1301 US HIST 2014.06.18

I DIDN’T READ THE TECHNICAL CHAPTER WE’RE ON IN CLASS RIGHT NOW, BECAUSE I TOTALLY HAVEN’T BEEN DOING THAT, SORRY.

In Class Notes

Review: President and Their Vice President

George Washington: John Adams John Adams: Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson: Aaron Burr Today: Thomas Jefferson: George Clinton

Napoleon is now emperor of France, the French Revolution gets rid of Louis XVI with his revolution

Eventually there will be the War of 1812, which is super important and I need to look it up.

Actual Class Notes

Republican Identities in a New Republic

An age of rapid population growth (because of immigration mostly, and a lot of babies being made)

o Having more babies meant having more help on the farmo The average family in 1800 had around three kids each I thinko We get summer vacation because it was originally a time where children had

school off to go help in the fieldso 7.2 million in 1810, 2 million more than 1800o 20% black slaveso Children under 16 years old are the largest group

Strong regional identities Early secession movements threaten national unity

Westward the Course of Empire

Intense migration to West after 1790 New States

o Kentucky – 1792o Tennessee – 1796 (originally called Frankland?)o Ohio – 1803

Western regional culture rootless, optimistic Jefferson’s ideas of Farming and stuff The Mississippi River is super important because it allows these “Western” states to

trade, this is why we need it

Native American Resistance

Western settlers compete for Indian land Indians resist

o Tecumseh (Tuh-COME-suh) leads Shawnees, defeated Tecumseh was such a powerful native American that new Americans

sometimes named their children after him (like William Tecumseh Sherman)

William Henry Harrison was the guy who lead the troops to defeat Tecumseh (remember he’s the ninth by stressing his name to have nine syllables, Wil-I-am Hen-er-y Har-ris-son)

o Creeks defeated

Commercial Life in the Cities

Economy based on agriculture and tradeo Remember the south is mostly agriculture, and the north is mostly trade. This is

really important because it divides the country now with debate on what taxes may or may not be detrimental to either industry, and more importantly later with slavery.

o Connection to today: Roads with names like, RM 2222, RM 2242, FM 3354, and FM 1826 mean “Ranch to Market” or “Farm to Market” and were the roads that Ranchers and Farmers took to take their produce to market

American shipping prospers 1793 – 1805 Cities associated with international trade, otherwise marginal role in national life

All about Jefferson

From Virginia Jefferson Personifies (Democratic-)Republicanism’s contradictions Democratic-Republicans are also called Jeffersonians His personality made later historians think that he was lazy in comparison to Alexander

Hamilton because Hamilton was so driven and social, but really he was just kind of an introvert

o Despises ceremonies and formalityo Dedicated to intellectual pursuitso A politician to the coreo Was very shy, had a lisp, and hated public speaking

Every year in January the president has to give a message to congress, it’s called the State of the Union

Jefferson sees this in the constitution He decides to deliver the message on paper to congress This tradition goes on until Woodrow Wilson

Success depends on cooperation with Congress Ends up making library of congress and university of Virginia He had many talents, called a “renaissance man”, like a jack of all trades Personal Life

o Married to Martha Jeffersono Famous for messing around with his slaves: Sally Hemings

o Sally Hemings was the half-sister of Martha Jeffersono Sally’s father had sex with his slave who birthed Sally, and his wife who birthed

Marthao This was the first political sex scandal

Jeffersonian Reformso Priority to cutting federal debt, taxes

Remember the national debt was one of the things some people liked at the very beginning of the republic because it held the people together because they were obligated to pay it

Why didn’t this work? Cutting taxes means cutting public services like roads and defense

o Federal expenses trimmed by cutting military Reduction of the army removes threat to Republican government (he

thought it was going to take over and ruin is wonderful republic, turns out to be a mistake when the war of 1812 rolls around)

The Louisiana Purchase

1801 – France buys Louisiana from Spain 1803 – Jefferson sends a mission to France to buy (just) New Orleans Napoleon tries to sell the Louisiana purchase to finance war Implied powers: It’s implied that Jefferson can buy this because it isn’t at all in the

constitution saying he can’t. Check this? What about slavery? Jefferson thought slavery was eventually going to die out on its own

because it was going to not be needed as technology expandso In 1820 it becomes an issue when the first state in this territory wants to become a

state The Lewis and Clark Expedition: the nineteenth century’s send-a-man-to-Mars

o Tried to find the famed Northwest Passage, an imaginary water route around from St. Louis (where they left) to the Pacific. Instead they found the Rocky Mountains.

o This is going to cost lots of money, so Jefferson wanted to be quiet about spending all this money

o Native American Sacajawea helps them o Journey takes two yearso All the interesting stories, myths, and legends of the journeyo Drunk History: Lewis and Clark

Foreign Affairs: The Barbary States

Pirates are raiding American ships Sent people in the navy to send in troops to help them

o This was the start of the Marines

The Election of 1804

Jefferson reelected overwhelmingly

He dumps Aaron Burr and brings the Governor of New York on as his Vice President, Clinton (he is the first president to have more than one Vice President)

--------------------Break--------------------

Attack on the Judges: Marbury VS Madison

John Marshall is now Chief Justice Marbury v. Madison (1803) rules Judiciary Act of 1789 (the thing that made the entire

Judicial Branch, court systems because the constitution said we would just have a Judicial Branch) unconstitutional. Details of Marbury v. Madison?

Federalist Marbury denied his judgeship Republicans claim victory, why? Judicial Review: Judges have the ability to rule a law constitutional or not

Jefferson’s Second Term

1803 - England and France resume war (The Napoleonic Wars 1803 – 1815) American ships subject to seizure

o By England through “orders in council”o By Napoleon through Berlin, Milan Decrees

Jefferson refuses war to preserve financial reformo Embargo – Jefferson’s alternative to waro Embargo Act of 1807o Embargo divides the nation, it was a bad idea

James Madison

Republican Vice President: George Clinton A new administration goes to war 1808 – Elected president 1809 – Embargo repealed in favor of Non-Intercourse Act The United States will resume trade with England and France on promise to cease seizure

of US vessels Impressment of sailors: taking and kind of enslaving other people’s sailors into your

navy Will eventually try to declare war on the British Was the only president that had to leave the Whitehouse because it was being invaded.

The War of 1812

Madison: “Let’s march our troops into Canada and take them out so we can expand up while they’re busy with the Napoleonic Wars! Then It will all be awesome just like the Louisiana Purchase except I don’t have to pay officially!”

o But the American troops are super underfunded from Jeffersono All they do is burn down the Parliament in Yorko Because our army was so weak we couldn’t acquire territory

In 1814 they come in masses and end up burning down the Whitehouse

Battle at Fort McHenry was the battle where Francis Scott Key wrote The Defense of Fort McHenry poem, from which The Star Spangled Banner comes

1814 three pronged English attack:o Campaign from Canada to Hudson River Valley stopped at Lake Champlaino Campaign in the Chesapeake results in burning of Washington, siege of Baltimoreo Campaign for New Orleans thwarted by Andrew Jackson, January 8th, 1815

Treaty of Ghent: eventually representatives are sent to Ghent, Belgium in December of 1814 (because many British people were still around there because of The battle of Waterloo)

Many people say this was a tie, not really. We lost this one. We had a crappy army and had to borrow Portugal’s Navy.

James Madison’s Second Term

James Monroe Elected

Andrew Jackson is very important for the next unit:

He hated the British.o His mother and two brothers are killed by British in revolutionary waro Was scarred by a British officer that cut him with a saber when he forced him to

polish his shoes Grew up as an orphan Moved west and got rich Buys himself a generalship in the Tennessee militia

o Was one of the first to volunteer, he commanded volunteers, why there are Tennessee Volunteers

The events of the Battle of New Orleans:o lead volunteers to New Orleanso Big victory, made British retreato Becomes more celebrated than the 4th of July (War of 1812 was like the second

war of independence) Jackson becomes national hero. BOOM! Elected President.

Review for Test on Thursday

The results of the French and Indian War/Seven Years War

Gained land Learned how to fight Got home field advantage from this Made colonists optimistic about going to the new western land

Proclamation of 1763

Don’t pass the line We can’t afford to defend you that far

King is in debt and needs to pay for the Seven Years’ War, so taxes

Sugar Act (didn’t affect everyone, only the elites that could afford sugar) Stamp Act (worked on everyone because everyone had paper documents, playing cards) Virtual Representation

Revolutionary things

Declared independence July 2nd, Signed Declaration of Independence July 4th Sons of Liberty come from all the taxes: John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Paul Revere March 5th, 1770, Boston Massacre John Adams is the attorney to represent British soldiers They were there to protect the armory, also it was cheaper to condense them from Ireland

and Canada The Boston Tea Party The Intolerable Acts/The Coercive Acts These acts were supposed to punish Bostonians until they paid the East India Company

for the tea They effected all the colonies Colonies helped out the Bostonians The 1st Continental Congress The Albany Plan The 2nd Continental Congress Declare War Shot heard around the world George Washington put in charge He is helped by French: Marquis de Lafayette Lord Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown, Virginia The French help

o France fought alongside the United States, against Britain, from 1778. o French money, munitions, soldiers and naval forces were sent o France gained little except large debts

Treaty of Paris

The Articles of Confederation

No taxes, congress had to ask states nicely Land ordinance of 178_

Northwest Territory It is shown it is weak in Daniel Shays’ rebellion when there was no army to protect an

armory

The Philadelphia Convention

Business was super-secret Wrote Constitution

o The Great Compromise (Combination of Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan)o The 3/5ths Compromiseo The Bill of rights was a compromise for the Anti-Federalists to be okay with the

constitution They were worried the government would have too much power

George Washington’s Presidency

Don’t develop political parties! Don’t get into foreign affairs! Establishment of Cabinet of Secretaries Judiciary system Hamilton’s Ideas VS Jefferson’s Ideas

Second term:

Jay’s treaty Whiskey Rebellion embarrassment

Hamilton’s Bank Plan

John Adams’ Presidency

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

Didn’t like spending Louisiana purchase Hated debt Cut military Aaron Burr drama and duel 12th Amendment

George Clinton

James Madison’s Presidency

James Monroe’s Presidency

The War of 1812