THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AOMDV PROTOCOL BY VARYING

NODE MOBILITY SPEED AND PAUSE TIME

AHMAD AKMAL BIN AHMAD JOHARI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY) WITH HONORS

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN, TERENGGANU , MALAYSIA

2019

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and

citation, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has been previously

or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin or

other institutions.

Signature : ………………………………......

Name : Ahmad Akmal Bin Ahmad Johari

Date :

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APPROVAL

This thesis titled Performance Analysis of AOMDV by Varying Node Mobility Speed

and Pause Time was prepared and submitted by Ahmad Akmal bin Ahmad Johari

(Matric Number: BTBL17047367) and has been found satisfactory in terms of scope,

quality and presentation as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Banchelor of

Computer Science (Computer Network Security) with Honor in University Sultan

Zainal Abidin.

Signature : …………………………………

Supervisor : Dr. Nor Aida Binti Mahiddin

Date :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate all praise is

to Allah, and prayers and peace be upon Mohamed His servant and messenger. Praise

to Allah, for blessing and giving me the opportunity to undergo and complete my

proposal for final year project title, Performance Analysis of AOMDV by Varying

Node Mobility Speed and Pause Time.

I am grateful to some people, who worked so hard with me from the beginning

until the completion of this project. Here, I would like to express my heartiest

gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Nor Aida Binti Mahiddin for her outstanding

teachings, kindness, unbelievable patience, and excellent ideas toward this project.

Without her generosity, it is impossible for me to finish this project efficiently. I

would like to take this opportunity to say warm thanks to my family members, who

has been my source of inspiration and game me strength when I thought of giving up,

who always been there in my hard and easy time, may Allah protect and blesses them.

Lastly, thank you to all my beloved friends, who have been so supportive along the

way of doing my project and to all my lectures who taught me throughout my

education from Semester 1 until graduated.

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ABSTRACT

Mobile ad hoc network, MANET is a collection of independent mobile nodes

that can communicate with each other via radio wave which is autonomous

decentralized where each node is free to move anywhere at any time to form a network

without the use of a network infrastructure or any centralized administration. MANET

is capable of providing the Ad-hoc network facilities in the absence of any infrastructure

due to absence of electrical energy supply and situation where rapid implementation of

network would be essential to co-ordinate the effort of emergency services and rescue

operation. This paper investigate the performance of Ad-hoc Multipath Distance Vector

(AOMDV) Routing Protocol. AOMDV is also called On-demand routing protocol an

enhance version of AODV routing protocol. The main difference lies in the number of

nodes in discovery route. However, analysis of performances of AOMDV and AODV

routing protocol based on mobility speed with different pause time. Performance

metrics considered in the study are throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet delay.

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ABSTRAK

Rangkaian ad hoc mudah alih, MANET adalah koleksi nod mudah alih bebas

yang boleh berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain melalui gelombang radio yang

bersifat autentik di mana setiap node bebas bergerak di mana saja pada bila-bila masa

untuk membentuk rangkaian tanpa menggunakan infrastruktur rangkaian atau mana-

mana pentadbiran terpusat. MANET mampu menyediakan kemudahan jaringan Ad-

hoc dengan tidak adanya infrastruktur apapun akibat ketiadaan bekalan tenaga listrik

dan keadaan di mana pelaksanaan jaringan yang cepat akan menjadi penting untuk

menyelaraskan upaya layanan kecemasan dan operasi penyelamatan. Makalah ini

menyiasat prestasi Protokol Routing Jarak Varian Multipath Adhoc (AOMDV).

AOMDV juga dipanggil protokol routing On-demand versi peningkatan protokol

routing AODV. Perbezaan utama terletak pada bilangan nod dalam laluan penemuan.

Walau bagaimanapun, analisis prestasi protokol routing AOMDV dan AODV

berdasarkan kelajuan mobiliti dengan masa jeda yang berbeza. Metrik prestasi yang

dipertimbangkan dalam kajian adalah penghantaran, nisbah penghantaran paket dan

kelewatan paket.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ......................................................................................................... II

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................... III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... IV

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. V

ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. VI

TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................... VII

LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................... VIII

LIST OF FIGURE ..................................................................................................... IX

CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background Project ........................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) ........................................................... 3

1.1.2 Classification of Routing Protocol.............................................................. 5

1.1.3 Ad-Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector AOMDV ..................... 7

1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................... 10

1.3 Objective ............................................................................................................ 10

1.4 Scope .................................................................................................................. 11

1.5 Limitation of Work .......................................................................................... 11

1.6 Summary ........................................................................................................... 12

CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................... 13

LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 13

2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 13

2.2 Related Work .................................................................................................... 14

2.3 Summary ........................................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................... 20

3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 20

3.2 Research of Methodology ................................................................................ 20

3.3 Simulation ......................................................................................................... 22

3.4 Project Framework .......................................................................................... 24

3.5 Project Flowchart ............................................................................................. 25

3.6 Summary ........................................................................................................... 27

REFERENCE ............................................................................................................. 28

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1 ................................................................................................................. 23

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1.1 Infrastructure Based Network ......................................................... 2

FIGURE 1.2 Infrastructure Less Network ............................................................ 2

FIGURE 1.3 Example of MANET .......................................................................... 3

FIGURE 1.4 MANET With Three Participating Nodes ...................................... 4

FIGURE 1.5 Classification Routing Protocols ..................................................... 5

FIGURE 1.6 Route Discovery of AOMDV ............................................................ 7

FIGURE 1.7 Route Maintenance of AOMDV ....................................................... 8

FIGURE 3.1 Research Methodology .................................................................... 21

FIGURE 3.2 OMNet++ Simulation Tool ............................................................. 23

FIGURE 3.3 InetManet Framework .................................................................... 23

FIGURE 3.4 Framework of Mobility Speed ........................................................ 24

FIGURE 3.5 Flowchart of AOMDV Routing Protocol....................................... 26

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Project

Network Components in a wireless network communicate with each other using

wireless channels. The use of wireless networks has become more and more popular.

Based on the type of network infrastructure used for communication, wireless

communication network are categorized into two types:

• Infrastructured networks

• Infrastructured-less networks

I. Infrastuctured Networks:

An infrastructure network consists of mobile wireless nodes and one or more

bridges that connect the wireless network to the wired network, as shown in figure

1.1. The bridges are referred to as stations of base. A network mobile node scans and

connects with the closest base station.

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Figure 1.1 INFRASTRUCTURE BASED NETWORK

II. Infrastructured-less Network

In Contrast to infrastructure networks, every network node serves as a router,

as well as host. The topology of the network is dynamic because the communication

between nodes changes over time due to node enhancements. There is no base or

access point. Nodes will interact by creating a multi-hope track as shown in figure 1.2.

Consequently, an effective routing protocol is needed to allow nodes to communicate

on multi-hop routes without an entry point. Due to various diverse hurdles, these

networks have difficulties in understanding and reacting. Mobile ad-hoc networks are

a kind of fewer network infrastructure for mobile device and laptop nodes.

FIGURE 1.2 INFRASCRUCTURE LESS NETWORK

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1.1.1 Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)

Figure 1.3 Example of MANET

Mobile ad hoc (MANET) is a network of mobile wireless computers (or

nodes), where nodes agree with packets to allow them to communicate outside of the

range. Ad hoc networks do not require central or fixed network infrastructures such as

base stations or access points, and they can be installed quickly and cost-efficiently as

necessary.

Easy and fast deployment of wireless networks will be expected by the future

generation wireless systems. This fast network deployment is not possible with the

existing structure of present wireless systems. Recent developments, including

Bluetooth, have led to a new form of wireless system known as mobile ad-hoc

networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks or "short live" networks monitor permanent

infrastructure inexistence.

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MANET is an ad-hoc wireless network and a self-configuring network of

mobile (and related) wireless network routers which is united by arbitrary topologies.

The routers, which are the participating nodes, can move randomly and manage

themselves at random, so that the wireless topology of the network can change quickly

and unpredictably. Such a network can either operate independently or be linked to the

wider Internet.

Mobile ad-hoc network is an independent collection of mobile nodes that can

be interconnected by radio waves. Mobile nodes can communicate directly to the

radio nodes, while other nodes need the aid of intermediate nodes to relay packets.

Such networks are entirely distributed and can operate without any kind of

infrastructure at any place. This makes the networks extremely robust. In Figure 1.4,

indicates that nodes 1 and 3 must discover the route through 2 in order to

communicate. The circles show the formal range of the radio transceiver of every

node. Nodes 1 and 3 are not directly transmitted, since 1 is not covered by 3 circles.

FIGURE 1.4 MANET with Three Participating Nodes

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1.1.2 Classification of Routing Protocol

MANET is routing dynamically. Dynamic routing means it depends primarily

on the state. Routing protocols can be categorized into three types as Table-driven or

Proactive Routing protocol, On-Demand or reactive routing protocol and hybrid

routing protocol as shown in figure 1.5 below.

Figure 1.5 Classification Routing Protocols

Proactive protocols are table-driven protocols where all nodes’ routing is

consistent and also always up-to-date. Reactive protocols vary from proactive protocol

because it is on-demand routing protocol. The routes in reactive protocols will not be

maintained before the routing packets are transferred. AOMDV are reactive protocols,

it is an improvement to the protocol for computing several loop-free and link-disjoint

paths for Ad-hoc On Request Distance Vectors (AODV) and more in the next section.

Ultimately, the dual routing protocol incorporates constructive and reactive protocols.

Classification of Routing

Protocols

Proactive Reactive Hybrid

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The single routing protocols only find a single path between a pair of sources.

In case of any road break, a new discovery of roads is necessary. Route discovery and

maintenance phases are the basis for single routing protocols. A route is found among

any source destination pair in route discovery. Maintenance phase involves the

reparation of a broken road or a new route in the event of a failure of the road. The

most common single path routing protocol AODV protocol.

In multipath routing, between any source-destination pair more than one route

is sought and used. The tolerance to faults and load balance are given. An alternative

path can be used for failure and the necessary route exploration can therefore be

delayed. Road discovery, road allocation and road maintenance phases consist of

multi-path routing protocols. The exploration step of the path is to discover several

disjoined nodes or connect disjointed routes between any pair of sources. In the

process of traffic distribution, source sends data on various paths to the destination. In

case of connection and/or node breakdown, the route maintenance process consists of

locating routes. AOMDV is the example of multipath routing protocols.

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1.1.3 Ad-Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) Routing

Protocol

AOMDV stands for Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing

protocol. The AOMDV extension is an AODV multipath extension. Several routes

between source and destination are identified in AOMDV protocols. This provides

alternative routes for a malfunction of the route. In AOMDV protocols new route

discovery is needed when all the routes fail. Multipath routing in AOMDV protocol is

an advantage of standard routing in which the demand in the network can be managed

and congestion avoided and reliability improves.

Figure 1.6 Route Discovery of AOMDV

AOMDV is designed on the basis of an AODV routing protocol that uses a

route discovery method. The source node floods the network with a Route Request

(RREQ) message labelled with a specific sequence number to destination.

Intermediate nodes can send a Route Response (RREP) message to the source node if

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the message is not sent via a correct and fresh route to the destination. Intermediate

nodes must delete redundant RREQ communications. When the first RREQ message

arrives at the target node, the RREP message is sent back to the source node along the

reverse direction created by intermediate nodes during the process of discovery. All

submitted RREQ repeat messages are discarded at destination. AODV's problem, it

constructs a one-way route to the destination. If this route fails, it will take another

route discovery. AOMDV is developed with the same path discovery process to set up

multiple routes to the destination. AOMDV uses the redundant RREQ messages to

create multiple routes in the root and intermediate nodes. Destination node sends

RREP messages from a different hop to each RREQ message received. In order to

detect link breaks, AOMDV uses HELLO messages.

Figure 1.7 Route Maintenance of AOMDV

To maintain a fresh status of disjoint paths, Hello notes are regularly

transmitted by neighbours to preserve a fresh state between disjointed routes. The

expired duration of contact to neighbours is extended when these signals are received.

When no communications have been received, these neighbours can no longer be

accessed and a path connection between source and destination is therefore not linked.

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Multiple reasons can cause links failure (network congestion, node mobility or power

failure, etc. To recover from a link failure, a Route maintenance procedure is

launched. The route maintenance consists of sending a Route Error message RERR

backward to the source node. The source node selects another secondary path for

packet transmission. The best available path among the alternative paths is chosen.

When all the alternative paths fail, the source restarts the route discovery process

again. Figure 1.7 shows the REER flood in network

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1.2 Problem Statement

In mobile ad-hoc networks, one of the characteristic are nodes may frequently

change their position across the network. This movement can lead to changes in the

connection between the nodes in MANET especially in a reactive routing protocol

such as AOMDV. Therefore, it contributes to excessive overhead routing due to the

creation of some redundant routes in the routing table. AOMDV has more message

overhead during route discovery due to increased flooding and since it is a multipath

routing protocol, the destination replies to the multiple RREQs those results are in

longer overhead. There may be more congestion due to RREQ and RREP messages.

1.3 Objective

This thesis’ main objective is to address the problem statement through the

suggested MANET AOMDV routing protocol. This project therefore focuses

primarily on the following objectives:

III. To study the AOMDV routing protocol in MANET.

IV. To implement the AOMDV routing protocol in MANET by using OMNet++

simulation tools.

V. To modified the AOMDV routing protocol by varying node mobility speed

and pause time.

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VI. To analyze and examine the performance of parameter of AOMDV compare

to AODV routing protocol

1.4 Scopes

The scopes in this thesis are to evaluate the AOMDV routing protocol’s

performance in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and packet delay

based on different speed mobility with different pause time on the constant nodes.

1.5 Limitation of Works

MANET cannot be used in the real-world experiment since this project only

runs on the simulation network, OMNet++. In real-life experiment, the network could

not be implemented because:

I. A very high cost is needed because there are more nodes required in a

large field such as disaster or military area. There are more nodes that need

to prepare which may lead to high cost to afford them.

II. Normal operating system software indications that are not present in

MANET node when linked in infrastructure mode, it can be difficult to

maintain a stable connection without the ability to monitor the intensity of

the signals, particularly when the MANET devices change their position.

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III. Take a long time to set up on MANET. The coverage area for MANET is

broad in the real-life setting. For example, disaster areas such as floods,

can take a few days to prepare the network.

1.6 Summary

This chapter has been discussing the introduction on MANET, the problem

statement of AOMDV routing protocol, the objective, scope and limitation of the

project. The next chapter will discuss literature review which referring to previous

research paper and journal articles that are related to the project. Thus, it is

encouraging and motivating to develop this research as a great effort to bring some

contribution to society.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

In this chapter, as a literature review, few research papers related to the project

are chosen. Data and information are gathered to give a better understanding of how

the process works and how it profits from the initiative.

As defined in chapter 1, the concept of routing protocol in MANET is clearly

stated. AOMDV routing protocol is a reactive protocol that establishes the multi-path

route information when the source node wants the packet to be passed. Because of the

unpredictable mobility speed, however, link breakage can occur. Different speed

mobility and pause time are implemented in AOMDV routing protocol and

performance metrics are observed to solve this problem.

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2.2 Related Work

The performance analysis of varying mobility speed of the network is

proposed to this project in order to determine the optimal node speed and to find the

other simulation parameter such as pause time in AOMDV routing protocol.

In a research paper “AOMDV protocols in MANETS: A Review” by Preeti

Aggrarwal, and Er Pranab Garg. (2016). According to the particular paper, they

studied the various aspects of AOMDV protocol. After studying the various aspects of

pros and cons in AOMDV, they have concluded that AOMDV has many advantages

but there are some shortcomings in AOMDV which needs to be improved to improve

the performance of Manet.

This recent research paper written by G. Shankara Rao, E. Jagadeeswararo,

and U. Jyothsna Priyanka with their title “Performance Analysis of Manet Routing

Protocols – DSDV, DSR, AODV, AOMDV using NS-2”. This paper determine the

performances of Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV), Dynamic

Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad hoc On-

demand Multi-path Distance Vector (AOMDV) protocols based on the Quality of

Service metrics i.e., Packet Delivery Ratio, Packet Loss, Delay, Control Packet

Overhead and Throughput using the Network Simulator (ns-2). Authors also

presenting functionality, benefits, limitations and simulations results for the above

mentioned routing protocols. The obtained results of this simulation indicate that each

protocol has its own significance on a particular QoS metric. It is observed that in

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term of packet delivery fraction and throughput, delay, AOMDV protocol provides

better performance compared to AODV and DSR. It is observer that the performance

of DSDV is higher. And it is observed that DSR protocol overhead is less. And

AODV has higher packet loss. AOMDV incurs more routing overhead than AODV.

AODV gives less delay with respect to pause time. The main conclusion of this paper

is that the choice of which protocol to use, depends on the properties of the network.

In addition, Indrani Das, D.k Lobiyal. And C.P Katti have conducted the paper

“Effect of Node Mobility on AOMDV Protocol in MANET” (2015) evaluated the

effect of node mobility on the performance of AOMDV multipath routing protocol

with different mobility models. The authors contrasted the protocols of AOMDV and

OLSR with Levy-Walk and Gauss Markov Mobility Model, considering varying node

mobility speed and network traffic load. Our results show that in comparison with

OLSR, the AOMDV protocol achieved a higher packet delivery ratio and efficiency.

In comparison, OLSR has less overhead latency and routing at various node densities.

Authors have contrasted the AOMDV and AODV routing protocol with the random

mobility point model with various traffic sources such as TCP and CBR. The result

shows that the performance of both routing protocols degraded with increased traffic.

In MDSR (Multipath Dynamic Source Routing) is a DSR-based on-demand routing

protocol, in reality it is a DSR multi-path extension. An on-demand routing protocol

and extension of well-known DSR protocol is available in SMR (Split Multipath

Routing). The main purpose of this protocol is to split traffic into multiple paths such

that the use of bandwidth is efficiently carried out. In DSR-based GMR (Graph-based

Multipath Routing) protocol, a destination node uses network topology graph to

measure the disjoint route in the network. In MP-DSR, it is based on DSR; it is

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designed to improve end-to-end delay support for QoSAn on-demand multi-path

routing protocol AODV-BR has been introduced in writing. But it doesn't spend extra

control message to set up multipaths. To provide multiple alternative paths, this

protocol uses mesh structure. For their analysis, node-disjunct and link-disjunct multi-

path routing protocol have been considered in authors. Consideration is given to the

various models of mobility Random Waypoint, Random Path, Gauss-Markov, City

Area, and Manhattan. Through the thorough analysis, they have shown that the

development of multipath models in Gauss markov is less, but the consistency of the

path is high. (The random direction model forms a larger number of multipaths.)

AODV and AOMDV protocol have been considered by authors for their random

waypoint model performance analysis. The result shows that AOMDV has more

overhead routing than AODV and a longer end-to-end delay. But in terms of packet

declines and packet distribution, AOMDV performs better. The Steady State mobility

model is used in different energy models with the Random Waypoint Mobility Model

to analyze the energy overhead in routing protocols AOMDV, TORA and OLSR.

Results show that in all energy models, the TORA protocol has the largest energy

overhead. To explore how this protocol operates in various mobility situations,

AOMDV protocol efficiency is evaluated for different mobility models. The results

show that the packet delivery ratio increases with increasing node density but

decreases with increasing node mobility packet delivery ratio.

On the other hand, the research paper titled “Performance Investigation of

Single Path and Multi Path Routing Protocols in High Mobility MANETs” written by

Suveg Moudgil, and Sanjeev Rana, investigated the performance of single path

routing protocol AODV and multipath routing protocol AOMDV under different

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mobility conditions using NS 2.35 simulator. Node are simulated with different

mobility speeds with different pause times. Packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and

network routing load are considered for comparing the AODV and AOMDV

protocols. In high mobility MANETs, AOMDV protocol proves to be more robust

than AODV due to its ability to search for alternate route when current links breaks.

Routing overhead of AOMDV protocol is more due to its alternate route discovery

mechanism. Hence we can conclude that in high mobility MANETs, AOMDV gives

better performance then AODV as it has better PDR and less average end to end delay

but it has more routing overhead.

The studies from Neetha Paulose, and Neethu Paulose with their research

paper entitled “Comparison of on Demand Routing Protocols AODV with AOMDV”

(2016) shows the comparison of two on demand routing protocols, AODV and

AOMDV. AODV is the most basic on demand routing protocol most of the routing

protocols are the enhanced or modified version of AODV. The Ad Hoc On-demand

Distance Vector (AODV) routing scheme is a widely used routing technique in ad hoc

networks due to its low routing traffic overhead. However, the performance of the

minimum hop routing used by AODV degrades significantly when the underlying

system has routes that have high throughput and hop count. Ad hoc on-demand

Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) is the enhanced version of the AODV protocol,

which is part of the ad-hoc wireless networks on demand and reactive routing

protocol. The main objective is to measure several loop-free and link-disjoint paths

between the pair of source and destination. In terms of increased packet delivery ratio,

throughput and reduced average end-to-end delay and uniform overhead power,

AOMDV's value is calculated. Performance evaluation performed using NS2

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simulator tool and comparison with AODV, though maintaining a good packet

delivery ratio, AOMDV can effectively reduce end-to-end delay and energy

consumption. For hybrid network with heterogeneous characteristics, the enhanced

protocol has been created.

This recent research paper written by Xiao Zhou and Hui Tian with their title

“Comparison on Network Simulation Techniques” (2016) indicated that network

simulation is an important tool used to check new algorithms, evaluate network

performance, and implement functional networks. Similar tools for network modeling

is used for various scenarios. Their performance in various applications is discussed in

detail in this paper. The author introduces three main types of network simulation

software: OPNET, Network Simulator (NS) and Objective Modular Network Testbed

(OMNeT++) in C++. NS is widely used in research on the network. This paper

discusses how to apply NS in the analysis of network traffic.

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2.3 Summary

This chapter brings about the research that has to do with the performance of

AOMDV routing protocol through the different flexibility parameters implemented in

MANET. This study is essential in order to obtain an idea and as a guide to the

efficient project.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter will discuss the methods and alternatives used from the start to

the end of the project. This chapter also discusses the simulation tools that will use in

the project. The network simulation tool used is OMNet++ simulator. To go further

into the project, this chapter includes the framework structure and flow chart for a

better understanding of visualization while executing the project. Methodology

research.

3.2 Research of Methodology

In research methodology, the preparation of the project is very relevant to

develop the project. A few phases of methodology are usable. The phases are shown

in figure 3.1 below. The first phase is about identifying the problems regarding the

area. For this project, the problems in MANET are defined. The problem statement is

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defined on the basis of the related research paper or literature review in order to gain a

better understanding of MANET and the issues that have arisen on MANET. The

second phase is designed and developed which tell about this project’s overall

development. This process describes the correct and relevant approaches used to solve

the problems. AOMDV routing protocol is used for this project with different node

mobility speeds. Next phase is project simulation. The simulation to be used in the

project will be addressed in this phase. The OMNet++ version 5.5 is the simulation

used for this project. And the final phase is the performance evaluation. Performance

metrics must be evaluated and analyzed for this project. The performance metrics to

be measured are throughput, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay.

Figure 3.1 Research Methodology

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3.3 Simulation

The project experiment has been conducted by using a simulation network

because in real-life environment required a lot of cost and consumes extensive time.

OMNet++ is an open source, extensible, modular, component based discrete event

simulator tool like NS-2 and NS-3 and completely written in C++. It offers an IDE

based on Eclipse, a graphical runtime environment, and a variety of other tools. It is a

general-purpose simulator that can simulate any network that consists of interacting

devices. OMNeT++ provides an architecture that is component-based, hierarchical,

modular and extensible. A Visual Network Editor (GNED), a NED compiler,

graphical (Tkenv) and command line (Cmdenv) simulation interfaces are included in

the simulation environment. OMNeT++ simulations can be run under various user

interfaces. Graphical, animating user interfaces are highly useful for demonstration

and debugging purposes. The best interfaces for batch execution are command line

user interfaces. There are domain specific features such as sensor network support,

wireless ad hoc networks, Internet protocols, performance modeling, and photonic

networks. OMNeT++ also supports parallel distributed simulation. The parallel

simulation algorithm can easily be extended or new ones can be plugged in. Models

do not need any special instrumentation to run in parallel, it is just a matter of

configuration. The reason for using OMNeT++ for this project because it is only

possible to install this simulation tool directly on Windows 7. This simulation tool

also provides a small-scale network, which makes implementation in the MANET

environment very appropriate.

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After the installation of OMNet++, inetmanet framework imported to

OMNet++ simulator. The purpose of inetmanet framework is to make the

implementation and configuration of MANET easier because inetmanet framework is

required for MANET environment in OMNet++.

Table 3.1: Comparison of Network Simulator

Figure 3.2 OMNet++ Simulation Tool

Figure 3.3 Inet Manet Framework

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3.4 Project Framework

Figure 3.3 Framework of Mobility Speed

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3.5 Project Flowchart

The AOMDV protocol first discovers the multipath route to the destination

through route discovery process and sends the packets to it. The flowchart of the

discovery is shown in Figure 3.3. At the very beginning of data transmission, the

source node broadcasts RREQ and the next hop that has route to the destination sends

back RREP. On the contrary to AODV, AOMDV processes every RREQ. While

AODV processes only the first RREQ and discards the rest. By processing every

RREQ, AOMDV ensures multipath connectivity. The destination node chooses one of

the multipath by comparing the sequence number. The freshest route is guaranteed by

considering the largest sequence number. In case of equal sequence number, path with

less hop count is considered to ensure the shortest path. The destination forwards the

RREP to the source node and the path is defined for data transmission. The packet is

then reached the destination through one of the selected multipath.

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Figure 3.3 Flowchart of AOMDV Routing Protocol

27

3.6 Summary

The following chapter clarifies and shows the concept of the research

methodology, framework, and flowchart of the project. It provides a better

understanding for the implementation of the simulator that we selected in this project.

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REFERENCE

1. Preeti Aggarwal, Er. Pranab Garg, “AOMDV Protocols In MANETS : A

Review”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science &

Technology (IJARCST 2016).

2. Neetha Paulose, Neethu Paulose, “Comparison of On Demand Routing

Protocols AODV with AOMDV”, IJSETR Volume 5 Issue 1, January 2016

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29

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