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ThePublicHealthimpactofUrbanBlight:VacantLotGreeningandtheCaseforResearcher-Prac@@onerpartnerships
GinaSouth,MDMS
AssistantProfessorofEmergencyMedicineUniversityofPennsylvania
ReclaimingVacantProper@esConferenceSept30,2016
Objec@ves
• Publichealthframework• Healthimpactofvacantproper@es• Vacantlotgreening– Healthbenefits– Researcher-prac@@onerpartnershipwiththePennsylvaniaHor@cultureSociety
ChangingPlacesaffects“MorePeopleforLongerPeriodsofTime”
ChangingPLACEStomakedefaultdecisionshealthy
Frieden,2010;IOM,2003
Healthimpactofvacantland:Communityperspec@ve
HealthDomain • CommunityWellbeing
• PhysicalHealth
• MentalHealth
Theme• Fracture@es• Overshadowposi@ves• Financialstrain• Crime
• Injury• Trashbuildup
• S@gma• Nega@veemo@ons• FearofCrime
Garvin,JUH2012
OnCommunityWellbeing...
“Theabandonedhomesjustmessesuplikethebeautyoftheneighborhood.LikeIstatedoncertainblockstheremaybelikethreeorfourhomesthatarelikewelltakencareof.Thenyouhavethatvacantlotthatjusthastrashandotherthingsinit,whichmessesuphowbeau@fultheblockreallycouldbe.ThelotsandstuffalsodrawotheraZen@onwhere,youknow,kidsplayinginthedirt...Thevacanthomesalsoforexample,whenit’srainingthekids,likeIsaid18to25,maygoonavacantporchandstarttohangoutthere.AnditdrawsaZen@ontotheelderlywomennextdoorandthingslikethat.”
OnSafety...
“Ihaveatoddler....I’dliketotakeheroutmoreo`en.I’dliketotakeheronwalks.Butthere’ssomuchgoingontowhereI’[email protected]@mesIbraveit.ButI’mactuallyscaredtotakeherouttowalkthestreetsofthisneighborhood,togoevenplayintheplayground,likeIsaidbefore.There’swinosanddrugaddictsandneedles,yeah,intheplayground.”
OnMentalHealth...
“Itmakesmefeelnotimportant.LikeIthinkthatyoursurroundingslikeyourenvironment[vacantland]affectsyourmood,itaffectsyourtrainofthought,yourthoughtprocess,youremo@ons,andseeingvacantlotsandabandonedbuildings,tomethat’sasignofneglect.SoIfeelneglected.”
OnRodentsandTrash...
“Whenyouhavenicehomesandthenyouhavethatonehomethat’sjustvacantoryoustarttogetamiceproblembecauseofthevacantlotsandthingslikethat.AndthenthevacantlotsusuallyturnintoliZeringproblemswithpeoplethrowingtrashandthingslikethat.”
Urbanblightandhealth
• NeighborhoodPhysicalCondi@onsandHealth,Cohen2003– Ecologicalstudyof107USci@esusingadministra@vedata– Thenumberofboarded-upunitswasstronglyassociatedwithprematuremortalityfromhomicide,suicide,DM,andmalignancy
• NeighborhoodDisorderandMarijuanaUse,Furr-
Holden2011– 566adolescents@12thgradeand2yrslater– Livinginneighborhoodswithincreasingnumbersofabandonedproper@esassociatedwithincreasinglevelsofmarijuanause
Greening
PennsylvaniaHor@cultureSociety
Trash/Weedremoval Earthwork,seeding
Fencing Treeplan@ng
Before
A`er
Before
A`er
ImpactofGreening:Quasi-experimental
Outof17differentoutcomes:
Guncrime(inallcitysec@ons)*
Vandalism(inWestPhiladelphia)*
Stress(inNorthPhiladelphia)*
Exercise(inWestPhiladelphia)*
Branas,AJE2011
*p<0.01
ImpactofGreening:RCT
• Peoplelivingaroundgreenedlotsfeltsignificantlysafera`ergreeningcomparedtothoselivingaroundcontrolvacantlots(p<0.01).
• Non-significantdecreaseintotalcrimesandgunassaultsaroundgreenedvacantlots.
Garvin,IP2012
Significantdropinheartratewhenwalkinginviewofnewlygreenedlots
WalkingTests
Garvin2012,South2015
“Yougottowatchyourselfwalkingpastthelotsbecauseyoudon’tknowwho’soutthere.”
“It’snotsafewalkingpast[abandonedhomes]becausetheoneacrossfrommelookslikeit’sgelngreadytocavein.”
“IfIcouldchangethingsIwould.Therewouldn’tbesomanyvacantlots[and]abandonedhouses.”
AbandonedHouseRemedia@on:“DoorsandWindows”
UrbanBlightRemedia@on• Urbanblightremedia@oncansignificantlyreduce:– Biologicandself-reportedstress– Depressionandseriousmentalillness– Sedentarybehavior– SeriouscrimeslikegunviolencewithahighROI– Nuisancecrimes– Percep@onsofhighcrimeandvandalism
• Why?– Biologic:stressandpoormentalhealth– Sociologic:collec@veefficacyinimpoverished,under-resourcedareas
– Physical:blightedspacesare“storagelockers”forillegalguns
CommunityEngagedResearch
• “Researchersandcommuni@esworkingtoestablishtrust,sharepower,fosterco-learning,strengthsandresources,buildcapacity,andexamineandaddresscommunity-iden@fiedneedsandhealthproblems”
PHSPartnership
• Rela@onshipfosteredoveryears• Founda@onofcommunica@onandmutualrespect
• Mutuallybeneficial• Sustainability
