THE REPORTED SPEECH

Direct Speech gives the exact words someone said. We use inverted commas in Direct Speech. e.g. "It's a nice day," he

said.Reported Speech gives the exact meaning of what some-one

said but not the exact words. We do not use inverted commas in Reported Speech. e.g. He said it was a nice day.

REPORTED STATEMENTS

• They are usually introduced with say (that) or tell (that). a) “It is hot in here”, she said.- she said it was hot there. - B) “I saw you with Ana”, She told me. - she told me she saw me / had seen me with Ana.

• Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to context:" I really love you”, she told me. _ She told me she really loved me.

TENSES CHANGE WHEN…

Present simple Past simple

Present continuous Past continuous

Simple past / present perfect Past perfect

Past continuous / present perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous

Future simple Would + bare infinitive

Future continuous Would + be + ing.

Past perfect and past perfect continuous

No change

TENSES DO NOT CHANGE WHEN

• If there is a time clause in the reported sentence.• When the reporting verbs: say, tell, etc. Is in present, future or

present perfect.• When the speakers expresses general truths, permanent states or

conditions• In type 2, type 3 conditionals, in wishes or unreal past. • When reporting up to date events (Things immediately said)

REPORTED QUESTIONS

• They are introduced by: ask, wonder, inquire, want to know etc

• Affirmative word order is used.

• We use (if) to report a question introduced with an auxiliary.

REPORTED COMMANDS / SUGGESTIONS / REQUESTS

• We use advise, ask, beg, suggest, etc followed by a (to infinitive), an ing form or a that clause.

• Please be careful. / Do not smoke in here. / You should visit your doctor. / could you do me a favor? / do your homework and don’t watch TV. / Why don’t you practice harder?

MODAL VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

• The following verbs change in Reported Speech when the reported sentence is out of date:

• will/shall 4 would, can 4 could (present reference)/ would be able to (future reference), may 4 might/could, shall 4 should (asking for advice)/would (asking for information)/offer (expressing offers), must 4 must/had to (obligation) (must remains the same when it expresses possibility or deduction),

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY VERBS

• advise sb + to infinitive • accuse sb of + -ing form • admit (to) + -ing form

apologise for + -ing form • boast + that -clause • Suggest + that clause• Claim + that clause• Complain + that clause• Demand + that clause• Deny + ing• encourage sb + to -infinitive

• Inform + that clause• Insist + that clause• Promise + to infinitive• Refuse + to infinitive• Remind SB + to

infinitive• Threaten + to infinitive• Warn SB + to infinitive

Write an introductory verb and report the sentences

Punctuation practice

• Id like to talk to you for a minute he said• What asked Paul you are married• Shut up exclaimed anne angrily stop telling lies. Ill never

believe you.• Martin whose real name is thom sells jewels houses

used cars and other stuff• Love he said softly is the best thing that could ever

happen to me