EULAKS Policy WorkshopInforming the Knowledge Society – Feeding SSH Research into Policy

Design in Latin America end Europe

London 23-24, September 2010

Knowledge Society Capacity Building in LA: the use of indicators

Daniel VillavicencioAlberto Morales & Marcela Amaro

(UAM-X)

The questions raised are:

• Are Latina American countries building institucional capabilities towards the KS?

• Are there new policies and instruments?

• What indicators can we use to analyse and asses the access to the KS

Knowledge Based Society

Educational System

-Primary Education

-Tecnological and scientific education

Infrastructuretelephone linesComputer access-Internet users

Economy

-Macroeconomic Stability

-R&D expediture

-Innovation incentives -Public &Private Research Centers

-Universities

-University-Industry projects

TIC´S

Specialized Human Resourses

S&T Policy

Intelectual Property System

-Patents

-Hardware

-Software

Elements of the KS

The knowledge based society• Capabilities of acquisition, stockage, production and transfering of knowlege

• Increasing importance of technological and organizational innovation in firms and also other institutions

• Employement in knowledge intensive sectors and increasing importance of these sectores in the economy (emerging sectors)

• HR investment, professional training, knowledge difussion, etc.

• More knowledge intensive services

• Knowledge flows & Intermadiate organizations for knowledge trasnfering

• New social capabilities to take advantage of knowledge (empowerment)

• The use of instruments to asses the performance of policy and foreseight.

What can we measure?

– Which data can be picked up?– how and what for (assesment, international

cooperation, benchhmark, etc.)?

– Who produce data (universities, public organizations, enterprises)?

– What realities do statistics repport (outputs vs dynamics)?

A problem for measurement

Inputs-Stocks-outputs

(Oslo, OCDE, Frascati, Bogotá, Esocyt, Camberra, Santiago)– R&D investments

– Funds for innovation research & activities

– S&T-Hum Ress, training and education

– Patents

– Publications

What about processes (how to measure) ?

– Learning capabilities (in SMEs)

– Knowledge networks performance

– Incremental innovation (inventing around, technological catching-up, industrial upgrading, products’ tropicalisation…)

– Knowledge spill-over

What international statistics do not let us know

• All knowledge flows, • Local language publicactions

• The use of traditional (non scientific knowledge)• Tehnological absortion capabilities, adaptations• Learning paths• Impact of S&T+I Policty on social problem solving • Social capabilites for knowledge absortion

Indicators in LA

• Hum Ress in S&T, Education• Funds and $$ for S&T• Infrastructure• Use of Internet, TICs, • Scientific production• Innovation in firms, patents, R&D

Progress in Knowledge Society Indicators

* Communication and education indicators** Employment, Training and skills, Social inclusion and Security indicators*** Innovation capability, labour flexibility, e-applications , wealth and satisfaction indicators

Infrastructure and resources*

Socio-economics**

e-Applications, outputs and markets***

Prerequisites for the Knowledge Society

Outcome variables

UEMxVzUrBrArCo

UEMxBrUrArCoVz

UEBrUrMxArCoVz

Based on the existent indicators for each country

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10

Annual GDP Growth (%), 2003-2007

GDP per Capita (in/nal current $ PPP), 2007

Human Development Index, 2005

Royalty Payments and receipts(US$/pop.) 2007

Researchers in R&D / Mil. People, 2006

Total Expenditure for R&D as % of GDP, 2006

S&E Journal Articles / Mil. People, 2005

Patents Granted by USPTO / Mil. People, avg

2003-2007Adult Literacy Rate (% age 15 and above), 2007

Gross Secondary Enrollment rate, 2007

Internet Access in Schools (1-7), 2008

Prof. and Tech. Workers as % of Labor Force, 2007

Total Telephones per 1000 People, 2007

Computers per 1000 People, 2007

Households with Television (%), 2006

Daily Newspapers per 1,000 People, 2004

Internet Users per 1000 People, 2007

Availability of e-Government Services (1-

7), 2008

Argentina

Brazil

Colombia

Mexico

Uruguay

Venezuela

Tensions and challenges

Data: National dynamics vs international comparaison (objectifs, actors, priorities, instruments…)

Performance: inputs, outputs (process?)

Existence of cognitive divides:Actors have different learning capabilities, while indicators

attempt to standardize

Between knowledge use & adaptation or knowledge creation

Integrating Social needs: complexity, asymmetries, evolution of goals…

Considering Institutional logics, incentives, paths & lock-in effects

Contribution to define public policy agendas in S&T+I and the use of proper INDICATORS (information platforms)

Performing efficency and impact : evaluation methodologies & foresight?

Towards the knowledge based society in L.A. Some challenges

What do we measure?

What do we measure?

What do we measure?