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Current situation
Since March 2009, a novel strain of
influenza A (H1N1) virus has been
identified, which is being described
as a new subtype of the Influenza
virus A, not previously detected in
swine or humans.
A Mongrel virus!Pigs, birds and human beings are infected
with many types of influenza viruses, but
usually these viruses infect only one
species.
Sometimes these viruses swap genes,
creating new viruses that can infect more
than one species.
This novel strain of influenza virus contains a
combination of swine, avian, and human
influenza virus genes.
1
5
2
3
4
6
1 No viruses circulating among animals reported to cause infection in humans
2 Animal influenza virus known to have caused infection in humans,
3 Animal influenza virus has caused infection in small clusters of people, but no human to human transmission has occurred
4 Verified human-to-human transmission of the animal flu virus able to cause “community-level outbreaks.”
5 Human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region.A strong signal that a pandemic is imminent
6 A global pandemic is under way
The World Health Organization uses a six-phased approach as an indication of risk to global health.
Are similar to the symptoms of
regular human flu Runny nose Sore throat Cough Fever (≥ 38 C) Body ache Vomiting & diarrhoea Difficulty in breathing Pneumonia
Symptoms
Transmission
Mainly through the air by coughing or sneezing, which
generates droplets in the surrounding air.
Transmission
These respiratory droplets can also get
deposited on surfaces,or on to objects by
contaminated hands.
A person touching these objects collects the
viruses and can get infected if the mouth,
nose, or eyes are touched without washing
hands.
Transmission
There is no risk of
infection from this
virus by consuming
well-cooked pork and
pork products.
Incubation period:the time interval between invasion
of the body by the virus and the appearance of the
first symptom. Usually 1 to 4 days.
Infectious period:the time during which an infected
person can spread the disease to another person.
Up to 7 days following onset of illness, or until all
symptoms have resolved.
Treatment
Antivirals for the treatment of infection:
•Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or
• Zanamivir (Relenza)
Use of anti-virals can make illness milder and recovery faster
They may also prevent serious flu complications
For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms)
HOWEVER…..
Antivirals will be used as per guidelines laid down in
the National Preparedness Plan.
Self medication is strongly discouraged.
Misuse of antivirals can lead to drug resistance.
Will be needed for preempting the initial stage of the epidemic
Prevention Those who have influenza Cover the nose and mouth when
coughing or sneezing, with a tissue if possible, then dispose the tissue in the trash after use.
Wash hands immediately after coughing or sneezing to reduce the spread of the virus from the hands to other people.
Limit contact with others to prevent spread of infection.
Environmental cleaning. Seek advice from a health professional.
PreventionThose who are well Avoid close contact with people who
appear unwell and have fever and cough Wash hands frequently with soap and
water Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth with
unwashed hands Clean hard surfaces such as table tops,
door handles and taps regularly using a normal cleaning product.
Reduce as much as possible the time spent in crowded settings
Ensure good ventilation in your living space by opening windows as much as possible.
Palm to palm
The back of the hands
In between the fingers
The back of the fingers
The thumbs
The tips of the fingers
Six steps of Handwashing
What is being done at the MOHQL
Surveillance of incoming passengers from high risk
countries has been reinforced at the Port and the
Airport, including the airport at Plaine Corail and
the harbor in Port Mathurin in Rodrigues.
What is being done at the MOHQL All passengers from countries with confirmed
cases of Influenza A H1N1 are being followed up
for a period of seven days after their arrival in
Mauritius.
isolation facilities have been provided in each
hospital to cater for suspected cases of Avian Flu.
In addition, fully equipped isolation wards have
been set up at Souillac Hospital and in Rodrigues.
What is being done at the MOHQL• Presently, enough stock of Oseltamivir [Tamiflu] is
available to cater for 13% of the population, and arrangements are under way to procure more stock so that this coverage is extended to 25% of the population.
• A Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] machine required for diagnosis of Influenza A virus, is being purchased. This will enable analysis of specimens from suspected Influenza cases. In the meantime, specimens for confirmatory tests will be referred to the WHO Influenza Reference Laboratory in London for identification of strain.
• Arrangements are being made for the procurement of a stock of personal protective equipment and other consumables.
What is being done at the MOHQL An extensive Communication Strategy is being
carried out to sensitise the population and to make
them aware about the actions being taken by the
MoHQL.
Partnerships have been established with key
stakeholders to enlist their support in the campaign
against this new disease
How can you help? Spread the message to all staff and employees in your
organisation.
Help the Ministry in its communication strategy.
Arrange for training sessions for employees. Resource
persons from the Ministry of Health & Quality of Life
are at your disposal.
Put in place a preparedness plan for your
organisation.
Stock some amounts of antivirals and masks.