The Rise of Cities

& Civilization

s

Mr. Ott @ BETA

Aim: How do civilizations develop?

Do Now: What caused civilizations to develop in the Neolithic Revolution?

What are the Four (4) Social Studies Categories

Geography: Where is it? Is the land mountainous?

Desert? Isolated by Geographic Features? Political: Government -- Who controls what? What

type of government is there? Anything to do with laws or war.

Economic: Trade -- What type of economy? How do

people make a living? It is NOT money! Social:

Society & Culture – Religious, Art, Traditions, Social Class

The Start of Ancient CivilizationWe begin at about 9,000 years ago when village life began in the New Stone Age. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.

NEW STONE

What is the REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY new way of living

From: Hunter-Gatherers Agriculture

& Herding to

The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.

Agriculture (Farming)

Growth of Cities

Division of Labor (Job Specialization)

Trade

Writing and Mathematics

Government

Surplus

Laws = Civilization

Extensive and dense population People not involved in food production Monumental public buildings Ruling class living off surplus Systems of recording Exact & predictive sciences (e.g. geometry) Full-time craft specialists Long distance trade State organization based on residence rather than kingship

What traits are necessary in order for a society to be a civilization?

(Surplus/Specialization)

(Specialization) (Government/Religion)

(Government/Surplus)

(Writing)

(Specialization) (Specialization)

(Specialization/Surplus)

(Government)

Geography of MesopotamiaWhat does Mesopotamia mean?

The Land Between the Two (2) Rivers

Tigris River

1.

Euphrates River

2.

What are the names of these two rivers?

What is another name for the Area Around Mesopotamia?

The Fertile Crescent

Why would we call it that?Because it is shaped like a quarter moon and the land is able to be farmed over and over. (Green Area)

What is a Plateau? An area of elevated flat land.

Flood Plain

2. The Two Rivers form and run over the Elevated Flat Land

3. The Rivers flow and flood the low land making the land fertile for planting crops

Persian Gulf4. The

Two RiversEmpty into the Persian Gulf

The paths of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. This creates Mesopotamia and rich farming land.

Can you name the current modern country Mesopotamia is located in?

Plateau

Taurus Mountains(In Present Day Turkey)

1. Water from the melting snow rushes to the valley below.

IRAQ

From Rivers to Fields

Silt

Silt flows down Tigris & Euphrates

Deposits mostly down near Persian Gulf (Southern Mesopotamia)

Droughts

Not much Rain

Flood at Harvest

Time not at Growing Time

Irrigation

Create Canals and Artificial Lakes

Controlled Water for use when needed

March 16, 2005

February 7, 2005

Satellite Image of the Tigris River Before & After Flooding

Iraq, 2005

Tigris River

Tigris River

Before Flooding

After Flooding

Do you think the

rivers flood today?

Mesopotamia Civilizations

Sumerian City States

SumerWhat is a city-state?

A self-governing city which also governs surrounding villages.

Eridu

Most important city-states were: Ur, Uruk, Eridu

Sumer• City-States c. 3000 BC

• Same time as Menes unified Egypt

• Sometimes fought for control of neighboring city-states

Architecture (building) - ZigguratLocated in center of cities, large, towering mud-brick building.

Had a temple at the top, for religious purposes.

WritingCuneiform – System of writing invented in Sumer.

Used for record keeping, laws, stories, instructions, riddles, proverbs, education, math, and science.

Scribes – Mostly Boys, but some girls (rare)

City LifeHuge city gates, with large walls.Often went to war with other city-states, for resources such as river water.

Food brought to cities by area farmers

ReligionCity revolved around temple & religion.

Food brought to feed temple god and priests and King.

Each city-state worshiped a different god or goddess. Polytheism (many gods)(Ishtar – Love & War or Enki – Water)

Hammurabi of Babylon (1790-1752 BC) was able to create a unified kingdom over all of southern Mesopotamia

What arecodes of law?It is a written set of laws that apply to everyone under a government.

The United States

ConstitutionWhat is the main code of law of the United States?

Code of Hammurabi

• Discovered in 1901 in Susa

• Pillar with over 200 laws• One of the oldest code of

laws. (4,000 years old)• Showed Slavery existed in

Babylonia.• Not everyone was treated

the same. Different laws for different groups of people.

Why?

Land of the Pharaohs Egyptian Civilization

AIM: What were the major contributions of Ancient Egypt?

GEOGRAPHY

Ancient Egypt

Where in the world is Egypt?

Continent: Africa

Location: Northeast Corner

What is Egypt’s most visible & Important Geographic feature?

It is also the lifeblood of Egypt.

Why?

By looking at the map which way do you think the Nile river flows?

(From what direction to what direction?)

Lower Egypt

Upper Egypt

Fro

m S

ou

th t

o

Nort

h

The Egypt is divided into two (2) parts.

What are they called?

Lower Egypt

Upper Egypt1. _____________

2. _____________

Where on the map are they located?

The rulers of Lower & Upper Egypt had crowns to wear.

Why would a ruler wear both crowns at the same time?

What is the wide part of the Nile River called?

GREEK LETTER

DELTA The letter for our “D”

Why do you think we call it a delta?

Because the Nile flows into the Mediterranean

Sea it dumps this into the

Nile Delta?

SiltA tiny mixture of soil and rock.

How do you think the Ancient

Egyptian Farmer

watered their fields?

What technology was used?

The watering of land by canals or pipes.irrigation

What is a Pharaoh?

What is unification?Joining of separate parts into one

A ruler of Egypt

Name some ways a Pharaoh could

unify Egypt?

Life Under Pharaoh G

overnment

Religion

Economy

Domestication Agriculture – Farming Surplus Specialization Trade

Child of Sun God RaHe Gives Life to Egypt

Administration, Taxes, Judges

Slaves

PharaohGovernment

OfficialsSoldiers

Scribes

Merchants

ArtisansFarmers

AIM: What contributions did Ancient Indian Civilization have?

Subcontinent A large land mass

geographically separated from the rest of the continent.

India is a subcontinent, separated from Asia by Himalaya Mountains.

monsoon seasonal winds

that bring rainIndus Valley

farmers depended on the rains to irrigate their land

Sophisticated urban centers

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Dynamic trade state - trade with Mesopotamia and China

Monsoons

Civilization Develops

Cities very sophisticated with advanced sewage systems & city grid system street planning

Decline due to• Degradation of

the ecosystem• Migration of

nomadic Aryans• Political collapse