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 21
TRL3
TRL2
TRL3
Fuel system ?
Water and ice management
Ignition source reduction
Flammability reduction
Conclusion
Agenda
22 © Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Requirement:
[O2] < 12%
Inerting concept
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 23
From a baseline:
Normal operation pattern based on worst case
situation
To a new architecture:
- Measurement of [02]
- [O2]-based control
Achievements • Oxygen sensor development
• New system architecture
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 24
TRL3 architecture 15% less bleed consumption
TRL3 / 4 sensor
Fuel system ?
Water and ice management
Ignition source reduction
Flammability reduction
Conclusion
Agenda
25 © Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Conclusion
• Fuel system is progressing towards a new
generation of Safer and lighter solutions
• The understanding of icing phenomena is
leading to design rules
• 13 TRL levels are targeted, 9 already achieved
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium
Visit www.SAFUEL-FP7.eu
© Copyright SAFUEL Consortium 27
• Registration to SAFUEL public forum
Feb 3rd 2016 in Bristol UK
• PU deliverables
Final Technical Report at project end
