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The Presidency ofThe Presidency of
First election with political parties
Federalists: John Adams
Democratic-Republicans: Thomas Jefferson
Adams wins presidency, Jefferson becomes V.P.
Presidential Candidate Party
Popular VoteElectoral
VoteCount PercentageJohn Adams Federalist 35,726 53.4% 71
Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican 31,115 46.6% 68Thomas Pinckney Federalist — — 59
Aaron Burr Democratic-Republican — — 30Samuel Adams Democratic-Republican — — 15
Relations with France are still tense
France began seizing U.S. ships to prevent trade with Britain
Many Federalists called for war with France
Adams hoped talks would restore peace
Adams sent 3 agents to meet with the French foreign minister
3 agents agreed to talks to U.S. for a $10 million loan to France & $250,000 to the minister as a bribe
Agents known as X, Y, & Z
Congress & the public were outraged
Cancelled all treaties with France & allowed for seizure of French ships
The French conflict made Adams & the Federalists popular with the people
Many Republicans were sympathetic to France
Adams was blasted in periodicals, calling him the “tyrant of America”
To silence critics he passed laws aimed at aliens
One act increased the wait time to become a citizen to 14 years
Other acts gave him power to arrest disloyal aliens & deport them
Another outlawed publishing false statements about the gov’t
Jefferson & Madison led the fight against the laws
Many used the theory of states’ rights
They had rights the federal govt. could not violate
Virginia & Kentucky proposed resolutions to nullify the laws in their states
Nullification was not widely supported
The laws were repealed when the Republicans controlled Congress between 1800 & 1802
War fever in America was high
Adams reopened talks with France
Both sides signed the Convention of 1800 to stop all naval attacks
Reopen the oceans for shipping and trading
Adams became enemies with many Federalists
Federalists: John Adams
Democratic-Republicans: Thomas Jefferson
No majority wonElection was decided by the House of Representatives
Jefferson won the election & Aaron Burr became his V.P.