The Occupational Structure and Clusters of the North San ... Reg Assessment/NSJV July...Part Two: NSJV Knowledge-Based Occupational Clusters in the Unlocking Rural Competitiveness

The Occupational Structure and Clusters of the North San Joaquin

Valley

2015.05.1

Technical Report on the Occupational Structure and Clusters of the North San Joaquin Valley

Prepared by:

Jeffrey A. Michael and Thomas E. Pogue with the assistance of Jacob Baumbach, Jennifer Li, Gilbert Perez, Alfonso Rodriguez, Andie Smith, and Sydney Stanfill.

Center for Business and Policy Research Eberhardt School of Business University of the Pacific Sacramento Office: 3200 5th Avenue Sacramento, CA 95817 916-340-6084 Stockton Office: 3601 Pacific Avenue Stockton, CA 95211 209-946-2913 http://go.pacific.edu/cbpr

This report has been prepared by the Center for Business and Policy Research in the Eberhardt School of Business at the University of the Pacific. The report forms part of the North San Joaquin Valley regional economic assessment. This project is supported through the Department of

Commerce’s Economic Development Administration (EDA)’s Local Technical Assistance Project

No. 07-06-07037. The statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and other data in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Economic Development Administration (EDA).

© University of the Pacific, 2015.

Licensed under the Creative Commons Deed “Attribution- 4.0”

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Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

Part One: Occupational Structure of the NSJV Workforce ........................................................................ 7

Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 20

Part Two: NSJV Knowledge-Based Occupational Clusters in the Unlocking Rural Competitiveness

Project Framework .......................................................................................................................................... 21

The North San Joaquin Valley ................................................................................................................... 22

Merced County ............................................................................................................................................. 27

Stanislaus County ......................................................................................................................................... 31

San Joaquin County ..................................................................................................................................... 35

Health Care KBOC ...................................................................................................................................... 39

Appendices ........................................................................................................................................................ 43

A Review of Primary Employment Data .................................................................................................. 43

Knowledge Based Occupational Cluster Definitions ............................................................................. 48

California’s Occupational Clusters ............................................................................................................ 58

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Figures Figure 1 NSJV Total Employment 1969 to 2012 ......................................................................................... 7

Figure 2 NSJV Comparative Index of Total Employment 1969 to 2012.................................................. 8

Figure 3 NSJV Index of Total Employment by County 1969 to 2012 ...................................................... 8

Figure 4 Index of Merced County Workforce by City 2002 to 2011 ......................................................... 9

Figure 5 Index of Stanislaus County Workforce by City 2002 to 2011 ..................................................... 9

Figure 6 Index of San Joaquin County Workforce by City 2002 to 2011 ............................................... 10

Figure 7 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Gender in 2011 ................................................................ 10

Figure 8 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Race in 2011 ..................................................................... 11

Figure 9 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Ethnicity in 2011 .............................................................. 11

Figure 10 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Age in 2011 ..................................................................... 12

Figure 11 NSJV Workforce by Age 2006 to 2011 ...................................................................................... 12

Figure 12 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Ownership Type in 2012 .............................................. 13

Figure 13 NSJV Workforce by Educational Attainment in 2011 ............................................................. 13

Figure 14 Percentage of Workforce and Employed Residents with Bachelor’s degree or higher ....... 14

Figure 15 NSJV Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010 ............................... 22

Figure 16 Merced County Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010 .............. 27

Figure 17 Stanislaus County Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010 .......... 31

Figure 18 San Joaquin County Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010 ...... 35

Figure 19 Health Care Occupational Clusters’ Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010 .... 40

Figure 20 Comparison of Health Care Occupational Clusters Across the NSJV .................................. 41

Figure 21 NSJV and State-wide Health Care Occupational Location Quotients ................................... 42

Figure 22 NSJV Counties’ Employment by Database in 2011 ................................................................. 44

Figure 23 San Joaquin County County’s Employment by Database 2006 to 2011 ................................ 44

Figure 24 Stanislaus County County’s Employment by Database 2006 to 2011 ................................... 45

Figure 25 Merced County County’s Employment by Database 2006 to 2011 ....................................... 45

Figure 26 NSJV Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012 .................................................................... 46

Figure 27 San Joaquin County Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012 ........................................... 46

Figure 28 Stanislaus County Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012 ............................................... 47

Figure 29 Merced County Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012 ................................................... 47

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Tables Table 1 San Joaquin County Jobs-to-Employed Residents Ration in 2010 ............................................ 15 Table 2 Stanislaus County Jobs-to-Employed Residents Ration in 2010 ................................................ 16 Table 3 Merced County Jobs-to-Employed Residents Ration in 2010 .................................................... 17 Table 4 NSJV Workforce Employment and Location Quotient by Occupation (2013) ...................... 18 Table 5 NSJV Workforce Median Annual Wage by Occupation (2013) ................................................. 19 Table 6 NSJV Employment Cahnge 2001 & 2010 ..................................................................................... 24 Table 7 NSJV Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010 ............................................... 25 Table 8 NSJV Location Quotients 2001 & 2010 ........................................................................................ 26 Table 9 Merced County Employment Cahnge 2001 & 2010 .................................................................... 28 Table 10 Merced County Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010 ............................ 29 Table 11 Merced County Location Quotients 2001 & 2010 ..................................................................... 30 Table 12 Stanislaus County Employment Cahnge 2001 & 2010 .............................................................. 32 Table 13 Stanislaus County Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010 ........................ 33 Table 14 Stanislaus County Location Quotients 2001 & 2010 ................................................................. 34 Table 15 San Joaquin County Employment Change 2001 & 2010 .......................................................... 36 Table 16 San Joaquin County Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010 .................... 37 Table 17 San Joaquin County Location Quotients 2001 & 2010 ............................................................. 38 Table 18 Health Care Occupational Cluster Indicators ............................................................................. 39 Table A.19 Managerial, Sales, marketing, and Human Resources Occupations .................................... 48 Table A.20 Skilled Production Workers Occupations ............................................................................... 49 Table A.21 Health Care and Medical Science (aggregate) .......................................................................... 50 Table A.22 Health Care and Medical Science (Medical Practioners and Scientists) .............................. 50 Table A.23 Health Care and Medical Science (Medical Technicians) ...................................................... 50 Table A.24 Health Care and Medical Science (Therapy, Counseling, Nursing, and Rehabilitation) ... 51 Table A.25 Mathematics, Statistics, Data amd Accounting Occupations ............................................... 51 Table A.26 Legal and Financial Services and Real Estate Occupations .................................................. 52 Table A.27 Information Technology Occupations ..................................................................................... 53 Table A.28 Natural Sciences and Envrionmental Mangaement Occupations ........................................ 53 Table A.29 Agribusiness and Food Technology Occupations .................................................................. 54 Table A.30 Primary/Secondary and Vocational Education, Remediation and Social Services ............ 54 Table A.31 Building, Landscape and Construction Design Occupations ............................................... 55 Table A.32 Engineering and Related Sciences Occupations ..................................................................... 55 Table A.33 Personal Care Occupations ........................................................................................................ 56 Table A.34 Arta, Entertainment Publishing and Broadcasting Occupations ........................................ 56 Table A.35 Publics Safety and Domestic Security Occupations ............................................................... 57 Table A.36 Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation Occupations ...................................... 57 Table A.37 California’s Cluster Employment Changes .............................................................................. 58 Table A.38 California’s Occupational Clusters Shares of Total Employment ....................................... 58 Table A.39 California’s Clusters’ Location Quotients ................................................................................ 59

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Introduction This analysis of the Occupational Structure and Clusters of the North San Joaquin Valley (NSJV) is the fifth technical report from the NSJV Regional Assessment Project. Through this and the other reports, the project is providing knowledge about the resources available to support regional development. These reports will also establish a foundation for a focused regional development

strategy that is aligned with other development plans. This report, like the others, applies a variety of analytical tools and methods in order to facilitate a deeper empirical understanding of the NSJV’s areas of competitive advantage and their geographies. An extensive Appendix elaborates on the contents of this report, with the (+) next to tables and figures denoting additional material on the

subject are contained in the Appendix.

Human capital employed in the NSJV, the NSJV workforce, is focused upon in the first part of the

analysis. It begins with an overview of the workforce’s size and growth. That is followed by

descriptions of workforce’s age, gender, race & ethnicity, and educational attainment. It also includes intra-regional profiles of the workforce size and growth. Intra- and inter-regional mobility of skills is also analyzed through occupational and industry based jobs-to-employment ratios as well as

comparison of educational attainment levels of employed residents and the workforce.

Part Two of the analysis of examines knowledge based occupational clusters (KBOC) in the North San Joaquin Valley (NSJV) using the framework and tool developed by the Unlocking Rural

Competitiveness (URC) project as a resource for enhancing regional competitiveness in support of

the knowledge-based economy.1 The URC uses 15 KBOC in their framework. These occupational

clusters were defined through a detailed analysis of job functions and areas of knowledge utilized in the occupations. Using classifications from the Standard Occupation Classification System (SOC

code) and domains defined in the Occupational Information Network (O*Net), the clusters were

derived with a hierarchical clustering algorithm, which minimized variance in clusters based on the types of knowledge the occupations utilize.2 The analysis begins with a review of the NSJV as a whole before turning to analyses of Merced, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin counties. Owing to the

importance and diversity of the Health Care KBOC, the final section reviews three health care

occupational sub-clusters across the NSJV and the counties.

1 For methodological details see the URC web-site: http://www.statsamerica.org/innovation/report_role_of_regional_clusters_2007.html 2 See Table A14 to Table A31 in the Appendix for a list of occupations contained in each cluster.

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Part One: Occupational Structure of the NSJV Workforce Human capital employed in the NSJV is the focus of this part of the analysis. It begins with an overview of workforce’s size and growth. The workforce’s age, gender, race & ethnicity, and educational attainment are then presented. Intra-regional profiles of the workforce size and growth follow. Intra- and inter-regional mobility of skills is also analyzed through occupational and jobs-to-

employment ratios and location quotients as well as comparison of educational attainment levels of employed residents and the workforce. Owing to the diversity of data needed to profile the workforce it is recommend that the reader refer to the Appendix for a brief description of the differences between measures of employment across the primary databases.

Figure 1 NSJV Total Employment 1969 to 2012

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CA25N Total full-time and part-time employment.

The total employment in in the NSJV has been growing since 1969 and has seen a high in

employment numbers over 600,000. The NSJV has experienced drops in employment in

1981-1983, 1991-1994, and 2008-2010. Comparing the changes in employment, Figure 56, to

its compatriot on population changes, Figure 1, it is notable that despite the substantial drop in employment since 2006 the region’s population has continued to grow albeit at a lower rate.

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Figure 2 NSJV Comparative Index of Total Employment 1969 to 2012


The NSJV employment growth rate since 1969 has been greater than the US and mostly

greater than California with the exception of 1982-1990. This is as we would expect given

the region’s higher population growth than either the state or nation.

Figure 3 NSJV Index of Total Employment by County 1969 to 2012


Across the NSJV, Stanislaus County has experienced the strongest growth in employment.

Merced County’s employment growth has not maintained such stable growth experiencing

less upward trends eventually falling to the bottom of the three trends. Since 2010 all three counties employment rates are trending up.

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Figure 4 Index of Merced County Workforce by City 2002 to 2011

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 to 2011 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics.

Most cities in Merced County experienced a dip in employment between 2007 and 2010.

Some cities like Dos Palos and the City of Merced had not seen a rebound in their

employment through 2011.

Figure 5 Index of Stanislaus County Workforce by City 2002 to 2011


Stanislaus County has seen many fluctuations in its workforce. Cities in this period with

lower employment in 2011 than 2002 include: Modesto, Oakdale, Riverbank, and Waterford. Cities that have managed to expand their employment include: Ceres, Newman, Patterson, Salida, and Turlock.

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Figure 6 Index of San Joaquin County Workforce by City 2002 to 2011


San Joaquin County cities saw their largest growth in workforce numbers during 2005-2008,

but nearly all have seen marked declines with the Great Recession in 2009. As of 2011, every

city with the exception of Stockton had seen their workforce start to grow again.

Figure 7 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Gender in 2011

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics.

In NSJV there are more females in the workforce than males. This differs from the

California statistics where there are slightly more men. There are more women working in both San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties, but in Merced County there are even amounts of

both genders.

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Figure 8 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Race in 2011


Most of the workforce in NSJV is white; it is about 5% larger in its share of the region’s

employed than the state as a whole. The second largest share of employment is that of Asians with 11.2% throughout all of NSJV and 14.4% in San Joaquin County.

Figure 9 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Ethnicity in 2011


The NSJV has more Hispanics/Latinos in the workforce than the state. Merced County has

a particularly large share of Hispanics in its workforce, 41.9%, which is almost 12% greater than California’s portion of the workforce.

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Figure 10 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Age in 2011


The age structure of the NSJV’s workforce is similar to the state overall, but as we would

expect with its population as a whole, the NSJV has a more youthful workforce. In 2011,

24.1% of the region’s population was less than 30 years old, but state-wide that figure was

22.9%.

Figure 11 NSJV Workforce by Age 2006 to 2011


Over time, the NSJV workforce has had fewer people under 30 years old. The 55 or older

group has grown by 4.3% since 2006. This aging of the workforce corresponds to the aging trend of the population as a whole.

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Figure 12 NSJV Comparison of Workforce by Ownership Type in 2012

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.

While the majority of the NSJV workforce was employed by private companies, the private sector formed a smaller share of employment in the region than it did state-wide. Across the region, Merced County had the largest relative shares employed by state and local government.

Figure 13 NSJV Workforce by Educational Attainment in 2011


High school or less was the highest level of education for 40.7% of the NSJV workforce. In

comparison only 36.5% of the workforce state-wide had high school or less as their highest level of education. Regionally, with 46.5% Merced County had the highest share of its

workforce with high school or less as their highest level of education. San Joaquin and

Stanislaus were similar with 39.4% and 39.9% of their respective workforces having high school or less as their highest level of education.

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Figure 14 Percentage of Workforce and Employed Residents with Bachelor’s degree or higher


Comparing the qualifications of an area’s workforce to its employed residents is an indicator

of skill in-flows/out-flows. In this regard there seems to be an outflow of skills from the

region, with 27.5% of employed residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher, but only 25.6%

of the workforce with that level of qualification. Within the region, San Joaquin County had

the greatest gap between its workforce (26.6%) and employed residents (29.4%) with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Stanislaus and Merced counties also had more employed residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher than their workforces suggesting that there is a

regional outflow of skills.3

A more nuanced view of the flow of skills into and out of the Region is presented when one

compares the occupational composition of the workforce to that of its employed residents. Therefore Tables 1 to 3 report these jobs-to-employed resident ratios by major occupational

category.

3 For further discussion on the mobility of skills please see the NSJV Technical Paper on Commuting Patterns.

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Table 1 San Joaquin County Jobs-to-Employed Residents Ration in 2010

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey (5 Year: 2006-2010).

In San Joaquin County, the four-occupations with the lowest employment-to-residence ratios, those most likely to work out-side the county, are relatively skilled occupations: math

& computer occupations; architecture & engineering occupations; life, physical, & social

science occupations; and management occupations. Transportation and material moving was the only occupation that the County imported skills on net.

2010 SOC Occupation:County

EmploymentEmployed Residents

Net Excess Residents

Jobs-to-Employed Residents

15-0000 Computer and mathematical occupations 1,915 3,955 2,040 0.4817-0000 Architecture and engineering occupations 2,385 3,779 1,394 0.6319-0000 Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,080 1,575 495 0.6911-0000 Management occupations 17,220 22,592 5,372 0.7647-0000 Construction and extraction occupations 12,910 16,865 3,955 0.7713-0000 Business and financial operations specialists 7,760 10,086 2,326 0.7729-0000 Healthcare practitioners and technicians occupations 9,525 11,578 2,053 0.8237-0000 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 8,140 9,727 1,587 0.8427-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 2,315 2,765 450 0.8451-0000 Production occupations 15,450 18,259 2,809 0.8543-0000 Office and administrative support occupations 34,205 40,383 6,178 0.8533-0000 Protective service occupations 5,860 6,909 1,049 0.8531-0000 Healthcare support occupations 5,300 6,235 935 0.85

00-0000 Total, all occupations 233,065 271,639 38,574 0.8649-0000 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 9,220 10,630 1,410 0.8741-0000 Sales and related occupations 26,115 29,868 3,753 0.8723-0000 Legal occupations 1,350 1,543 193 0.8721-0000 Community and social service occupations 3,780 4,315 535 0.8835-0000 Food preparation and serving related occupations 11,115 12,569 1,454 0.8839-0000 Personal care and service occupations 9,150 10,233 1,083 0.8925-0000 Education, training, and library occupations 13,350 14,459 1,109 0.9245-0000 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 9,835 10,315 480 0.9553-0000 Transportation and material moving occupations 23,305 22,999 -306 1.01

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Table 2 Stanislaus County Jobs-to-Employed Residents Ration in 2010

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey (5 Year: 2006-2010).

Stanislaus County had a higher overall jobs-to-employed resident ratio (0.91), than either Merced or San Joaquin counties. The occupations with the lowest employment-to-residence

ratios were also more mixed than San Joaquin, with protective services and construction

occupations among architecture & engineering and math & computer occupations. In addition, healthcare practitioners and technician occupations was a net importer of skills as well as community and social service occupations.

2010 SOC Occupation:County

EmploymentEmployed Residents



17-0000 Architecture and engineering occupations 2,445 1,510 935 0.6233-0000 Protective service occupations 4,180 2,950 1,230 0.7147-0000 Construction and extraction occupations 13,380 9,730 3,650 0.7315-0000 Computer and mathematical occupations 1,715 1,300 415 0.7653-0000 Transportation and material moving occupations 17,485 13,845 3,640 0.7949-0000 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 8,240 6,600 1,640 0.8051-0000 Production occupations 15,770 13,590 2,180 0.8619-0000 Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,030 905 125 0.88

00-0000 Total, all occupations 201,005 182,635 18,370 0.9111-0000 Management occupations 14,375 13,100 1,275 0.9137-0000 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 7,780 7,240 540 0.9343-0000 Office and administrative support occupations 28,165 26,255 1,910 0.9313-0000 Business and financial operations specialists 5,575 5,225 350 0.9423-0000 Legal occupations 1,100 1,045 55 0.9545-0000 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 6,900 6,570 330 0.9525-0000 Education, training, and library occupations 12,125 11,805 320 0.9741-0000 Sales and related occupations 22,650 22,155 495 0.9827-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,980 1,945 35 0.9831-0000 Healthcare support occupations 4,480 4,405 75 0.9835-0000 Food preparation and serving related occupations 9,815 9,760 55 0.9939-0000 Personal care and service occupations 8,065 8,035 30 1.0021-0000 Community and social service occupations 3,245 3,425 -180 1.0629-0000 Healthcare practitioners and technicians occupations 8,430 9,210 -780 1.09

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Table 3 Merced County Jobs-to-Employed Residents Ration in 2010

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey (5 Year : 2006-2010).

Merced County had an overall jobs-to-employed resident ratio that was equal to San Joaquin County’s (0.86). However, the occupations with the lowest employment-to-residence ratios

were also not clearly dominated by higher skilled occupations. The three occupations with

the lowest ratios were: construction, transportation and material moving, and protective services. While math & computer occupations had the fourth lowest ratio, it was followed by cleaning and maintenance occupations.

Location quotients are another valuable human capital indicator which can be used to assess the extent employment is concentrated in a particular occupation. Taking the ratio of

employment in an area to a larger reference area, a location quotient of one indicates similar

concentration, while ratios greater than one indicates higher concentration in the reference area, and ratios less than one indicate lower concentration. Using the California workforce as a reference, occupational location quotients are estimated in Table 4 for the NSJV workforce

and its counties.

2010 SOC Occupation: County JobsEmployed Residents



47-0000 Construction and extraction occupations 6,365 4,095 2,270 0.6453-0000 Transportation and material moving occupations 9,340 7,010 2,330 0.7533-0000 Protective service occupations 1,765 1,375 390 0.7815-0000 Computer and mathematical occupations 585 465 120 0.7937-0000 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,400 3,500 900 0.8023-0000 Legal occupations 405 325 80 0.8021-0000 Community and social service occupations 1,660 1,420 240 0.8631-0000 Healthcare support occupations 1,925 1,655 270 0.86

00-0000 Total, all occupations 91,440 78,755 12,685 0.8635-0000 Food preparation and serving related occupations 4,550 3,950 600 0.8751-0000 Production occupations 6,570 5,730 840 0.8743-0000 Office and administrative support occupations 11,830 10,380 1,450 0.8849-0000 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 3,065 2,705 360 0.8839-0000 Personal care and service occupations 3,775 3,350 425 0.8913-0000 Business and financial operations specialists 2,225 1,985 240 0.8911-0000 Management occupations 4,635 4,140 495 0.8941-0000 Sales and related occupations 8,865 7,950 915 0.9027-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 925 840 85 0.9145-0000 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 7,975 7,560 415 0.9517-0000 Architecture and engineering occupations 485 470 15 0.9729-0000 Healthcare practitioners and technicians occupations 3,160 3,070 90 0.9719-0000 Life, physical, and social science occupations 605 610 -5 1.0125-0000 Education, training, and library occupations 4,920 4,965 -45 1.01

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Table 4 NSJV Workforce Employment and Location Quotient by Occupation (2013)

NSJV San Joaquin

County Stanislaus County Merced County

Occupation: Employment CA L.Q. Employment

CA L.Q. Employment

CA L.Q. Employment

CA L.Q.

All Occupations 421,480 1.00 202,710 1 157,800 1 60,970 1

Management Occupations 18,560 0.77 8,440 0.73 7,580 0.84 2,540 0.73 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 11,820 0.50 5,740 0.50 4,760 0.53 1,320 0.38 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 3,740 0.27 1,810 0.27 1,520 0.29 410 0.20 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 2,600 0.29 1,410 0.32 920 0.27 270 0.21 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 2,620 0.51 1,120 0.45 960 0.50 540 0.73 Community and Social Service Occupations 7,510 1.16 3,380 1.09 3,030 1.25 1,100 1.17

Legal Occupations 1,530 0.44 800 0.48 600 0.46 130 0.26 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 34,170 1.33 14,970 1.21 12,290 1.28 6,910 1.86 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 2,990 0.36 1,330 0.33 1,260 0.40 400 0.33 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 22,630 1.08 11,100 1.10 9,290 1.19 2,240 0.74

Healthcare Support Occupations 12,280 1.22 5,890 1.21 4,750 1.26 1,640 1.12

Protective Service Occupations 8,800 0.87 4,760 0.98 2,730 0.72 1,310 0.90 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 36,370 0.94 16,980 0.91 14,430 0.99 4,960 0.88 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 12,710 0.95 5,600 0.87 5,310 1.06 1,800 0.93 Personal Care and Service Occupations 9,750 0.88 4,880 0.92 3,650 0.88 1,220 0.77

Sales and Related Occupations 46,100 1.04 22,320 1.05 18,130 1.09 5,650 0.88 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 64,110 0.93 30,310 0.91 23,180 0.89 10,620 1.06 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 20,600 3.54 9,060 3.23 6,880 3.16 4,660 5.53 Construction and Extraction Occupations 13,180 0.93 6,720 0.99 5,080 0.96 1,380 0.67 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 15,730 1.17 7,670 1.18 5,500 1.09 2,560 1.31

Production Occupations 31,060 1.34 14,510 1.31 11,940 1.38 4,610 1.38 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 42,620 1.57 23,910 1.83 14,010 1.38 4,700 1.20

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics. May 2013.

The highest occupational location quotients in the NSJV were in farming (3.5),

transportation (1.6), and education (1.3).

The lowest occupational location quotients in the NSJV were in math & computers (0.27),

engineering (0.29), arts & media (0.36), and legal (0.44).

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Table 5 NSJV Workforce Median Annual Wage by Occupation (2013)

San Joaquin County Stanislaus County Merced County

Occupation: Employment

Median Annual Wage

CA LQ Employment

Median Annual Wage

CA LQ Employment

Median Annual Wage

CA LQ

All Occupations 202,710 $34,330 1 157,800 $33,470 1 60,970 $30,380 1 Management Occupations 8,440 $87,010 0.73 7,580 $88,170 0.84 2,540 $85,700 0.73 Business and Financial Operations Occupations

5,740 $61,770 0.50 4,760 $57,930 0.53 1,320 $57,190 0.38

Computer and Mathematical Occupations

1,810 $63,520 0.27 1,520 $69,570 0.29 410 $67,380 0.20

Architecture and Engineering Occupations

1,410 $81,130 0.32 920 $69,810 0.27 270 $75,940 0.21

Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations

1,120 $67,590 0.45 960 $53,380 0.50 540 $58,300 0.73

Community and Social Service Occupations

3,380 $48,620 1.09 3,030 $44,150 1.25 1,100 $48,900 1.17

Legal Occupations 800 $86,430 0.48 600 $56,130 0.46 130 $76,100 0.26 Education, Training, and Library Occupations

14,970 $50,380 1.21 12,290 $46,690 1.28 6,910 $53,110 1.86

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations

1,330 $37,070 0.33 1,260 $38,520 0.40 400 $38,670 0.33

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations

11,100 $78,560 1.10 9,290 $89,940 1.19 2,240 $62,110 0.74

Healthcare Support Occupations 5,890 $27,100 1.21 4,750 $29,090 1.26 1,640 $26,220 1.12 Protective Service Occupations 4,760 $51,150 0.98 2,730 $44,250 0.72 1,310 $54,970 0.90 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations

16,980 $19,140 0.91 14,430 $19,210 0.99 4,960 $19,060 0.88

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations

5,600 $26,650 0.87 5,310 $26,860 1.06 1,800 $25,800 0.93

Personal Care and Service Occupations 4,880 $20,450 0.92 3,650 $20,140 0.88 1,220 $20,850 0.77 Sales and Related Occupations 22,320 $25,110 1.05 18,130 $23,970 1.09 5,650 $22,090 0.88 Office and Administrative Support Occupations

30,310 $34,590 0.91 23,180 $32,400 0.89 10,620 $29,310 1.06

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations

9,060 $18,420 3.23 6,880 $18,680 3.16 4,660 $18,540 5.53

Construction and Extraction Occupations

6,720 $49,730 0.99 5,080 $43,880 0.96 1,380 $40,530 0.67

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations

7,670 $44,550 1.18 5,500 $41,190 1.09 2,560 $41,520 1.31

Production Occupations 14,510 $30,260 1.31 11,940 $30,030 1.38 4,610 $30,100 1.38 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations

23,910 $32,410 1.83 14,010 $32,580 1.38 4,700 $26,810 1.20

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics. May 2013.

Table 5 reports the median annual wage across occupations.

In both Stanislaus and San Joaquin counties, healthcare practitioners had location quotients

greater than one which is encouraging for an occupation with such a high median annual wage. However, both counties also had location quotients greater than one for sales

occupation, which has a relatively low median annual wage.

In each county three occupations had relatively high median annual wages and location

quotients greater than one: community & social services; education & training; and installation/repair.

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With the exception of arts & media, all of the occupations with the lowest regional location

quotients had relatively high median annual wages.

In each county four occupations had relatively low median annual wages and location

quotients greater than one: transportation, production, farming, and healthcare support.

Summary Human capital employed in the NSJV was the focus of this part of the analysis. It began with an

overview of workforce’s size and growth. That showed that the region’s workforce growth has been similar to that seen state-wide and nationally despite much higher population growth rates. The workforce’s age, gender, race and ethnicity were shown to follow the same general pattern as the region’s employed population. However, in educational attainment the workforce was shown to be

lower levels than the state as a whole. Comparing the region’s workforce to its employed population, the analysis showed evidence of a skills biased commuter population. This was further substantiated through an analysis of occupational jobs-to-employed resident ratios where higher skilled occupations were disproportionately represented among occupations that employed residents

exceeded local employment. Location quotient analysis provided further evidence of the workforce’s

limited concentration in higher skilled occupations.

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Part Two: NSJV Knowledge-Based Occupational Clusters in the Unlocking Rural Competitiveness Project Framework Using the decade of data available from the Regional Frontier project we are able to identify changes in

knowledge-intensive occupational cluster (KBOC) across the region. The analysis thereby helps in

identifying which occupations provide the best opportunities to build different types of skills. It also

shows the clusters’ competitive skills advantage through the use of location quotients (LQ)

comparing local employment shares to the nation. Comparing these LQ over time, we identify how

the clusters have been performing. While an analysis of the relationship between KBOC and

industrial clusters in the region is still needed to identify and communicate the talent pipeline

necessary to support businesses within the region; this initial analysis provides useful insights into

the NSJV’s talent base currently employed in the NSJV.

What are Knowledge-Based Occupations?

It is important to remember that KBOCs consist of a subset of occupations (about two-fifths

regionally) defined by the degree of skill, knowledge, and education need to fulfill the occupational requirements. Occupations in the KBOCs are those that required more specialized training. If an occupation only required some preparation it is not considered ‘knowledge-based’

and was not included in these clusters. In practice, most occupations in the KBOCs require

more than a high school diploma and some on-the-job experience.

KBOC, like the agribusiness and food technology KBOC, might not at first seem to be

knowledge intensive, but that cluster consists of such occupations as:

Food scientists

Agricultural managers

Biological & chemical technicians

Veterinarians

Water system operators

It does not include occupations like:

Farmworkers and laborers

Tree trimmers

Agricultural equipment operators

Packers and packagers

Page 22 of 59

KBOC in the NSJV as a whole are reviewed in the first section. Using a four quadrant diagram to

compare the clusters’ LQ in 2001 and 2010, leading and lagging clusters in the region are identified.

Changes in the clusters’ employment are then reviewed. In order to show the relative importance of

the clusters and their change, employment shares in 2001 and 2010 are also reviewed. The section

then concludes with a summary and the LQ dynamics illustrated in the four quadrant diagram.

After the NSJV, attention turns to Merced, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin counties in subsequent

sections. Owing to the importance and diversity of the Health Care KBOC, the final section reviews

three health care occupational sub-clusters: 1) Medical practitioners and scientists, 2) Medical

Technicians, and 3) Therapy, counselling, nursing, and rehabilitation workers. Following an

overview of employment, shares, and LQs in the cluster and its sub-clusters comparative figures for

the counties across the health care clusters are presented. The section concludes with a presentation

of figures comparing the sub-clusters by county and then a comparison of the region to the state.

The North San Joaquin Valley In Figure 15 we see that there are two KBOC in Quadrant I. As the quadrant is denoted by clusters with location quotients above 1.2 in both 2001 and 2010, clusters in this quadrant have enduring

regional concentration. In the quadrant, the agribusiness and food technology cluster is above the

line of unity, indicating that concentration increased in this cluster between 2001 and 2010. In 2010, employment in the agribusiness and food technology cluster was 15,900, which represented a 5% increase on 2001 employment.

Figure 15 NSJV Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010

Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.

Page 23 of 59

The primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC by contrast was below the line of unity, which indicates a decline in its apparent competitive advantage. There were 37,601 jobs in this

cluster in 2010, which was a 1% increase in total employment from 2001. Nonetheless, the cluster’s LQ declined by just over 5% from 1.33 to 1.26.

There was a single KBOC, personal services, in Quadrant II. This quadrant contains clusters with

2010 LQ is above 1.2 but whose 2001 LQ was below 1.2, implying that competitive advantage in the cluster is emerging. The personal services KBOC employed 17,116 in 2010, which was an increase of nearly 5,700 jobs or 50% more than 2001 levels. As a result of this relatively high increase in employment, the cluster’s LQ increased by 12% from 1.11 in 2001 to 1.24 in 2010.

The vast majority of NSJV KBOC were in Quadrant III. Clusters in that quadrant had LQs below 1.2 in 2001 and 2010, indicating that no competitive advantage was apparent during this period. Clusters above the line of unity in this quadrant demonstrated increased concentration during the

period, but regionally this only occurred in two KBOC: engineering and health care. The health

cluster in aggregate employed 29,457 in 2010, which was 4,084 or 16% more than its level in 2001.4 The engineering cluster increased employment by 4% from 2,117 in 2001 to 2,193 in 2010.

Ten KBOC in Quadrant III were below the line of unity during this period, indicating a loss in

competitiveness. In total, 2010 employment in these KBOC was 142,466 or 58% of all jobs in these knowledge-intensive occupations. Three of the ten occupations did in fact see their employment rise

despite declining concentration. The arts, entertainment, publishing and broadcasting cluster grew its

employment by 9% from 7,585 in 2001 to 8,271 in 2010; public safety employment by 8% from 5,603 in 2001 to 6,023 in 2010; and the legal and financial cluster increase employment by 2% from 37,200 to 37,770. The figure also shows that regionally there were no KBOC in Quadrant IV, which

indicates clusters that had competitive advantage, but lost this during the period.

4 See the section below on Health Care Occupational Clusters for additional discussion.

Page 24 of 59

Table 6 NSJV Employment Cahnge 2001 & 2010

KBOC:

2001 Cluster

Jobs

2010 Cluster

Jobs

Change 2001-2010

Percent Change,

2001-2010

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 37,200 37,770 570 1.53%Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 37,140 37,601 461 1.24%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 38,876 36,256 -

2,620 -6.74%Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 40,617 35,763

-4,854 -11.95%

Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 25,373 29,457 4,084 16.10%Personal Services Occupations 11,418 17,116 5,698 49.90%Agribusiness and Food Technology 15,145 15,900 755 4.99%Arts, Entertainment, Publishing and Broadcasting 7,585 8,271 686 9.04%Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 7,824 7,719 -105 -1.34%Public Safety and Domestic Security 5,603 6,023 420 7.50%Information Technology (IT) 4,608 4,298 -310 -6.73%Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 4,210 3,927 -283 -6.72%Engineering and Related Sciences 2,117 2,193 76 3.59%Building, Landscape and Construction Design 2,340 1,646 -694 -29.66%Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 1,776 793 -983 -55.35%


Table 6 shows that NSJV employment in these KBOC increased by about 1% from 241,832

to 244,733 between 2001 and 2010.

In this period, the KBOC with the largest increase in employment were: 1) Personal services

and 2) Health (aggregate).

KBOC with the largest decrease in employment were: 1) Skilled Production Workers and 2)

Managerial.

KBOC with the largest employment growth rates included: 1) Personal services, 2) Health

(aggregate), and 3) Arts and Entertainment.

KBOC with the largest employment contraction rates included: 1) Natural sciences, 2)

Building & construction, and 3) Skilled production workers.

Page 25 of 59

Table 7 NSJV Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010

KBOC:

2001 Occ. Cluster Share of

Total Emp.


Total Emp.

Change 2001-2010

Percent Change, 2001-2010

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 6.70% 6.70% 0.00% 0.00%

Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 6.70% 6.60% -0.10% -1.49%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 7.00% 6.40% -0.60% -8.57%

Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 7.30% 6.30% -1.00% -13.70%

Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 4.60% 5.20% 0.60% 13.04%

Personal Services Occupations 2.10% 3.00% 0.90% 42.86%

Agribusiness and Food Technology 2.70% 2.80% 0.10% 3.70%

Arts, Entertainment, Publishing and Broadcasting 1.40% 1.50% 0.10% 7.14%

Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 1.40% 1.40% 0.00% 0.00%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 1.00% 1.10% 0.10% 10.00%

Information Technology (IT) 0.80% 0.80% 0.00% 0.00%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 0.80% 0.70% -0.10% -12.50%

Engineering and Related Sciences 0.40% 0.40% 0.00% 0.00%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 0.40% 0.30% -0.10% -25.00%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 0.30% 0.10% -0.20% -66.67%Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.

Table 7 shows that all employment in these KBOC accounted for 43% of all NSJV

employment in 2010.

The KBOC share of NSJV employment dropped marginally from 44% in 2001 to 43% in

2010.

Personal services and health care (aggregate) both had the largest increases in their share of

employment, growing by 0.9% and 0.6% respectively.

In terms of declines in shares of total employment, KBOC with the largest drops were: 1)

skilled production workers (-1%), and 2) Managerial (-0.6%).

Along with the strong growth rates of the personal services (43%) and health care (13%), the

public safety KBOC (10%) and the arts & entertainment KBOC (7%) also recorded

significant rates of increase in their shares of employment.

KBOC with the largest rates of decline in their employment shares include: 1) Natural

science (-67%), 2) Building and construction (-25%), 3)Skilled production workers (-14%),

and 4) Postsecondary education (-13%).

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Table 8 NSJV Location Quotients 2001 & 2010

Description

2001 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

2010 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

Change 2001-2010


Agribusiness and Food Technology 1.69 1.85 0.16 9.47%Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 1.33 1.26 -0.07

-5.26%

Personal Services Occupations 1.11 1.24 0.1311.71

%Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 0.9 0.92 0.02 2.22%Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 0.96 0.9 -0.06

-6.25%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 0.9 0.89 -0.01-

1.11%

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 0.86 0.85 -0.01-

1.16%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 0.84 0.82 -0.02-

2.38%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 0.84 0.65 -0.19

-22.62

%

Arts, Entertainment, Publishing and Broadcasting 0.7 0.63 -0.07

-10.00

%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 0.66 0.61 -0.05-

7.58%

Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 0.58 0.55 -0.03-

5.17%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 0.72 0.52 -0.2

-27.78

%

Engineering and Related Sciences 0.34 0.43 0.0926.47

%

Information Technology (IT) 0.4 0.38 -0.02-

5.00%Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.

Table 8 summarizes the data displayed in Figure 15.

In Quadrant I, the agribusiness KBOC saw its LQ increase by 10% in the period while the

primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC saw its LQ decrease by 5%.

In Quadrant II, the only KBOC was personal services. Its LQ increased 12% during the

period.

Page 27 of 59

In Quadrant III that all employment in these KBOC accounted for 43% of all NSJV

employment in 2010.

The vast majority of NSJV KBOC were in Quadrant III.

o Among the two clusters above the line of unity in the quadrant engineering recorded

a 27% increase in its LQ while health care’s LQ rose by 2%.

o Among the clusters in the quadrant below the line of unity, those with the largest LQ

decline included: 1) Natural sciences (-28%), 2) Building & construction (-23%), and

3) arts & entertainment (-10%).

There were no KBOC regionally in Quadrant IV

Merced County In Figure 16 there are three occupational clusters in Quadrant I. As elsewhere, clusters in this

quadrant have enduring regional concentration. In the quadrant, the agribusiness and food technology KBOC is above the line of unity, indicating that concentration increased in this KBOC between 2001 and 2010. In 2010, employment in the agribusiness and food technology KBOC was 4,230, which represented a 9% increase on 2001 employment.

Figure 16 Merced County Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010


The two occupational KBOC below the line of unity experienced declines in their competitive advantage. The primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC was the largest, it employed

6,989 in 2010 but that was down 629 jobs or 8% from its 2001 level. The other KBOC in this

Page 28 of 59

portion of the quadrant, public safety, experienced 4% growth in employment, but its LQ declined nonetheless from 1.41 in 2001 to 1.28 in 2010.

There was again just one occupational KBOC in Quadrant II: personal services. Implying that competitive advantage in the KBOC is emerging, the personal services KBOC employed 3,194 in 2010, which was an increase of 1,465 or 85% higher than 2001 levels. As a result, the KBOC’s LQ

increased 31% from 1.12 to 1.47.

Eleven of Merced County’s fifteen occupational KBOC were in Quadrant III. KBOC in this quadrant had no apparent competitive advantage. In this quadrant only the health care KBOC was

above the line of unity, indicating increasing competitiveness. In aggregate, the health KBOC employed 3,473 in 2010, which were 874 or 34% more than its level in 2001. Ten KBOC were below the line of unity in the quadrant, indicating a loss of competitiveness. In total, 2010 employment in these occupational KBOC was 25,830 or 68% of all jobs in these knowledge-

intensive occupations. Among these, only the legal and financial KBOC had employment growth.

Its employment increased 9% from 4,459 to 4,845. The figure also shows that there were no KBOC in Quadrant IV in the county.

Table 9 Merced County Employment Cahnge 2001 & 2010

KBOC:

2001 Cluster

Jobs

2010 Cluster

Jobs

Change 2001-2010

Percent Change,

2001-2010 Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 7,618 6,989 -629 -8.3%

Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 5,603 5,240 -363 -6.5%

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 4,459 4,845 386 8.7%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 5,837 4,731 -1,106 -18.9%

Agribusiness and Food Technology 3,870 4,230 360 9.3%

Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 2,599 3,473 874 33.6%

Personal Services Occupations 1,729 3,194 1,465 84.7%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 1,317 1,368 51 3.9%

Arts, Entertainment, Publishing and Broadcasting 1,148 1,148 0 0.0%

Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 1,146 1,005 -141 -12.3%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 843 836 -7 -0.8%

Information Technology (IT) 551 504 -47 -8.5%

Engineering and Related Sciences 305 196 -109 -35.7%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 389 181 -208 -53.5%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 428 155 -273 -63.8% Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.

Table 9 shows that Merced County employment in these KBOC increased by about 1%

from 37,842 to 38,095 between 2001 and 2010.

Page 29 of 59

In this period, the KBOC with the largest increase in employment were: 1) Personal services

(1,465) and 2) Health care (874).

KBOC with the largest decrease in employment were: 1) Managerial (-1,106) and 2)

Primary/secondary educators & social workers (-629).

KBOC with the largest employment growth rates included: 1) Personal services (85%), and

2) Health care (34%).

KBOCs with the largest rates of employment contraction included: 1) Natural sciences (-

64%), 2) Building & construction (-54%), 3) Engineering (-36%) and 4) Managerial (-19%).

Table 10 Merced County Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010

KBOC:


Total Emp.


Total Emp.

Change 2001-2010


Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 9.1% 7.8% -1.3% -14.3%







Public Safety and Domestic Security 1.6% 1.5% -0.1% -6.3%

Arts, Entertainment, Publishing and Broadcasting 1.4% 1.3% -0.1% -7.1%

Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 1.4% 1.1% -0.3% -21.4%


Information Technology (IT) 0.7% 0.6% -0.1% -14.3%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 0.5% 0.2% -0.3% -60.0%


Engineering and Related Sciences 0.4% 0.2% -0.2% -50.0% Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.

Table 10 shows that all employment in these KBOC accounted for 43% of all Merced

County employment in 2010.

The KBOC share of Merced’s employment dropped from 45% in 2001 to 43% in 2010.

Personal services and health care both had the largest increases in their share of


In terms of declines in shares of total employment, KBOC with the largest drops were: 1)

Managerial (-1.7%), and 2) Primary/secondary educators & social workers (-1.3%).

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Besides the strong growth rates of the personal services (71%) and health care (26%)

KBOC, there were not any other KBOC with rates of increase in their shares of

employment.

KBOC with the largest rates of decline in their employment shares include: 1) Natural

science (-60%), 2) Building and construction (-60%), 3) Engineering (-50%) 4) Managerial (-

24%), and 5) Math & accounting (-21%).

Table 11 Merced County Location Quotients 2001 & 2010

KBOC

2001 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

2010 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

Change 2001-2010


Agribusiness and Food Technology 2.87 3.13 0.26 9.1% Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 1.81 1.49 -0.32 -17.7%

Personal Services Occupations 1.12 1.47 0.35 31.3%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 1.41 1.28 -0.13 -9.2%

Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 0.88 0.84 -0.04 -4.5%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 0.87 0.83 -0.04 -4.6%

Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 0.62 0.69 0.07 11.3%

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 0.69 0.69 0 0.0%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 0.84 0.68 -0.16 -19.0%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 1.16 0.64 -0.52 -44.8%

Arts, Entertainment, Publishing and Broadcasting 0.7 0.55 -0.15 -21.4%

Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 0.56 0.46 -0.1 -17.9%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 0.92 0.46 -0.46 -50.0%

Information Technology (IT) 0.32 0.28 -0.04 -12.5%

Engineering and Related Sciences 0.33 0.24 -0.09 -27.3%Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.


In Quadrant I, the agribusiness KBOC saw its LQ increase by 9% while the

primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC saw its LQ decrease by 18% and the

public safety KBOC’s LQ decreased 9%.


period.

Eleven of Merced County’s occupational KBOCs were in Quadrant III.

Page 31 of 59

o In the quadrant only the health care KBOC was above the line of unity, its LQ

increased 11%.

o Among the KBOCs in the quadrant below the line of unity, those with the largest

LQ decline included: 1) Building & construction (-50%), 2) Natural sciences (-45%),

3) Engineering (-27%), and 3) Arts & entertainment (-21%).

There were no Quadrant IV KBOCs in Merced County.

Stanislaus County In Figure 17 the agribusiness and food technology KBOC is the only occupational KBOC in Quadrant I. As it is above the line of unity, this KBOC increased its competitive advantage during the period. In 2010, employment in the agribusiness and food technology KBOC was 6,117, which represented a 7% increase over 2001.

The two occupational KBOC below the line of unity experienced declines in their competitive

advantage. The primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC was the largest, it employed 6,989 in 2010 but that was down 629 jobs or 8% from its 2001 level. The other KBOC in this

portion of the quadrant, public safety, experienced 4% growth in employment, but its LQ declined

nonetheless from 1.41 in 2001 to 1.28 in 2010.

The primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC was the single occupational KBOC in

Quadrant II. A KBOC with newly emergent competitive advantage, the primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC employed 13,626 in 2010, which was an increase of 1,273 or 10% higher than 2001 levels. As a result, the cluster’s LQ increased 5% from 1.17 to 1.23.

Figure 17 Stanislaus County Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010


Page 32 of 59

Thirteen of Stanislaus County’s occupational KBOCs are in Quadrant III. KBOCs in this quadrant have no apparent competitive advantage because there LQs have been less than 1.2 at the beginning

and end of the reviewed period. However, seven of these clusters in Stanislaus County are above the line of unity, indicating increasing competitiveness. Both the health KBOC and the personal services KBOC had 2010 LQs greater than one and more than 86% of the quadrant’s employment was in one of the clusters above the line of unity. In total, 2010 employment in this quadrant’s clusters was

71,417 or 78% of all the knowledge-intensive occupations. The figure also shows that there were no clusters in Quadrant IV in the county.

Table 12 Stanislaus County Employment Cahnge 2001 & 2010

KBOC:

2001 Cluster

Jobs

2010 Cluster

Jobs

Change 2001-2010

Percent Change,

2001-2010

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 13,975 14,416 441 3.2% Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 12,353 13,626 1,273 10.3%

Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 14,391 13,577 -814 -5.7%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 14,375 13,437 -938 -6.5%

Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 10,125 11,955 1,830 18.1%

Agribusiness and Food Technology 5,697 6,117 420 7.4%



Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 2,989 3,002 13 0.4%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 1,164 1,604 440 37.8%

Information Technology (IT) 1,866 1,508 -358 -19.2%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 1,663 1,217 -446 -26.8%

Engineering and Related Sciences 823 744 -79 -9.6%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 1,001 594 -407 -40.7%


Table 12 shows that Stanislaus County employment in these KBOC increased nearly 4%


In this period, the KBOCs with the largest increase in employment were: 1) Health care

(1,830), 2) Personal services (1,751) and 3) Primary/secondary educators & social workers

(1,273).

KBOCs with the largest decrease in employment were: 1) Managerial (-938) and 2) Skilled

production workers (-814).

KBOCs with the largest employment growth rates included: 1) Personal services (42%), and

2) Public safety (38%).

Page 33 of 59


58%), 2) Building & construction (-41%), 3) Postsecondary education (-27%) and 4)

Information technology (-19%).

Table 13 Stanislaus County Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010

KBOC:


Total Emp.


Total Emp.

Change 2001-2010



Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 6.9% 6.5% -0.4% -5.8% Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 5.9% 6.5% 0.6% 10.2%












Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 0.3% 0.1% -0.2% -66.7% Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.

Table 13 shows that total employment in these KBOCs accounted for 44% of all Stanislaus


The KBOCs’ share of Stanislaus’ employment increased from 42% in 2001 to 44% in 2010.

Health care and personal services had the largest increases in their share of employment,

growing by 0.9% and 0.8% respectively.

In terms of declines in shares of total employment, KBOCs with the largest drops were: 1)

Managerial (-0.5%), and 2) Skilled production workers (-0.4%).

Seven of the KBOCs recorded positive growth rates in their shares of employment. The

largest included: 1) Personal services (40%), 2) Public safety (33%), and 3) Health care

(19%).

Page 34 of 59

KBOCs with the largest rates of decline in their employment shares include: 1) Natural

science (-67%), 2) Building and construction (-40%), 3) Postsecondary education (-25%) and

4) Information technology (-22%).

Table 14 Stanislaus County Location Quotients 2001 & 2010

KBOC:

2001 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

2010 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

Change 2001-2010


Agribusiness and Food Technology 1.69 1.92 0.23 13.6% Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 1.17 1.23 0.06 5.1%


Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 0.96 1.01 0.05 5.2%

Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 0.9 0.93 0.03 3.3%

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 0.86 0.87 0.01 1.2%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 0.82 0.82 0 0.0%


Building, Landscape and Construction Design 0.95 0.64 -0.31 -32.6%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 0.5 0.64 0.14 28.0%




Engineering and Related Sciences 0.35 0.39 0.04 11.4%

Information Technology (IT) 0.43 0.36 -0.07 -16.3%Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.


In Quadrant I, the agribusiness KBOC saw its LQ increase by 14.

In Quadrant II, the only KBOC was the primary/secondary educators & social workers

KBOC. Its LQ increased 5% during the period.

Thirteen of Stanislaus County’s occupational KBOCs were in Quadrant III.

o Among the KBOCs in the quadrant above the line of unity, those with the largest

rates of LQ increase included: 1) Engineering (11%), and 2) Personal services (7%).


rates of LQ decline included: 1) Building & construction (-33%), 2) Natural sciences

(-31%), and 3) Postsecondary education (-16%).

There were no Quadrant IV KBOCs in Stanislaus County.

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San Joaquin County In Figure 18 there are two occupational KBOCs in Quadrant I, indicating KBOCs with enduring competitive advantage. One KBOC was above the line of unity: agribusiness and food technology, indicating that its concentration increased between 2001 and 2010. While employment in the agribusiness and food technology KBOC was static, its LQ increased 3% from 1.32 in 2001 to 1.36

in 2010. Primary/secondary educators & social workers was the other KBOC in the quadrant, but it was below the line of unity indicating a decline in competitive advantage. While employment in the primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC fell by about 1% its LQ declined 7% from 1.29 in 2001 to 1.2 in 2010.

Personal services were the only occupational KBOC in Quadrant II. This emerging KBOC employed 7,994 in 2010, which was an increase of 2,482 or 45% higher than 2001 levels. As a result, the cluster’s LQ increased 8% from 1.13 to 1.22.

Figure 18 San Joaquin County Occupational Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010


Twelve of San Joaquin County’s occupational clusters were in Quadrant III, in 2010 these KBOCs employed nearly 85,000 or 74% of all jobs in these knowledge-intensive occupations. KBOCs in this

quadrant had no apparent competitive advantage. Five clusters in this quadrant were above the line

of unity, indicating increasing competitiveness. Three of the five experienced increased employment, a larger employment share, as well a growth in their LQ: 1) Postsecondary education, 2) Engineering, and 3) Information Technology. Employment in these clusters totaled 24,371 in 2010

or about 29% of employment in the quadrant.

Seven KBOCs in the quadrant declined in competitiveness, i.e. were below the line of unity. Among these clusters, the largest LQ declines were in: 1) Skilled production workers, 2) Natural sciences,

Page 36 of 59

and 3) Public safety. Despite their declining competitiveness employment growth occurred in: 1) Health care (1,380), 2) Arts & entertainment (415), and 3) Mathematics (22). The figure also shows

that there were no clusters in Quadrant IV in the county.

Table 15 San Joaquin County Employment Change 2001 & 2010

KBOC:

2001 Cluster

Jobs

2010 Cluster

Jobs

Change 2001-2010

Percent Change,

2001-2010

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 18,766 18,509 -257 -1.4%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 18,664 18,087 -577 -3.1% Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 17,169 16,986 -183 -1.1%

Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 20,623 16,946 -3,677 -17.8%



Agribusiness and Food Technology 5,578 5,553 -25 -0.4%


Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 3,689 3,711 22 0.6%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 3,122 3,051 -71 -2.3%

Information Technology (IT) 2,191 2,285 94 4.3%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 1,704 1,874 170 10.0%

Engineering and Related Sciences 989 1,254 265 26.8%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 950 871 -79 -8.3%


Table 15 shows that San Joaquin County employment in these KBOC decreased marginally


In this period, the KBOCs with the largest increase in employment were: 1) Personal

services (2,482) and 2) Health care (1,380).

KBOCs with the largest decrease in employment were: 1) Skilled production workers (-

3,677), 2) Managerial (-577), and 3) Natural sciences (-376).

KBOCs with the largest employment growth rates included: 1) Personal services (45%), and

2) Engineering (27%).


49%), and 2) Skilled production workers (-18%).

Page 37 of 59

Table 16 San Joaquin County Occupational Shares of Total Employment 2001 & 2010

KBOC:


Total Emp.


Total Emp.

Change 2001-2010


Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 7.1% 6.9% -0.2% -2.8%


Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 7.8% 6.3% -1.5% -19.2% Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 6.5% 6.3% -0.2% -3.1%






Public Safety and Domestic Security 1.2% 1.1% -0.1% -8.3%

Information Technology (IT) 0.8% 0.9% 0.1% 12.5%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 0.6% 0.7% 0.1% 16.7%



Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 0.3% 0.1% -0.2% -66.7% Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.

Table 16 shows that all employment in these KBOCs accounted for 43% of all San Joaquin


The KBOCs’ share of San Joaquin’s employment dropped from 44% in 2001 to 43% in

2010.

Personal services and health care both had the largest increases in their share of


In terms of declines in shares of total employment, KBOCs with the largest drops were: 1)

Skilled production workers (-1.5%), and 2) Managerial workers (-0.4%).

Six of the KBOCs recorded positive growth rates in their shares of employment. The largest

included: 1) Personal services (43%), 2) Engineering (25%), and 3) Postsecondary education

(17%).

KBOCs with large rates of decline in their employment shares include: 1) Natural science (-

67%), 2) Building and construction (-25%), and 3) Skilled production workers (-19%).

Page 38 of 59

Table 17 San Joaquin County Location Quotients 2001 & 2010

Description

2001 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

2010 Occ.

Cluster Emp. LQ

Change 2001-2010


Agribusiness and Food Technology 1.32 1.36 0.04 3.0%

Personal Services Occupations 1.13 1.22 0.09 8.0% Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 1.29 1.2 -0.09 -7.0%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 1.06 0.95 -0.11 -10.4%

Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 0.95 0.92 -0.03 -3.2%


Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 0.92 0.88 -0.04 -4.3%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 0.85 0.86 0.01 1.2%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 0.72 0.73 0.01 1.4%


Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 0.56 0.62 0.06 10.7%



Engineering and Related Sciences 0.34 0.52 0.18 52.9%

Information Technology (IT) 0.41 0.42 0.01 2.4% Source: Stats America, “Occupational Clusters” from the Innovation in American Regions site.


In Quadrant I, the agribusiness KBOC saw its LQ increase by 3% while the

primary/secondary educators & social workers KBOC saw its LQ decrease by 7%.


period.

Twelve of San Joaquin County’s occupational KBOCs were in Quadrant III.

o Among the KBOCs in the quadrant above the line of unity, those with the largest

rates of LQ increase included: 1) Engineering (53%), and 2) Postsecondary education

(11%).


rates of LQ decline included: 1) Natural sciences (-18%), 2) Skilled production

workers (-13%), and 3) Public safety (-10%).

There were no Quadrant IV KBOCs in San Joaquin County.

Page 39 of 59

Health Care KBOC Owing to the importance of the health care KBOC, it was broken down further across three sub-clusters: 1) medical practitioners and scientist, 2) medical technicians, and 3) therapy, counseling and rehabilitation workers. Across the region, Stanislaus County exhibited the greatest level of competitiveness in the cluster and its sub-divisions. There was a decline in the competitiveness in

the therapy, counseling, and rehabilitation cluster in each county. In the NSJV Medical Technicians were the strongest cluster, in 2010 Stanislaus County recorded an LQ of 1.21 for this KBOC. In comparison to the state, the region was very similar but it did have higher levels of competitiveness than the state for the cluster as a whole and for each sub-cluster.

Table 18 Health Care Occupational Cluster Indicators

Jobs % of Total

Emp. Emp. LQ 2001 2010 2001 2010 2001 2010Merced County Health Care and Medical Science 2,599 3,473 3.1% 3.9% 0.62 0.69 Medical Practitioners and Scientists 424 712 0.5% 0.8% 0.43 0.72 Medical Technicians 699 1,002 0.8% 1.1% 0.84 0.94 Therapy, Counseling & Rehabilitation 1,476 1,759 1.8% 2.0% 0.61 0.59Stanislaus County Health Care and Medical Science 10,125 11,955 4.8% 5.7% 0.96 1.01 Medical Practitioners and Scientists 1,776 2,357 0.8% 1.1% 0.72 1.01 Medical Technicians 2,258 3,065 1.1% 1.5% 1.09 1.21 Therapy, Counseling & Rehabilitation 6,090 6,533 2.9% 3.1% 1.01 0.93San Joaquin County Health Care and Medical Science 12,649 14,029 4.8% 5.2% 0.95 0.92 Medical Practitioners and Scientists 2,503 2,620 1.0% 1.0% 0.81 0.88 Medical Technicians 2,855 3,168 1.1% 1.2% 1.09 0.98 Therapy, Counseling & Rehabilitation 7,290 8,240 2.8% 3.1% 0.96 0.92NSJV Health Care and Medical Science 25,373 29,457 4.6% 5.2% 0.9 0.92 Medical Practitioners and Scientists 4,703 5,690 0.8% 1.0% 0.72 0.9 Medical Technicians 5,812 7,235 1.0% 1.3% 1.05 1.06 Therapy, Counseling & Rehabilitation 14,856 16,532 2.7% 2.9% 0.93 0.87California Health Care and Medical Science 876,958 994,954 4.5% 5.0% 0.89 0.89 Medical Practitioners and Scientists 230,445 225,632 1.2% 1.1% 1.01 1.03 Medical Technicians 177,275 224,839 0.9% 1.1% 0.92 0.95 Therapy, Counseling & Rehabilitation 469,241 544,484 2.4% 2.8% 0.84 0.82


Page 40 of 59

Figure 19 Health Care Occupational Clusters’ Location Quotients of Employment 2001 & 2010


Page 41 of 59

Figure 20 Comparison of Health Care Occupational Clusters Across the NSJV


Page 42 of 59

Figure 21 NSJV and State-wide Health Care Occupational Location Quotients


Page 43 of 59

Appendices

A Review of Primary Employment Data The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) local area employment database reports all full-time and part-time jobs; these include wage and salary jobs, “employees” as well as proprietors, “self-

employed” and those working in general partnerships. The BEA estimates are primarily based on administrative records data, but some survey and census data is used as well. As count of total employment, multiple-job holders are counted multiple times in the BEA data. Although not available below the county level and excluding workers in the informal economy – people working

without any administrative records of their wages or taxes, the BEA employment data is the most comprehensive employment data available.

The American Community Survey (ACS) is the largest household survey in the United States. Its sampling framework provides single-year labor force estimates for geographic areas with a population of 65,000 or more, 3-year estimates for areas with a population of 20,000 or more, and 5-year estimates for areas with a population of 1,200 or more (census tracts). It asks each person’s

employment during the past week, so multiple jobs will not be counted. As a household survey, it

depends on the respondent accurately reporting their work and is also subject to sampling error, which can be significant particularly for the 1-year estimates.

The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) database provides a quarterly count of

establishments’ employment and wages reported to Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs, as such it does not cover the self-employed, railroad, federal government workers nor workers in the informal economy. Nationally about 10% of the population is self-employed, less than 1% are

federal employees, and estimates of informal employment range considerably, with a national

estimate being from 11% to 20% of the workforce.5 The QCEW counts all filled jobs, whether full

or part-time, temporary or permanent, so multiple-job holders will be counted multiple times in its data.

The Longitudinal Employment and Household Dynamics (LEHD) database is derived from the

QCEW and supplemented with administrative records to generate place-of-work and place-of-residence detail. LEHD data has the characteristics as the QCEW. It does not cover the self-

employed, railroad, federal government workers nor workers in the informal economy and multiple-job holders are counted multiple times. In order to account for multiple job holders LEHD data

may be filtered by primary jobs, where by only an individual highest paying job is for the reference year is counted. In order to protect confidentiality of individual firms noise is introduced in the

LEHD and as such LEHD employment data does not exactly match QCEW data. Similarly, to

5 See for example: Polivka, Anne, and Connie Sorrentino (2008) “Measuring Non-Standard and Informal Employment in the United States Using Bureau of Labor Statistics Data” Paper prepared for WIEGO, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Workshop on Measuring Informal Employment in Developed Countries, October 31–November 1.

Page 44 of 59

protect confidentially of individuals LEHD flow data is increasingly synthesized at the level of smaller geographies.

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) database provides occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation as a whole, for individual States and their metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, as well as estimates for industries using a survey of employers. The OES

survey does not cover the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family workers. As such, it reports “employees” part-time and full-time workers paid a wage or salary.

Figure 22 NSJV Counties’ Employment by Database in 2011

Figure 23 San Joaquin County County’s Employment by Database 2006 to 2011


Page 45 of 59

Figure 24 Stanislaus County County’s Employment by Database 2006 to 2011


Figure 25 Merced County County’s Employment by Database 2006 to 2011


Page 46 of 59

Figure 26 NSJV Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.

Figure 27 San Joaquin County Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012


Page 47 of 59

Figure 28 Stanislaus County Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012


Figure 29 Merced County Workforce by Ownership Type 2001-2012


Page 48 of 59

Knowledge Based Occupational Cluster Definitions

Table A.19 Managerial, Sales, marketing, and Human Resources Occupations

11-1011 Chief executives 11-1021 General and operations managers 11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers 11-2021 Marketing managers 11-2022 Sales managers 11-2031 Public relations managers 11-3011 Administrative services managers 11-3031 Financial managers 11-3041 Compensation and benefits managers 11-3042 Training and development managers 11-3049 Human resources managers, all other 11-3061 Purchasing managers 11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 11-9051 Food service managers 11-9071 Gaming managers 11-9081 Lodging managers 11-9131 Postmasters and mail superintendents 11-9141 Property, real estate, and community association managers 13-1022 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 13-1071 Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 13-1072 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 13-1081 Logisticians 13-1111 Management analysts 13-1121 Meeting and convention planners 19-3021 Market research analysts 19-3022 Survey researchers 27-3031 Public relations specialists 35-1011 Chefs and head cooks 41-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers 41-3011 Advertising sales agents 41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products 41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products 41-9031 Sales engineers 43-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers 43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping

Page 49 of 59

Table A.20 Skilled Production Workers Occupations

11-3051 Industrial production managers 11-9021 Construction managers 17-2141 Mechanical engineers 17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters 17-3027 Mechanical engineering technicians 37-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers 47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers 47-2022 Stonemasons 47-2031 Carpenters 47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers 47-2073 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 47-2111 Electricians 47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 47-4021 Elevator installers and repairers 49-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers 49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 49-2093 Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 49-2094 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 49-2095 Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay 49-2096 Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers 49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics 49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 49-3041 Farm equipment mechanics 49-3042 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 49-3051 Motorboat mechanics 49-3052 Motorcycle mechanics 49-9012 Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 49-9031 Home appliance repairers 49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics 49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general 49-9044 Millwrights 49-9051 Electrical power-line installers and repairers 49-9092 Commercial divers 49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers 51-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers 51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters 51-4012 Numerical tool and process control programmers 51-4032 Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 51-4035 Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 51-4041 Machinists 51-4061 Model makers, metal and plastic 51-4062 Patternmakers, metal and plastic 51-4111 Tool and die makers 51-7011 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 51-7032 Patternmakers, wood 51-8012 Power distributors and dispatchers 51-8013 Power plant operators 51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators 51-8092 Gas plant operators 51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 53-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand 53-1031 First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators 53-5031 Ship engineers 53-6051 Transportation inspectors 53-7021 Crane and tower operators

Page 50 of 59

Table A.21 Health Care and Medical Science (aggregate)

Table A.22 Health Care and Medical Science (Medical Practioners and Scientists)

11-9061 Funeral directors 11-9111 Medical and health services managers 13-1041 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation 19-1041 Epidemiologists 19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 29-1011 Chiropractors 29-1021 Dentists, general 29-1022 Oral and maxillofacial surgeons 29-1023 Orthodontists 29-1024 Prosthodontists 29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists 29-1041 Optometrists 29-1069 Physicians and surgeons 29-1071 Physician assistants Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 29-1081 Podiatrists 29-1121 Audiologists 29-1126 Respiratory therapists 29-2081 Opticians, dispensing 29-2091 Orthotists and prosthetists 39-4011 Embalmers

Table A.23 Health Care and Medical Science (Medical Technicians)

29-1051 Pharmacists 29-1124 Radiation therapists 29-2011 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 29-2021 Dental hygienists 29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 29-2032 Diagnostic medical sonographers 29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists 29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians 29-2051 Dietetic technicians 29-2054 Respiratory therapy technicians 29-2055 Surgical technologists 29-2056 Veterinary technologists and technicians 29-2071 Medical records and health information technicians 31-9092 Medical assistants 31-9094 Medical transcriptionists 49-9062 Medical equipment repairers 51-9082 Medical appliance technicians

See Table A.17 Medical Practitioners and Scientists See Table A.18 Medical Technicians See Table A.19 Therapy, Counseling & Rehabilitation

Page 51 of 59

Table A.24 Health Care and Medical Science (Therapy, Counseling, Nursing, and Rehabilitation)

19-3031 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 21-1011 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 21-1012 Educational, vocational, and school counselors 21-1013 Marriage and family therapists 21-1014 Mental health counselors 21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors 21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 21-1022 Medical and public health social workers 21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse social workers 21-1092 Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 29-1111 Registered nurses 29-1122 Occupational therapists 29-1123 Physical therapists 29-1125 Recreational therapists 29-1127 Speech-language pathologists 29-2053 Psychiatric technicians 29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 31-2011 Occupational therapist assistants 31-2021 Physical therapist assistants

Table A.25 Mathematics, Statistics, Data amd Accounting Occupations

11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 11-3031 Financial managers 13-1023 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 13-2011 Accountants and auditors 13-2031 Budget analysts 13-2051 Financial analysts 13-2061 Financial examiners 15-1021 Computer programmers 15-1061 Database administrators 15-2011 Actuaries 15-2021 Mathematicians 15-2031 Operations research analysts 15-2041 Statisticians 15-2091 Mathematical technicians 19-3011 Economists 43-9011 Computer operators 43-9111 Statistical assistants

Page 52 of 59

Table A.26 Legal and Financial Services and Real Estate Occupations

13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 13-1032 Insurance appraisers, auto damage 13-1041 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation 13-1051 Cost estimators 13-1071 Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 13-2021 Appraisers and assessors of real estate 13-2041 Credit analysts 13-2052 Personal financial advisors 13-2053 Insurance underwriters 13-2071 Loan counselors 13-2072 Loan officers 13-2081 Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 13-2082 Tax preparers 23-1011 Lawyers 23-1021 Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers 23-1023 Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants 23-2091 Court reporters 23-2092 Law clerks 23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 25-4011 Archivists 25-4031 Library technicians 33-9021 Private detectives and investigators 41-3021 Insurance sales agents 41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 41-9021 Real estate brokers 43-3011 Bill and account collectors 43-3021 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks 43-3061 Procurement clerks 43-4011 Brokerage clerks 43-4031 Court, municipal, and license clerks 43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 43-4061 Eligibility interviewers, government programs 43-4071 File clerks Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 43-4121 Library assistants, clerical 43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks 43-6011 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 43-6012 Legal secretaries

Page 53 of 59

Table A.27 Information Technology Occupations

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications 15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software 15-1041 Computer support specialists 15-1051 Computer systems analysts 15-1071 Network and computer systems administrators 15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts 17-2061 Computer hardware engineers 17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 17-3024 Electro-mechanical technicians 25-9011 Audio-visual collections specialists 27-4011 Audio and video equipment technicians 27-4012 Broadcast technicians 49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 49-2021 Radio mechanics 49-2022 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers 49-2091 Avionics technicians

Table A.28 Natural Sciences and Envrionmental Mangaement Occupations

11-9121 Natural sciences managers 13-1041 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation 17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists 17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians 19-1011 Animal scientists 19-1013 Soil and plant Scientists 19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists 19-1022 Microbiologists 19-1023 Zoologists and wildlife biologists Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 19-1029 Biological scientists, all other 19-1031 Conservation scientists 19-1032 Foresters 19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists 19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 19-2043 Hydrologists 19-4041 Geological and petroleum technicians 19-4091 Environmental science and protection technicians, including health 19-4093 Forest and conservation technicians 33-2022 Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists 45-4011 Forest and conservation workers

Page 54 of 59

Table A.29 Agribusiness and Food Technology Occupations

11-9011 Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers 11-9012 Farmers and ranchers 13-1021 Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 19-1012 Food scientists and technologists 19-4011 Agricultural and food science technicians 19-4021 Biological technicians 19-4031 Chemical technicians 25-9021 Farm and home management advisors 29-1131 Veterinarians 37-3012 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 45-1099 Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers 45-2011 Agricultural inspectors 45-2021 Animal breeders 45-4023 Log graders and scalers 51-8031 Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators

Table A.30 Primary/Secondary and Vocational Education, Remediation and Social Services

11-9031 Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program 11-9032 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school 11-9151 Social and community service managers 13-1073 Training and development specialists 19-4061 Social science research assistants 21-1091 Health educators 21-1093 Social and human service assistants 21-2011 Clergy 21-2021 Directors, religious activities and education 23-1022 Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators 25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special education 25-2012 Kindergarten teachers, except special education 25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except special education 25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education 25-2023 Vocational education teachers, middle school 25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education 25-2032 Vocational education teachers, secondary school 25-2041 Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school 25-2042 Special education teachers, middle school 25-2043 Special education teachers, secondary school 25-3011 Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors 25-9031 Instructional coordinators 25-9041 Teacher assistants 27-2022 Coaches and scouts 27-2023 Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 29-9091 Athletic trainers 39-9032 Recreation workers 39-9041 Residential advisors 43-4111 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan

Page 55 of 59

Table A.31 Building, Landscape and Construction Design Occupations

17-1011 Architects, except landscape and naval 17-1012 Landscape architects 17-1022 Surveyors 17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters 17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 17-3013 Mechanical drafters 17-3022 Civil engineering technicians 17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians 19-3051 Urban and regional planners 19-4061 Social science research assistants 47-4011 Construction and building inspectors 51-7031 Model makers, wood

Table A.32 Engineering and Related Sciences Occupations

11-9041 Engineering managers 17-2011 Aerospace engineers 17-2021 Agricultural engineers 17-2031 Biomedical engineers 17-2041 Chemical engineers 17-2051 Civil engineers 17-2071 Electrical engineers 17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer 17-2081 Environmental engineers 17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors 17-2112 Industrial engineers 17-2121 Marine engineers and naval architects 17-2131 Materials engineers 17-2151 Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 17-2161 Nuclear engineers 17-2171 Petroleum engineers 17-3021 Aerospace engineering and operations technicians 17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 17-3025 Environmental engineering technicians 17-3026 Industrial engineering technicians 19-2011 Astronomers 19-2012 Physicists 19-2031 Chemists 19-2032 Materials scientists 19-4041 Geological and petroleum technicians 19-4051 Nuclear technicians Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 27-1021 Commercial and industrial designers 51-8011 Nuclear power reactor operators

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Table A.33 Personal Care Occupations

25-3021 Self-enrichment education teachers 31-9011 Massage therapists 35-2013 Cooks, private household 39-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers 39-5011 Barbers 39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 39-5092 Manicurists and pedicurists 39-5094 Skin care specialists 39-6021 Tour guides and escorts 39-6022 Travel guides 39-9011 Child care workers 39-9031 Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 41-3041 Travel agents 49-9064 Watch repairers

Table A.34 Arta, Entertainment Publishing and Broadcasting Occupations

13-1011 Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes 27-1011 Art directors 27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators 27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators 27-1022 Fashion designers 27-1024 Graphic designers 27-1025 Interior designers 27-1027 Set and exhibit designers 27-2012 Producers and directors 27-2031 Dancers 27-2032 Choreographers 27-2041 Music directors and composers 27-2042 Musicians and singers Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 27-3011 Radio and television announcers 27-3021 Broadcast news analysts 27-3022 Reporters and correspondents 27-3041 Editors 27-3042 Technical writers 27-3043 Writers and authors 27-3091 Interpreters and translators 27-4013 Radio operators 27-4014 Sound engineering technicians 27-4021 Photographers 27-4031 Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 27-4032 Film and video editors 43-9031 Desktop publishers 43-9081 Proofreaders and copy markers 49-2097 Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers 49-9061 Camera and photographic equipment repairers

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49-9063 Musical instrument repairers and tuners 51-5021 Job printers 51-5022 Prepress technicians and workers 51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers 51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic

Table A.35 Publics Safety and Domestic Security Occupations

13-1061 Emergency management specialists 17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors 19-4092 Forensic science technicians 29-9011 Occupational health and safety specialists 29-9012 Occupational health and safety technicians 33-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 33-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of firefighting and prevention workers 33-2011 Fire fighters 33-2021 Fire inspectors and investigators 33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers Crossing the Next Regional Frontier 33-3021 Detectives and criminal investigators 33-3031 Fish and game wardens 33-3051 Police and sheriff's patrol officers 33-3052 Transit and railroad police 53-2011 Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 53-2012 Commercial pilots 53-2021 Air traffic controllers 53-2022 Airfield operations specialists 53-5021 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 53-6041 Traffic technicians 53-6051 Transportation inspectors

Table A.36 Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation Occupations

11-9033 Education administrators, postsecondary 15-2021 Mathematicians 15-2041 Statisticians 19-2011 Astronomers 19-2012 Physicists 19-2031 Chemists 19-3011 Economists 19-3032 Industrial-organizational psychologists 19-3041 Sociologists 19-3091 Anthropologists and archeologists 19-3092 Geographers 19-3093 Historians 19-3094 Political scientists 25-1099 Postsecondary teachers 25-4012 Curators 25-4013 Museum Technicians and Conservators 25-4021 Librarians

Page 58 of 59

California’s Occupational Clusters Table A.37 California’s Cluster Employment Changes


Table A.38 California’s Occupational Clusters Shares of Total Employment


Description2001 Cluster

Jobs2010 Cluster

JobsChange

2001-2010

Percent Change,

2001-2010

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 1,892,303 1,715,764 -176,539 -9.33%

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 1,634,546 1,629,376 -5,170 -0.32%

Skilled Prod. Workers: Techs, Operators, Trades, Installers & Repairers 1,276,654 1,128,930 -147,724 -11.57%

Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 956,603 995,931 39,328 4.11%


Arts, Entertainment, Publishing and Broadcasting 529,043 629,461 100,418 18.98%


Mathematics, Statistics, Data and Accounting 515,180 504,554 -10,626 -2.06%

Information Technology (IT) 498,934 465,375 -33,559 -6.73%

Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 221,610 217,108 -4,502 -2.03%

Engineering and Related Sciences 277,359 209,540 -67,819 -24.45%

Public Safety and Domestic Security 174,986 203,215 28,229 16.13%

Agribusiness and Food Technology 147,593 167,208 19,615 13.29%

Building, Landscape and Construction Design 98,149 91,145 -7,004 -7.14%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 88,638 62,927 -25,711 -29.01%

Description


Total Emp.


Total Emp.Change

2001-2010

Percent Change,

2001-2010


Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 8.40% 8.30% -0.10% -1.19%


Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 4.90% 5.10% 0.20% 4.08%






Postsecondary Education and Knowledge Creation 1.10% 1.10% 0.00% 0.00%

Engineering and Related Sciences 1.40% 1.10% -0.30% -21.43%



Building, Landscape and Construction Design 0.50% 0.50% 0.00% 0.00%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 0.50% 0.30% -0.20% -40.00%

Page 59 of 59

Table A.39 California’s Clusters’ Location Quotients


Description

2001 Occ. Cluster Emp.

LQ

2010 Occ. Cluster Emp.

LQChange

2001-2010

Percent Change,

2001-2010

Agribusiness and Food Technology 0.47 0.56 0.09 19.15%


Public Safety and Domestic Security 0.8 0.86 0.06 7.50%

Health Care and Medical Science (Aggregate) 0.89 0.89 0 0.00%

Primary/Secondary/Vocational Education, Remediation & Social Services 0.98 0.96 -0.02 -2.04%



Building, Landscape and Construction Design 1 1.04 0.04 4.00%

Legal and Financial Services, and Real Estate (L & FIRE) 1.08 1.05 -0.03 -2.78%

Managerial, Sales, Marketing and HR 1.17 1.12 -0.05 -4.27%

Information Technology (IT) 1.25 1.17 -0.08 -6.40%

Natural Sciences and Environmental Management 1.03 1.18 0.15 14.56%

Engineering and Related Sciences 1.28 1.18 -0.1 -7.81%



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