The Rise of Cities The Rise of Cities and River Valley and River Valley

CivilizationsCivilizations

Mr. OttMr. Ott@ BETA@ BETA

Aim: How do civilizations develop?

Do Now: What caused civilizations to develop in the Neolithic Revolution?

The Start of Ancient The Start of Ancient CivilizationCivilizationWe begin at about 9,000 BCwhen village life began in the New Stone Age. . . Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.

NEW STONE AGE

What is the What is the REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION?? A A TOTALLYTOTALLY new way of living new way of living

From:From:

Hunter-Gatherers Agriculture & Herding

to

The invention of Agriculture The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.changed the way people lived.

Agriculture (Farming)Agriculture (Farming)

Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities

Division of Labor Division of Labor (Specialization)(Specialization)

TradeTrade

Writing and MathematicsWriting and Mathematics

Surplus

GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY influenced the influenced the development of river valley civilizations.development of river valley civilizations.

Trait List for Cities

• extensive and dense population• people not involved in food production• deity or divine king to concentrate surpluses• monumental public buildings• ruling class living off surpluses• systems of recording• exact & predictive sciences (e.g. geometry)• full-time craft specialists• long distance trade• state organization based on residence rather than kinship

Early River Valley CivilizationsEarly River Valley Civilizations

• Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates unpredictable• No natural barriers• Limited natural resources for making tools or buildings

EnvironmentEnvironment

SumerSumer

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

EgyptEgypt

Indus Indus ValleyValley

ChinaChina

• Flooding of the Nile predictable• Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s villages• Deserts were natural barriers

• Indus flooding unpredictable• Monsoon winds• Mountains, deserts were natural barriers

• Huang He flooding unpredictable• Mountains, deserts natural barriers• Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations