The rise of DictatorsThe rise of DictatorsMain ideasMain ideas

1.1. Global depression during the Global depression during the 1930s led to the rise of 1930s led to the rise of

dictators in Europe and Asia. dictators in Europe and Asia. 2.2. The rise of dictators was one The rise of dictators was one

of the causes of WWII.of the causes of WWII.

VocabularyVocabulary

Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State: Government in : Government in which a one party dictatorship which a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ regulates every aspect of citizens’ liveslives..

DictatorDictator: Ruler who has complete : Ruler who has complete control over a government.control over a government.

FascismFascism: A political regime where a : A political regime where a military dominated government military dominated government controls all aspects of society. controls all aspects of society.

Adolf Hitler - GermanyAdolf Hitler - Germany

Became Chancellor Became Chancellor of Germany in 1932 of Germany in 1932 by promising to by promising to restore Germany to restore Germany to greatness.greatness.

Founded the Nazi Founded the Nazi Party.Party.

Set up a totalitarian Set up a totalitarian and a Fascist and a Fascist government.government.

Hitler’s PoliciesHitler’s Policies1.1. Anti Semitism – Hatred of the Jewish Anti Semitism – Hatred of the Jewish

peoplepeople- Prohibited Jews and non Nazis from - Prohibited Jews and non Nazis from

holding government jobsholding government jobs- Nuremberg Laws – 1935Nuremberg Laws – 1935

- Kristallnacht – 1938Kristallnacht – 19382.2. Began to build up the German Began to build up the German

military, which was a violation of military, which was a violation of the Treaty of Versaillesthe Treaty of Versailles..

3.3. Began territorial expansion in 1936 Began territorial expansion in 1936 by invading Rhineland.by invading Rhineland.

Joseph Stalin - RussiaJoseph Stalin - Russia

1. 1. Became a Became a leader in the leader in the 1920s1920s. .

Set up a Set up a Communist Communist and a and a Totalitarian Totalitarian government.government.

Stalin’s PoliciesStalin’s Policies

1. Used the Red Army to crush the 1. Used the Red Army to crush the opposition.opposition.

2. Sent opponents to labor camps.2. Sent opponents to labor camps. 3. Signed a non aggression pact with 3. Signed a non aggression pact with

Germany in 1939.Germany in 1939.

Hideki Tojo- JapanHideki Tojo- Japan

Became the Prime Became the Prime Minister of Japan in Minister of Japan in 1941.1941.

Was committed to Was committed to his nation’s his nation’s expansion in the expansion in the Pacific. Pacific.

Set up a totalitarian Set up a totalitarian governmentgovernment

Policies of Japan’s military Policies of Japan’s military leadersleaders

Wanted Japan to be less dependent on foreign Wanted Japan to be less dependent on foreign imports.imports.

Planned to gain control over territories producing Planned to gain control over territories producing iron, rubber, and timber.iron, rubber, and timber.

1931 – Japan attacked Manchuria1931 – Japan attacked Manchuria 1935 – Japan begins military buildup1935 – Japan begins military buildup 1937 – full fledged war between Japan and China1937 – full fledged war between Japan and China Tojo was the most powerful government leader in Tojo was the most powerful government leader in

Japan during WWII and approved the attack on Japan during WWII and approved the attack on Pearl Harbor as well as attacks in China, South Pearl Harbor as well as attacks in China, South East Asia and the Pacific. East Asia and the Pacific.

Francisco Franco - SpainFrancisco Franco - Spain

Became a dictator Became a dictator of Spain in 1936 of Spain in 1936 with the help of with the help of Hitler and Hitler and Mussolini.Mussolini.

Set up a Set up a totalitarian and a totalitarian and a Fascist government Fascist government in Spain.in Spain.

Benito Mussolini - ItalyBenito Mussolini - Italy

Established the Fascist Established the Fascist Party in 1921.Party in 1921.

Marched on Rome Marched on Rome with his followers. with his followers. Government officials, Government officials, the Army and the the Army and the Police force sided with Police force sided with him….so the Italian him….so the Italian King stepped down King stepped down and appointed and appointed Mussolini the head of Mussolini the head of the Government.the Government.

Mussolini’s PoliciesMussolini’s Policies

Began allying Italy with Germany.Began allying Italy with Germany. Limited freedom of speech, arrested Limited freedom of speech, arrested

political opponents and restricted political opponents and restricted voting rights. voting rights.

Pledged to make Italy an imperial Pledged to make Italy an imperial power. power.

Invaded Ethiopia in 1935.Invaded Ethiopia in 1935.

Why did people support Why did people support dictators?dictators?

Promise of growth and greatnessPromise of growth and greatness Pride of NationalismPride of Nationalism Global depressionGlobal depression The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles

and the reparations ruined the German and the reparations ruined the German economy. Hitler’s promises to restore economy. Hitler’s promises to restore Germany to greatness appealed to manyGermany to greatness appealed to many

Because of economic problems many Because of economic problems many people were more inclined to support people were more inclined to support strong leaders. strong leaders.

What made them dictators?What made them dictators?

Authoritarian RuleAuthoritarian Rule

Desire for expansionDesire for expansion

Totalitarian governmentTotalitarian government

Causes of WWIICauses of WWII

1. Rise of Dictators1. Rise of Dictators

2. Failure of the policy of 2. Failure of the policy of AppeasementAppeasement

What’s appeasement?What’s appeasement?

Giving in to the Giving in to the aggressor in aggressor in hopes that he will hopes that he will back away. back away.

3. Failure of Collective 3. Failure of Collective SecuritySecurity

Kellogg Briand Pact – signed by 62 Kellogg Briand Pact – signed by 62 countries.countries.

Outlawed war as an instrument of Outlawed war as an instrument of national policy.national policy.

Lacked enforcement mechanism. Lacked enforcement mechanism. Gave everyone a false sense of Gave everyone a false sense of securitysecurity

Nonaggression Pact between Nonaggression Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany the Soviet Union and Germany

- appeasement- appeasement

4. Failures of the Treaty of 4. Failures of the Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

The Treaty of Versailles was flawed in The Treaty of Versailles was flawed in that its major purpose was to punish that its major purpose was to punish Germany.Germany.

Germany lost land, had to disarm and Germany lost land, had to disarm and was ordered to pay $33 billion in was ordered to pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allied powers.reparations to the Allied powers.

RESULT? Germany’s economy suffered, RESULT? Germany’s economy suffered, allowed Hitler to come to power.allowed Hitler to come to power.

German kids playing with German kids playing with moneymoney

Immediate cause of WWIIImmediate cause of WWII

Hitler’s invasion of Poland in Hitler’s invasion of Poland in September of 1939.September of 1939.