The Present Perfect The Present Perfect SimpleSimple

פשוט מושלםפשוט מושלם

The LinkThe Link

The present perfect is like evolution.

It links the past to the present.

The present perfectThe present perfect

The present perfect is a mix of the past and present.

The present perfect has 4 main functions…

When do we use the When do we use the present perfectpresent perfect??

Function 1Function 1

We use the present perfect ….For actions that were completed in the past. The exact time of the action is unknown. We are interested in the results of the action in the present.

He has broken his legHe has broken his leg

He has broken his legHe has broken his legDo we know when he Do we know when he

broke his legbroke his leg??NONO

But because he broke his leg But because he broke his leg he can’t walk nowhe can’t walk now……

He broke his He broke his legleg

The The action action was in was in

the the PASTPAST

He can’t walk He can’t walk nownow

The The result is result is in the in the

PRESENTPRESENT

Function 2Function 2

We use the present perfect….For actions that were repeated several times in the past.

She has visited Canada many times.

Function 3Function 3

We use the present perfect…

For actions and situations that began in the past and continue to the present.

I have not smoked since 1995.

Function 4

We use the present perfect

To describe something that has JUST happened.

I have just spilled my coffee on my dress!

I have not smoked I have not smoked since 1995since 1995..

This means that I stopped smoking This means that I stopped smoking in 1995 and I still don’t smoke in 1995 and I still don’t smoke

today.today.

What happened in

the past

continues to the present

Now let’s look at all the Now let’s look at all the example sentencesexample sentences

He has broken his leg.He has broken his leg.

She has visited Canada many She has visited Canada many times.times.

I have not smoked since 1995.I have not smoked since 1995.

What is the same in all of these? Can What is the same in all of these? Can you find the patternyou find the pattern??

subject

subject

subject

helping verb

helping verb

helping verb

V3

V3

V3

Present perfect formPresent perfect form

Subject + have/has + V3Subject + have/has + V3

I

You

He

She

It

We

They

havehave

havehave

hashashashashashas

I’veI’ve

You’veYou’ve

We’veWe’ve

They’vThey’vee

V3: The perfect formV3: The perfect form

was/werewas/were beenbeen

ateate eateneaten

bebe

eateat

V1V1 V2V2 V3V3

The negative form of the The negative form of the present perfectpresent perfect

In order to make a present perfect sentence negative, we just a “not”

after the helping verb but before the V3…

Negative contractionsNegative contractions

I have not I’ve notI’ve not

I haven’tI haven’t

She has not

She She hasn’thasn’t

Negative FormNegative Form

I’ve I’ve notnot been to Canada been to Canada..

She hasShe hasn’tn’t seen that seen that moviemovie..

We haveWe haven’tn’t flown there yet flown there yet..

Question form

As always, when asking a yes/no As always, when asking a yes/no

question, the helping verb comes question, the helping verb comes first….first….

Have you seen that film?

Has he seen that film?

Have/has + subject + Have/has + subject + V3V3

SONG TIMESONG TIME!!

Queen: We Are The Champions!

We Are The Champions

Time Expressions for the Time Expressions for the present perfectpresent perfect

for

sincelatel

y

justyet

Not yet

ever

already

recently

So what the heck So what the heck is the difference is the difference between the past between the past

simple and the simple and the present perfect present perfect

simplesimple??

The past simple and present The past simple and present perfectperfect

Present perfectPresent perfect: The action was : The action was

completed in the past but the results completed in the past but the results

of the action affect us now.of the action affect us now.

Past simplePast simple: Something that : Something that happened happened

in the past, refers to a fact.in the past, refers to a fact.

The past simple vs. The past simple vs. present perfectpresent perfect

There are specific time expressions that help

us note the differences:

Time expressions

Present perfect simple

(indefinite time)

forfor

sincesince

alreadyalready

justjust

yetyet

Past simple(specific time)

yesterdayyesterday

last monthlast month

last weeklast week

in the 1960’sin the 1960’s

ExamplesExamples::

1. The train ______________ (leave) a half hour ago.

2. I ______________ (not speak) to him yet this morning.

3. Yesterday, we ___________ (place) an ad in the paper to sell our car.

4. _________ (you/read) any books by Stephen King lately ?

left

have not spoken

placed

Have you read

How longHow long / WhenWhen

Another difference Another difference between the past between the past

simple and the present simple and the present perfect simple perfect simple

is the is the questionsquestions that they that they answer….answer….

When vs. How longWhen vs. How long……

Present perfect simple

Answers questions about how long

something has been going on…

How longHow long have you

been in Spain?

Past simpleAnswers questions

about when something

happened in the past.…

WhenWhen did you arrive in

Spain?