The Road to American Independence:

An Overview of the Events Leading to the

Revolutionary War

Colonies were divided into 3 regions1. New England – NH, MA, RI, CT2. Middle Colonies – NY, PA,NJ, MD, Del.3. Southern Colonies – VA,NC, SC, GA

13 Colonies• __________Colonies – mostly came for

__________freedom (Pilgrims/Puritans)• Economy was based on________, lumbering, and

______________• ______Colonies – More of a mix coming for

religious freedom and __________opportunities – more diverse backgrounds

Economy was based on ________and ______(Furs)____________ Colonies – mostly came for

economic opportunitiesEconomy was based on agriculture –

_______,_______, Rice, Indigo

Slavery• Much more widely used in the _________colonies

– mid 1600’s to 1865• Between 1517 and 1808, over ___________

people are taken from _____ Africa. _____did not survive to reach America

• Slaves were viewed as necessary for the South’s agricultural economy.

• ________Trade – three-part voyage• 1. Europe to _______– guns, textiles,

_____________goods• 2. Africa to ________–_______Passage – slaves

to America - 6 to 8 weeks• 3. America to Europe – sugar, tobacco, cotton etc.

North Carolina• Created in 1663 by ________II – named after his

father, Charles I• _________________– 8 men who were rewarded

for their loyalty to Charles• ______– splits into North and South Carolina• _______– becomes a ______colony under direct

control of the King• Original economy –________and lumber/_______

products – most people are small farmers (________)

• Original settlers – English,________,___________, Scotch-Irish

Early Problems in North Carolina• 1677 –___________Rebellion – NC refused

to enforce the ____________Acts • ______– NC’s first town - 1706• 1700’s – NC’s coast was a prime hiding

spot for _________– ___________• Colonists began to have more conflicts with

Native Americans• 1711 –____________War – lasts for two

years, Indians upset over colonists taking their land

• Beginning in the late 1600’s – ______ and _______ competed for control of ______ ________ – Most ______ sided with ______ – series of _____ for control

• ______ believed that _______ were trying to take away their ____ trade

• _______ believed that the ________ were stopping their ___________ _______

• ______ and ______ War – 1754-1763 – _______ wins

• Treaty of ______ – 1763 – peace treaty ending the war

• 1. _______ lose all of their North American territories

• 2. ________ controls everything _____ of the Mississippi – ______ controls everything west

• Afterwards, English colonists (pioneers) begin expanding _____ into the ______________ and _____ River Valley - backcountry

• Conflicts with Native Americans – Indians did not believe European treaties applied to them – would not give up land – __________ Rebellion - 1763

• ______________ of 1763 – British government wanted to avoid future __________

• 1. Banned British settlers from moving ______ of the Appalachians

• 2. Any _________ already there had to move back• Caused great ______ in the colonies and was widely

________• These conflicts left the British in ___________

difficulty, looking for new ways to pay these ______

The Colonies develop…in spite of England

• Mercantilism– The colony existed for the

__________ benefit of the mother country

– All ______ _______ were dictated by the mother country

– ____ ______________ were for the sole benefit of the mother country

– ___________ _______ were returned to the colonies and sold at a great profit.

– An early version of ________________

• Salutary Neglect– England imposed little,

to no _____________, over the colonies.

– Mercantilism satisfied England’s needs

– Over time, colonists became less __________ and more ______________

MERCANTILISM: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE

MERCANTILISM

• England had many ______ from French and Indian War – believed that the __________ should help pay for these

• _____________ _____ – 1650-1696 – required colonies to ______ primarily with _________

• Set _____ on some __________ goods for the first time

Sugar Act 1764• British needed ______ to pay

back war ______.• George ___________ – British

Prime Minister• _____ cent tax on foreign

_______.• Higher import tax on non-

British ______, _______, indigo, and Madeira Canary _______.

• Resulted in…– Banning of ________________

of foreign rum and French wine

– Local production _____________.

– Colonies begin to __________ British ____________.

– Increased ______________

No Taxation Without Representation

• James ______/Sam ________ – first colonial leaders to ________ out against British ______

• _____________ could not ____ the colonies since the colonies had no _________________ in it. This was ______.

• _______________ of ___________________ – spread ______ about British ___ and how to _____ them – ________ - not using a particular good or service

Quartering Act 1765• England kept a

standing ______ in the Colonies after the French and Indian War.

• Act required colonial assemblies to ________ and ___________ the British soldiers.

Stamp Act 1765• Americans had to pay a

tax on… • ________• Legal ___________• _________________• Playing Cards• Other Documents• Americans had to buy

the special _______ to put on these

• Tax equaled _____ a ________

• Resulted in…• Stamp Act _________

– asked England to ________ Stamp Act – (take back or end)

• Colonists’ ___________ of British ______.

• King George III __________ the Stamp Act on March 18, ______

• ______ of _________ – secret ________ group created in _______ – used _________ to protest British acts – created by ____ ________

• Colonists were never asked to pay any taxes that people in _________ were not paying

Townshend Acts 1767• Established a board of

customs collectors in Boston.• ______ of _____________ –

search __________ for ___________ goods

• Money from taxes paid salaries of British colonial officials.

• New import taxes…– _______– Lead– _________– Paper– ______

• Colonists boycotted all ___________ from England.

• Daughters of Liberty

• March, 1770, British repealed all taxes, expect for tax on tea.

The Regulators• __________NC was increasingly unhappy

with all political power being held by __________NC – corruption/Embezzlement

• ________Palace – _____________________

• ____________– Westerners who refused to pay taxes or follow state government’s laws

• Herman _______________• Battle of __________– May 16, 1770 –

Regulators lose

Boston Massacre

• Sons of Liberty began attacking ____ ________ – British ________ begin arriving in _____ in ____ to restore order

• ________ ___________ – March 5, ____ – five colonists are killed by British soldiers (Crispus Attucks – free black)

• Sons of Liberty used this as _______________ (only telling one side of the story) against British

• _____ ________ defended the British in court case

• All but _____ British soldiers found ____ _________ – the two get light punishments

Tea Act 1773• Created to save the

ailing ______ ________ _____________.

• The Company could sell its _________ ___ in the American colonies.

• The act retained the import tax on tea (Townshend Acts).

• _ _________ per pound

• This Tax resulted in the _______ ___ _______.

The Boston Tea Party – First One - December 16,

1773• Group of men disguised as Blacks and _______ Indians.

• Led by Samuel Adams.• Dumped ____ chests of

British ____ into the Boston Harbor.

• March 17, 1774 – Second Boston Tea Party – cost between the two was over __ ________ dollars.

• ____________ Acts – 1774 – shut down Boston

• Disbanded Massachusetts ____________• Put Massachusetts under __________ rule• – made colonists even angrier since it

_________ their ______ as ________ citizens

• Proposed total boycott of British goods – (refusal to buy or use)

• ___________ Tea Party – Penelope __________

INTOLERABLE ACTS (COERCIVE ACTS)

“No Taxation Without Representation!”

First Continental Congress Meets in

Philadelphia September 1774