The camp david summiT maY 2012

Perspectives fromBarack Obama • David Cameron

Angela Merkel • Stephen Harper

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf • Robert Fauver

Angel Gurría • Dilma Rousseff

Supachai Panitchpakdi • Lars Thunell

José Graziano da Silva • Kanayo F Nwanze

Etharin Cousin • Michel Sidibé • Anthony Lake

Achim Steiner • Maria van der Hoeven

The road to recovery

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The CAMP DAVID SuMMIT MAy 2012

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Contents

Introduction and Leaders’ Perspectives

14 A time of transformation Barack Obama, president, United States of America

18 United for freedom and enterpriseDavid Cameron, prime minister, United Kingdom

24 Cooperation, responsibility, solidarity Angela Merkel, chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany

26 G8: acting together for global prosperity and securityStephen Harper, prime minister, Canada

28 Prospects for the Camp David Summit John Kirton, director, G8 Research Group

30 America’s G8 summitry: back to the futureRobert Fauver, former G7/G8 sherpa, United States

33 Illinois – the place to do businessPat Quinn, governor, State of Illinois

The G8’s Partners – African Opportunity

39 Progress in a democratic LiberiaEllen Johnson Sirleaf, president, Liberia

44 Strengthening political governance for security and stability in Africa Dr Jean Ping, chairperson, African Union Commission

48 Working together to assist Africa’s development effortsDonald Kaberuka, president, African Development Bank Group

Innovation For Economic Growth, Employment and Social Security

53 Fostering growth through innovationAngel Gurría, secretary-general, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

58 The G8’s strategy for global economic growth Robert Fauver, former G7/G8 sherpa, United States

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62 America forges ahead in the new global economy David Hale, chair, David Hale Global Economics and co-editor of What’s Next? Unconventional Wisdom on the Future of the World Economy

66 Generating green growth and jobs in G8 countries Steve Charnovitz, George Washington University Law School

71 The contribution of the private sector to education

Harry Anthony Patrinos, lead education economist, World Bank

76 Innovation and productivity in an age of austerity: a role for ICTs David Crane, journalist

80 Start-ups: more than just a sideshow Jonathan Ortmans, chair, Global Entrepreneurship Congress; president, Global Entrepreneurship Week; senior fellow at the Kauffman Foundation

84 Unlocking the potential for innovation offered by ICTs Jeffrey A Hart, Indiana University, United States

88 Towards stewardship in cyberspace Ron Deibert, director, Citizen Lab and Canada Centre for Global Security Studies, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto, Canada

Development

92 Reaching the Millennium Development Goals with energy Timothy E Wirth, president, United Nations Foundation; member, United Nations secretary-general’s High-Level Group on Sustainable Energy for All

98 Harnessing investment for sustainable development Supachai Panitchpakdi, secretary-general, UN Conference on Trade and Development

102 African infrastructure: foundation for a continent’s growth Lars H Thunell, executive vice president and CEO, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group

106 The role of Asian Development Bank in shaping the continent’s future Haruhiko Kuroda, president, Asia Development Bank

110 Financing democratic change in North AfricaThomas Mirow, president, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

114 The contribution of social businessMuhammad Yunus, Yunus Centre

Food, Nutrition and Agriculture

116 Ensuring the world is fedJosé Graziano da Silva, director general, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

120 Why the farmer should be put first Kanayo F Nwanze, president, International Fund for Agricultural Development

122 Unlocking the power of partnerships for the world’s poor and hungryErtharin Cousin, executive director, World Food Programme

126 Continuing the progress in global food production Donald GM Coxe, chair, Coxe Advisor

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Health

130 Shared values, shared responsibility: G8 and Africa’s response to AIDSMichel Sidibé, executive director, UNAIDS

135 Investing in nutrition security is key to sustainable development Anthony Lake, executive director, UNICEF

142 The ‘O Generation’: tackling the childhood obesity epidemicMirta Roses-Periago, director, Pan American Health Organization

147 Strengthening maternal, newborn and child health: the next stepsJulio Frenk, chair, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health; dean, Harvard School of Public Health

154 More than money: the business contribution to global health Jeffrey L Sturchio, senior partner, Rabin Martin

158 Bolstering brain health makes perfect sense Vladimir Hachinski, president, World Federation of Neurology; chair, Working Group, World Brain Alliance

Energy Security and Climate Change Control

162 Rio offers the chance to look at things differentlyDilma Rousseff, president, Brazil

166 Enhancing energy security: lessons from Germany and Japan Miranda Schreurs, member, German Environment Advisory Council (SRU)

170 Why nuclear energy still has a crucial role to play Victoria V Panova, Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia, MGIMO-University

174 North America as a global oil and gas powerRobert Johnston and Nitzan Goldberger, Eurasia Group

178 Energy security is of crucial importance for the G8Maria van der Hoeven, executive director, International Energy Agency

182 The G8 and great hopes for sustainable energy Dries Lesage, Ghent Institute for International Studies, Ghent University

186 A chance to open up a new front on health, food and climate protection Achim Steiner, United Nations under-secretary general; executive director, United Nations Environment Programme

Peace and Security

192 Ensuring security in the Middle East, northeast Asia and worldwideLee Dong-hwi, Korean National Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of Korea

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194 Building the new Arab world Hisham El Sherif, IT Ventures

197 After the Arab Spring: will leaders lead leaders? Lindsay Lloyd, Freedom Collection, George W Bush Presidential Center, and Christopher Sands, Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute

200 Reaching nuclear global zero: a Japanese view on the G8’s roleMatake Kamiya, National Defence Academy of Japan

204 Finding a middle way to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitionsGraham Allison, director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University’s John F Kennedy School of Government

206 Working to prevent nuclear proliferation in the Gulf David Shorr, The Stanley Foundation

208 Helping Afghanistan to make the transition to peace Omar Samad, senior Afghanistan expert, United States Institute of Peace; former ambassador of Afghanistan to France and Canada

210 G8 action against terrorism and transnational organised crimeAmandine Scherrer, OPIAS Consulting

Accountability, Innovation and Effectiveness

214 The Camp David Summit offers a special opportunityNicholas Bayne, International Relations Department, London School of Economics

216 African accountability on food and development Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane,

president and founder of African Monitor

218 Do G8 summits make a real difference?Marina Larionova, National Research University Higher School of Economics, and Ella Kokotsis, G8 Research Group

220 The open spiral: the ongoing moral commitments of faith leadersThe Reverend Doctor Karen Hamilton, general secretary, Canadian Council of Churches, and the Reverend Bud Heckman, executive director, Religions for Peace – USA

222 The G8-BRICS relationship: moving from competitive avoidance to cooperative engagement Andrew F Cooper, University of Waterloo/Balsillie School of International Affairs; distinguished fellow, the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Canada

224 Leaders’ profiles

226 Sponsors’ index

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health

W hen the G8 leaders gather at the US presidential retreat of Camp David in May, it will mark their third summit

since the 2010 Canadian Summit, where the historic $5 billion Muskoka Initiative on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) was launched.

Last year, during the G8 Deauville Summit in France, I referred to Muskoka

Strengthening maternal, newborn and child health: the next steps

How G8 leaders can strengthen global commitment to worldwide health goals and improve the chances of those most vulnerable to preventable disease

By Julio Frenk, chair, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health; dean, Harvard School of Public Health

as ‘a game-changer in terms of donor commitments’ to save the lives and improve the health of pregnant women, newborns and children under five – the three groups most vulnerable to preventable disease.

The Deauville Summit focused on the accountability of these commitments, which is critically important to ensure that the necessary momentum and progress are maintained. It took place at the same time as the Commission on Information and

Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health was completing its work. The 10 clear recommendations and 11 related indicators that came out of the commission will allow progress to be tracked year by year, alongside the G8’s accountability process.

How can the G8 leaders at Camp David continue to play a leadership role on the three health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)? There are several opportunities that could help maintain the high bar set by the leaders in Muskoka for achieving the MDGs, as well as other global health goals.

First, there is a need to strengthen the growing global movement for women’s and children’s health catalysed by the Muskoka Initiative and by the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health, which was launched by United Nations secretary-general Ban Ki-moon. Global health is about recognising the interlinked nature of health challenges across the globe. Those who fall outside current systems must be able to share

The direct global cost of child malnutrition has been put at between $20 billion and $40 billion each year

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barrier to sustainable economic growth and development must be recognised. Malnutrition leads to losses in gross domestic product by poor countries of as much as three per cent each year. Adults affected by malnutrition earn almost 20 per cent less than their non-affected counterparts. It is estimated that the direct global cost of child malnutrition is between $20 billion and $40 billion each year.

Health means wealthEveryone recognises that the health of populations contributes to the wealth of nations. But there must be a commitment to strategies that acknowledge that fact.

Finally, there is a need for greater accountability. When the MDGs were adopted in 2000, it marked the first time in UN history that every country in the world accepted accountability on a set of mutually agreed goals, targets and measures. In 2010, the Muskoka Initiative set clear goals for MNCH with an accountability framework. Moreover, accountability is one of the pillars of the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health. This will help produce lessons for other areas of global health and development.

In March, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health joined with three other leading global health partnerships

– the GAVI Alliance, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative – to send an open letter to G8 leaders asking for the inclusion of a specific statement of commitment for global health in the 2012 G8 Camp David Declaration and Accountability Report. The request was worded as follows:

‘We acknowledge the need for continuing efforts to improve the health of women and children, especially in least-developed countries. Through the continued implementation of our Muskoka Initiative, we stand behind our commitment to Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, and urge greater accountability and action through the full implementation of recommendations by the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health in support of the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health, launched by the UN secretary-general in 2010. This includes addressing key needs, such as more support for family planning, as well as greater food security and better nutrition for pregnant women and children.’

the benefits of available resources, including knowledge. The Every Woman, Every Child initiative, a campaign accompanying the Global Strategy, continues to galvanise new commitments and, importantly, to focus on concrete action in this area.

Second, health priorities and strategies must be integrated to maximise efficiency and impact. The global community tends to fragment the health and development agendas as if they are unconnected, competing priorities. On the contrary: they are deeply connected, especially from the perspective of the women and their families who are affected by them every day. For instance:

One in every five maternal deaths •is related to HIV;Malaria is one of the leading causes •of child mortality;Nutrition and non-communicable diseases •(NCDs) are closely interlinked with women’s and children’s health and with socioeconomic development.

This integration is required not only within the health sector, but also across other development sectors, through improving access to women’s education, clean water and sanitation, through promoting food security and sustainable development and through ensuring participation in labour markets.

Third, the case must be made that women’s and children’s health is not merely an expense. It is an investment that contributes to future economic growth and sustainable development. Examples include:

A background study to the Commission •on Macroeconomics and Health found that as much as 50 per cent of East Asia’s impressive growth from 1965 to 1990 could be attributed to reduced infant and child mortality, lower fertility rates and improved reproductive health;A study by the US Agency for •International Development (USAID) found that maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity lead to $15 billion in lost productivity every year;Reducing malnutrition can increase •an individual’s lifetime earnings by up to 10 per cent, and well-nourished children are less susceptible to disease and illness, thus lowering healthcare costs.

The importance of addressing malnutrition as a determinant of health, a marker of social inequities and an underlying

The importance of addressing malnutrition as a determinant of health, a marker of social inequities and a barrier to sustainable economic development must be recognised

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Maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity lead to $15 billion in lost productivity every year, according to the US Agency for International Development

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