Rise of the Axis Dictators

World War II

Germany lost much of its territory and all of its colonies.

Germans being fed by Quakers stationed in Germany.

Much of Germany was destroyed in World War I.

Military Occupation of Germany after World War I

Allied troops removing the military machines of the German Army.

Germany sustained hundreds of thousands of casualties.

Key Vocabulary

• Totalitarian = total gov’t control over a nation.

• Fascism = philosophy of gov’t that is a glorification of the state and supreme authority of the leader.

• Appeasement = giving in to a competitor’s demands.

Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

• When Lenin died in 1924, Stalin became leader in the Soviet Union (formerly Russia).

• He quickly sought to modernize agriculture and build new industries under his communist regime.

Stalin (cont.)• Stalin forced farmers to

join together under state-run collective farms, killing those who did not join.

• Stalin forced millions of rural Russians to the cities to work in factories, turning the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power.

Stalin’s Reign of Terror• Stalin “purged”

disloyal Russians from his government, beginning in 1934.

• 7 million were arrested. 1 million were executed after having “show trials,” where the only verdict to give out was ‘guilty.’

Statue of purged victims.

Reflection Question 1

•Why was Stalin considered a totalitarian dictator?

Fascism in Italy

• Italian WWI veteran Benito Moussilini was angered that Italy did not get more land in the Treaty of Versailles.

• So he formed his own political party, called the fascists.

Moussolini (cont.)• He suspended

elections, outlawed political parties, and became dictator over Italy.

• While he improved Italy’s economy, he sought an empire.

• Invaded Ethiopia in 1935; took over in 1936.

Reflection Question 2

•Why was Mussolini considered a totalitarian dictator?

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• Austrian painter and WWI veteran Adolf Hitler was also upset by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

• In 1919, he formed a small group called the National Socialist Worker’s Party, or Nazi Party.

Hitler (cont.)• Nazism is like fascism

that stresses German nationalism and racial superiority.

• Hitler promoted the creation of the Aryan nation – men and women with blond hair and blue eyes.

• Hitler had neither.

Hitler (cont.)

• In November, 1923, Hitler and some 3,000 followers attempted to overthrow the German gov’t. He was captured and sent to prison.

• In prison, he wrote Mein Kampf (“my struggle”), a book about his views of Germany’s problems, and his vision for how to fix them.

Hitler blames the Jews

• Hitler, in Mein Kampf, said that it was the Jew’s fault for losing WWI for Germany, and that they now possessed all of the wealth in Germany, not sharing any with the rest of the country.

Hitler becomes Chancellor• In 1930, the Nazi

Party became the largest group in the German Congress.

• Hitler was made chancellor, or head of the German gov’t.

• He soon suspended freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

Reflection Question 3

•Why was Hitler considered a totalitarian dictator?

Japan Empire/Culture• Japan ruled by one

Emperor

• Surrender is Dishonorable

Japanese soldiers who surrendered were punished for not putting up a fight

Kamakaziee Pilots• Kamakaziee Pilots• Japanese placed

fighter pilots on suicide missions

• Final solution from surrendering.

• Reward for Kamak was that Emperor bowed were they were worshiped.

Kamakaziee Cont.

• Many of Kamak were young college grads

• Felt they were preserving their Japanese Culture

• Saving their Family from U.S. domination

Japanese Culture impact on U.S.

• Mind set of Japanese fighters affected U.S. soldiers very much

• Many U.S. soldiers believed when they invaded Japan “They were considered dead”

• Affected U.S. citizens at home also. (Japanese Internment Camps)

Japanese Internment Camps in U.S.

Decision to Drop the Bomb• Pres Truman felt

bomb was necessary cause of so many U.S. casualties

• (Japan Culture) refusal to surrender

• Nazi surrender was unconditional, U.S. officials felt Jap should be same.

Bombing images

Reflection Ques

• Who were Kamakaziee’s? What were they known for?

• How did Japanese Culture impact the U.S. and its military?

Quiz for Next Week Jim Crow & WWII Era’s

• Jim Crow Era• Provide 2 examples of Jim Crow Laws. • Jim Crow Culture (Billie Holiday, Langston

Hughes• Org during Jim Crow Era (+ or -)• Japanese-Internment

WW II Era Quiz

• Axis and Allied Powers (Name 2 count of each)

• Name 2 Dictators and their countries• Bracero Program• WWII propaganda Images• Double Victory (AA & other minorities)• AA and Chicanos exp in WWII (Article on

Monday)

Germany Rearmed

• One of Hitler’s first moves was to rearm its military.

• Germans began to rebuild Germany’s infrastructure, including the first national highway system, called the autobahn.

• Hitler also made a secret agreement with Stalin to build weapons of war in the Soviet Union. Hitler was preparing to find lebensraum, or living space (an empire).

Germany creates Lebensraum

• On March 7, 1936, Germany invaded the Rhineland, a region in Western Germany.

• Both Britain and France were unprepared to repel Germany, so they practiced appeasement, hoping Hitler would not push further into Allied territories.

• Unfortunately, Germany pushed further, into Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.

• War was near…

The Formation of the Axis

• In 1936, Germany and Italy agreed to form an alliance, calling themselves the Axis powers.

• Japan will later join them.

Bellringer Question:

•How do you think Germans were feeling following the Treaty of Versailles? Explain.

Moussolini (cont.)

• Il Duce (“the leader”), as he was called, used gangs and terror tactics to keep the people of Italy in support of fascists.

• The King of Italy appointed Moussolini Prime Minister our of fear.