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The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
What Does Periodic Mean?What Does Periodic Mean?
Periodic means repeated in a patternPeriodic means repeated in a patternThink about a calendar:Think about a calendar:Weeks are periodic – they repeat Weeks are periodic – they repeat
every 7 daysevery 7 days
Dimitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)Dimitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)
Created the first way Created the first way to organize all known to organize all known elementselements
Based his table on Based his table on the pattern of the pattern of chemical propertieschemical properties
Mendeleev’s Periodic TableMendeleev’s Periodic Table
Based on Based on chemical chemical propertiesproperties
Organized Organized by atomic by atomic massesmasses
Predicted Predicted unknown unknown elementselements
Henry Moseley (1887 – 1915)Henry Moseley (1887 – 1915)
His work led to a His work led to a reorganization of reorganization of Mendeleev’s Mendeleev’s table by atomic table by atomic numbernumber
Killed by a sniper Killed by a sniper in World War in World War One at age 27One at age 27
The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table
Organized Organized intointo
Rows = Rows = PeriodsPeriods
Columns = Columns = FamiliesFamilies
Periods and FamiliesPeriods and Families
The families are numbered at the top The families are numbered at the top of your periodic table in your reference of your periodic table in your reference tabletable
Take a pen and number the periodsTake a pen and number the periodsNumber one is the row with Number one is the row with
HydrogenHydrogenNumber seven is the row with Number seven is the row with
FranciumFrancium
Names of FamiliesNames of Families
Group Group
1A or 11A or 1
Alkali Alkali MetalsMetals
Names of FamiliesNames of Families
Group Group
2A or 22A or 2
Alkaline Alkaline Earth Earth MetalsMetals
Names of FamiliesNames of Families
Group Group
7A or 177A or 17
HalogensHalogens
Names of FamiliesNames of Families
Group Group
8A or 188A or 18
Noble Noble GassesGasses
Special GroupsSpecial Groups
Groups Groups
3-123-12
Transition Transition MetalsMetals
Special GroupsSpecial Groups
11stst Row at Row at BottomBottom
LanthanoidsLanthanoids
OROR
LanthanidesLanthanides
Special GroupsSpecial Groups
22ndnd Row at Row at BottomBottom
ActinoidsActinoids
OROR
ActinidesActinides
One Other FeatureOne Other Feature
Notice the Notice the dark dark stairstep stairstep line.line.
Separates Separates metals metals from from nonmetalsnonmetals
MetalsMetals
To the left of the stair-step lineTo the left of the stair-step lineTypically solids with high melting Typically solids with high melting
pointspointsGood conductors of heat and Good conductors of heat and
electricityelectricityMalleableMalleable – can be formed into a – can be formed into a
different shapedifferent shapeDuctileDuctile – can be drawn into wires – can be drawn into wires
MetalsMetals
As you move left across the periodic As you move left across the periodic table, metals become more reactivetable, metals become more reactive
As you move down a group (family), As you move down a group (family), metals become more reactivemetals become more reactive
Remember the video about cesium?Remember the video about cesium?Where are the most reactive Where are the most reactive
elements on the periodic table?elements on the periodic table?
MetalloidsMetalloids
Touching the stair-step line Touching the stair-step line Have properties in between metals Have properties in between metals
and nonmetalsand nonmetalsSemiconductors – Think silicon in Semiconductors – Think silicon in
computer chipscomputer chips
NonmetalsNonmetals
To the right of the stair-step lineTo the right of the stair-step lineTypically gasses with low melting Typically gasses with low melting
pointspointsVery poor conductors of heat and Very poor conductors of heat and
electricityelectricityBrittle – break rather than change Brittle – break rather than change
shapeshape
NonmetalsNonmetals
As you move right across the periodic As you move right across the periodic table, nonmetals become more table, nonmetals become more reactivereactive
As you move down a group (family), As you move down a group (family), nonmetals become less reactivenonmetals become less reactive
Where are the most reactive Where are the most reactive nonmetals?nonmetals?
Exit TicketExit Ticket
On the index card, please answer On the index card, please answer the following questions:the following questions:
1.1. Which group is the halogens?Which group is the halogens?
2.2. What is the most reactive non-What is the most reactive non-metal?metal?
3.3. What is the most reactive metal?What is the most reactive metal?
4.4. List two metalloids.List two metalloids.