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The Revolution for the Rest of Us George Musser 6 October 2006. Zooming Out. Source: Millennium Simulation (http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/). Zooming Out. Source: Millennium Simulation (http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/). The (Very) Big Picture. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Revolution for the Rest of UsGeorge Musser6 October 2006
Zooming OutSource: Millennium Simulation (http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/)
Zooming OutSource: Millennium Simulation (http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/)
The (Very) Big Picture
Our Lineage
Cosmic Lineage
Expansion of Space
Thinning Out
Formation of Coherent Bodies
The Revolution
Four Pillars of Big Bang TheoryGalaxy recession (expansion of space)Cosmic microwave background radiationAbundance of light chemical elementsArrangement of galaxies
Pillar #1: Expansion RateSources: Sandage, ApJ 307:1 (1986); de Vaucouleurs, PNAS 90:4811 (1993)Is It Slow?Or Fast?H0=55 km/s/MpcH0=86 km/s/Mpc
Resolving the DisputeSource: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)
Resolving the DisputeSource: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)
Past Expansion Rate
Past Expansion RateSource: Saul Perlmutter, Physics Today, April 2003
Decelerating
DeceleratingAccelerating
Pillar #2: Afterglow
Source: WMAP Science Team (http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_or/mr_media2.html)COBE resolutionSize of observable universe at 400,000 yr
Lots of SpotsSource: http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/wmap3.htmlVentiGrandeTall
Pillar #3: NucleosynthesisSource: 2006 Particle Data Book (http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/reviews/bigbangnucrpp.pdf)
Pillar #4: Large-Scale StructureAdapted from Gott et al. (astro-ph/0310571)
Master Power SpectrumSource: Max Tegmark (http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/sdss.html)
Spots RepriseSource: Eisenstein et al., ApJ 633:560 (2005)
Concordance ModelHow much stuff is there?What kinds of stuff?What is it doing?
How Much Stuff?The Omega ProblemCluster 0024+1645Theorists: = 1Observers: ~ 0.3Source: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/10/image/a
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0.930.10672358590.5181347150.906344410911.09235352531.44927536231.8691588785
0.940.10570824520.51546391750.905432595611.09343936381.45631067961.8867924528
0.950.10471204190.51282051280.904522613111.09452736321.46341463411.9047619048
0.960.10373443980.51020408160.903614457811.09561752991.47058823531.9230769231
0.970.10277492290.50761421320.902708124411.09670987041.47783251231.9417475728
0.980.10183299390.50505050510.901803607211.09780439121.48514851491.9607843137
0.990.10090817360.50251256280.900900900911.09890109891.49253731341.9801980198
10.10.50.911.11.52
Sheet1
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0.5
0.9
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Relative Size of Universe
Sheet2
Sheet3
Settling the Omega DisputeSource: Tegmark et al. (astro-ph/0608632)
What Kinds of Stuff?Source: Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 2001
Radiation Era and Matter Era
Overall CompositionSource: Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 2001
Dark Matter Is Boring. Good!Radiation EraMatter EraAtoms formDark matterOrdinary matterAdapted from slide by Seb Oliver (http://astronomy.sussex.ac.uk/~sjo/teach/dist2003/lecture19-lss/lecture19.ppt)Density contrast60 kyr400 kyr
Without DM, Galaxies Are ToastSource: Max Tegmark (http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/movies_60dpi/fb_movie.html)28% dark, 3% ordinary19%, 12%16%, 16%0%, 30%
Source: Sean Carroll (http://cosmicvariance.com/wp-images/dmmotivator_01.jpg)
Overall CompositionSource: Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 2001
The Dark Energy Era
Cosmic ErasRadiation EraMatter EraDark Energy Era
Cosmic ErasInflation EraRadiation EraMatter EraDark Energy Era
Structure FormationSource: Andrey Kravtsov (http://cosmicweb.uchicago.edu/filaments.html)Scale: 140 Mlyr
Summary So FarPrecision observationsTidy end to old debatesDark energy given a catchy nameBut Is It Really a Revolution?Same model (big bang + inflation)Same theoretical basis (relativity)Same types of observations (pillars)
Whats the Cultural Impact?From Entretiens sur la pluralit des mondes, Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, 1686
Cosmology Fundamental Physics Mysteries The Great Big Particle Accelerator in the Sky
Cosmology Fundamental Physics Mysteries The Great Big Particle Accelerator in the Sky The Great Big Microscope in the Sky
The Tree of Physics
Hierarchy of Scaleaka The devil isnt in the details.
Holographic Principle
Possibility vs. Actualityaka What can be, is. (Or is it?)
The Oddities of an Infinite (or Very Large) Space
What do the laws of physics require, and what do they simply allow?What is mandated, and what is happenstance?What does happenstance mean, anyway?If everything that is possible doesnt happen, then what makes the choice?
Cosmic Coincidence
The Best May Be Yet to Come!Whole new particle families (Large Hadron Collider)Evidence for extra dimensions (LHC)Signals from before the big bang (Planck satellite, gravitational-wave observatories)Evidence that spacetime is discrete (gamma-ray dispersion, interferometer fluctuations)Detection of dark matter (particle detectors)Tests of multiverse concept (galaxy observations, quantum unitarity experiments)
Bullet Cluster Slides
Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlOptical (galaxies)
Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlOptical (galaxies)X-Ray (gas)
Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlX-Ray (gas)
Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlX-Ray (gas)Lensing (mass)
Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlX-Ray (gas)Lensing (mass)
Old Expansion Slides
Sources: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)Current expansion rate
Sources: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)Current expansion rate
Sources: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0002376); Ned Wright (http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/sne_cosmology.html)Past expansion rateCurrent expansion rateBest fit
MP4 movieMP4 movie