The Origins of Progressivism Progressive Goals Limit Big Business prevent unfair practices and the elimination of competition Improve safety and working conditions for workers Outlaw child labor Establish social justice programs to help the sick, unemployed, and the elderly Reduce Government corruption Improve democracy Womens Suffrage The Origins of Progressivism Middle Class Americans, Church leaders, Union leaders, African Americans, Feminists. Presidents Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson; leaders like Bryan & LaFollette Pragmatism practical approach to morals and ideas Scientific Management organize people in the most efficient manner. Muckrakers reveal information about the problems that exist in society. Henry Lloyd Atlantic Monthly Wealth Against Commonwealth. Samuel McClure McClures Magazine Lincoln Steffens Tweed Days Upton Sinclair The Jungle Ida Tarbell The History of the Standard Oil Co. Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives. The Jungle There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together... With fresh meat, and sent out to the publics breakfast. Upton Sinclair, The Jungle The Origins of Progressivism Political Reforms - Secret Ballot Direct Primaries Direct Election of Senators 17 th Amendment Initiative Voters compel legislatures to consider a Bill. Referendum Citizens vote on proposed laws. Recall Removing corrupt or unsatisfactory politician. Social Welfare Schools Kindergarten, Night Schools, Public Playgrounds Juvenile Courts and separate facilities; Parole Liberal Divorce Laws Safety Regulations for tenements & factories The Origins of Progressivism Municipal Reforms - Tax Reform Public Ownership of Utilities & Services water systems, transportation, gas lines, electricity. Commission Plan elect leaders of various departments. City Manager direct work of the various departments. State Reforms - Attack Insurance Companies. Regulate Railroads. Tax Reform. Prohibition & Temperance National Reforms The Progressive President Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal 1901 1909 Republican Trust Buster Enforced Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Elkins Act stop the use of Railroad rebates. Hepburn Act ICC could fix rates. Pure Food & Drug Act (Sinclairs Jungle). The Meat Inspection Act (Sinclairs Jungle). Forest Reserve Act use this to increase national reserve. Newlands Reclamation Act 1902; National Conservation Commission. National Reforms The Progressive President William Howard Taft 1908 1912 Republican. Continued Roosevelts Trust Busting Agenda. Attacked U.S. Steel. Mann-Elkins Act 1910 Gave the ICC more power over rates, and communication companies. 16 th Amendment Later accused of betraying the Progressive agenda. Payne-Aldrich Tariff Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy House Speaker Joe Cannon Midterm Elections Presidential Election of 1912 Presidential Candidate Vice Presidential Candidate Political Party Popular Vote Electoral Vote R Woodrow Wilson Thomas MarshallDemocratic6,296, % % G Theodore Roosevelt Hiram JohnsonProgressive4,122, %8816.6% BWilliam TaftNicholas ButlerRepublican3,486, %81.5% Y Eugene Debs Emil SeidelSocialist901, %00.0% Y Eugene Chafin Aaron WatkinsProhibition208, %00.0% YOther (+)+--33, %00.0% Presidential Election of 1912 National Reforms The Progressive President Woodrow Wilson 1921 Democrat Split in the Republican Party (Bull Moose) - Democrats won easily. New Freedom Attacked Tariffs, Banks, and Trusts wanted Free & Fair Competition. Underwood Tariff Federal Reserve Act This is where we get our $$. Clayton Anti-Trust Act Federal Trade Commission Federal Farm Loan Act Child Labor Act 17 th, 18 th, and 19 th Amendments Booker T. Washington - Education and economic progress were keys to achieving political and social equality. Learn skills to attain better wages. Head of the Tuskegee Institute. W.E.B. DuBois - Born into slavery. Political and social equality was the key to achieving economic independence. More militant than Washington. Established the Niagara Movement which worked towards achieving equal rights. Later organized the NAACP Civil Rights Movement Urban Migration National Urban League Poor race relations and farming conditions Job opportunities Womens Rights Movement NAWSA - Carrie Chapman Catt Alice Paul National Womans Party WWI 19 th Amendment Socialism 3 rd Party More radical than the Progressives public ownership of corporation and government regulation Catered to the working class Eugene V. Debs unsuccessful candidate in 5 Presidential Elections Some ideas eventually were accepted