Table of Contents

Industrial Revolution- By: Mackenzie .VermillionAirplane-By: Cheyenne Lantz

Steamboat- By: Julia PlantCartoon of Steamboat-By: Julia Plant

Gristmill-By: Jack PilcherPendulum Clock-By: Jack Pilcher

Windmill-By: Riley StehrCartoon about Windmill-By: Riley Stehr

Steam Locomotive-By: Mackenzie VermillionGuillotine-By: Riley Stehr

Cartoon about Guillotine-By: Riley StehrCited Sources-By: Cheyenne Lantz

Coming Soon-By: Mackenzie Vermillion

Industrial RevolutionAs you know we are in the middle of the industrial revolution. Today we are no longer using

our own sweat and strength to create a good lifefor our families, no, massive metal beasts havetaken over the industry. Our extensive riversystem has provided powering for machines andtransportation. England also has many naturalresources that are good for trading and makinggoods. We also have good harbors for tradingthose goods. With these great goods we are ableto make money, making us richer and richer.Farmers have also been having a good year!They have been producing more food then wecan eat! Now those are the good things, buthave you heard the other side? Many peoplehave been complaining that they are being madein to a slave. I talked to one of the factory girlsand she said that she has been becoming weakerand weaker from the harsh working conditions.

The Cotton Gin (above) is one of the machines that the factory girls have to run during their work day.There is also the coal mines where children are forced to go work in a dark dusty cave. I took a visitthere myself and found that it was very hard to breath. These kids have been working 12-15 hours a daysix days a week. Do you think they deserve better?

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GristmillBy Jack Pilcher:

The Gristmill was one of the most important inventions of the revolution right

now. It is an invention that helps the most in agriculture. It is used for grinding corn into

cornmeal.

The gristmill was invented by Oliver Evans in 1789 on Red Creek, Delaware. It is the

best and most famous invention that he has made. The patent is the third patent made in US

history, but it got signed after he was dead. Before he died, he had patented it in a few states.

It became a patent on July 17, 1837 as the first patent to be signed after the inventor was dead.

Oliver Evans invented the gristmill for George Washington. It is an important invention.

This invention was a 16 foot high water-wheel that helped grind corn into cornmeal.

The way it works is that water comes down a flume into the gristmill. Then the water goes

onto paddles that are attached to wheels. The water then turns two giant gears, and then that

grinds two rocks against a piece of corn. Cornmeal comes out and into a bucket or holder to

catch it. This machine operated continuously by the use of material handling devices. The

gristmill allows the worker to do the work of five workers. It produces 300 bushels of

cornmeal per hour. The gristmill has a few simple machines in it. They are a screw, an

inclined plane, and a wheel and axle in the gristmill. He patented a book called “The Young

Mill-wright and Millers Guide” about the invention that he made. It is an amazing invention

that changed the way agriculture is done today.

Pendulum Clock By:Jack Pilcher

The pendulum clock is a great time keeper. It is the most accurate time keeper in the world.The pendulum clock was invented by Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist. Christiaan Huygensthought it would help keeping time at sea. He created many types of pendulum clocks. He createdthem for navigation. He was a mathematician, astronomer, and horologist. Also invented watches. Itwas invented in 1656. It was officially patented in 1657. The pendulum clock must be stationary tooperate. It won't work if you move it around. It helps a lot with time keeping.

The pendulum clock swings at 4-6 degrees. Each swing last for exactly one second, so it helpskeep a very precise time. It works because a pendulum swings back and forth, each swing lasting onesecond. Some people call the pendulum clock a grandfather clock. Daily life is now organized aroundthe pendulum clock during the industrial revolution. The pendulum clocks are usually made out ofwood. They are hand-crafted so they look really nice in a person's home. In this machine, the simplemachines are a wheel and axle, and a pulley. This machine is the most accurate time keeper to this day.

The WindmillBy Riley

Although the windmill is nothing new, it is extremely useful innew ways. It can help us drill, pump water, or even grind corn!It is an great alternative to the steam engine. Although thesteam engine is slightly more efficient, the windmill is muchcheaper. There are 2 kinds of mills: Post and Smock.

Post Mill:There is one large post that is the body of the mill. Itallows the entire body to turn with the wind.

Smock Mill:It was named the Smock Mill because the body slightly resembling a smock. It ismuch better than the Post Mill because the body of the mill is fixed, and only the fans turn inthe wind. The body of the mill is octagonal, but it would be perfectly round if it was possible tocut round timber. It is not yet possible to cut round timber.

Picture Citedblog.experienceenglandtours.com/wp-content/up

Works CitedBerry, Mark. "History of Windmills." windmillworld.com. Windmill World, 2010. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. <http://www.windmillworld.com/windmills/ history.htm>.

Article About The Steam LocomotiveOn May 5, 1835, the first railway service was opened in Continental Europe. Many of you have

heard about the new, amazing invention of the steam locomotive. This useful machine was invented byGeorge Stephenson. He was born on June 9, 1781. As a boy George grew up with his father who drovecoal wagons. George's job was to make sure that non of the livestock got in the way of the wagons. Inhis spare time he loved to get his hands on any part of an engine. During his teens he worked in coalmines as a fireman, plugman, brakeman, and engineer. At age twenty he started working on his

invention that would soon change the world. After 10 more months of hard work he

finally finished his steam locomotive in 1829.There was actually five total locomotives,including George Stephenson, in the competitionto be the final product. One locomotive becamedamaged during the testing and did not follow therules. Therefore being kicked out of the race. Twoother locomotives had mechanical problems andwere soon kicked out of the race. GeorgeStephenson's steam locomotive was the only oneremaining. Georges steam locomotive (to the leftin the picture) had two main advantages. The first,and best, was it's tube boiler. It is has 2 cylindersthat had precautions that operated on the frontaxle. The cylinders are at 35 degrees. Another

advantage is that it never became damaged during testing and transportation. Now after more tests andimprovements the Georges Steam locomotive is now able to pull a passenger wagon with more than 30people inside.

Georges steam locomotive had a multi-tubular boiler which is much more efficient. George'ssteam locomotive's rocket has 25 copper tubes going along the boiler to carry hox exhaust gases fromthe fire box. An interesting thing George himself told me about was that the blast pipe was so strongthat it could suck up logs and shoot them out the other end! I thought that was pretty funny! He alsosaid that he found that out the hard way! With in this big locomotive there are little simple machines,like the lever and the wheel and axle. With this big machine we are able to transport people and goodsfaster making all of our lives a little more easier.

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The Guillotine

The guillotine was invented just 1 year ago. However, other machines used for decapitation

have existed for a very long time, many of which were very similar to the guillotine. For example, there

was a machine were you laid the blade on the victims neck and hit it with a hammer to force the blade

down into the neck. This was to make execution more accurate (but it didn't really improve the speed

very much).

Although the guillotine seems cruel and inhumane, it is actually for making execution less

painful. Dr. Joseph Guillotin invented the guillotine to make execution less painful and much quicker.

You see, execution was slightly more painful than the modern beheading. Some methods included

burning, hanging, quartering (cutting the person into quarters), along with other especially graphic

ways of execution. Beheading by ax or sword was less painful and reserved for the rich or powerful.

Dr. Guillotin's first prototype of the guillotine was a hollow stone column with a slit at the top to

allow the blade to come through. The idea was to make execution more private and dignified. It was

rejected because public executions are to set an example of what happens if you don't obey the law.

Joseph Guillotin tried and failed many times to make the public accept his idea. When he finally

made a guillotine with a viewable platform and a horizontal blade, it was accepted and quickly became

the prime execution tool. It is not certain when or by whom the slanted blade was added.

A simple machine in the guillotine is the pulley used to release the blade. This is a major breakthrough

because beheading was only for the wealthy, but now it is open to all (to some this is actually

considered a privilege). The original spelling of guillotine was actually “guillotin”. The “e” at the end

of “guillotine” was added by an unknown person. It is believed it was added so it would be easier to

write poems and chants about the guillotine.

The guillotine was invented with good intentions. However, it may cause some problems down

the road. We need to be careful with it!

Wilde, Robert. "The Guillotine." europeanhistory.about.com. About.com, n.d. Web.

15 Mar. 2010. <http://europeanhistory.about.com/cs/frenchrevolution/a/

Guillotine.htm>.

Sources

Bellis, Mary. About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2010

Berry, Mark. "History of Windmills." windmillworld.com. Windmill World, 2010.

Web. 18 Mar. 2010. <http://www.windmillworld.com/windmills/

history.htm>.

Brain, Marshall. "How Steam Engines Work." how stuff works. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.<http://science.howstuffworks.com/steam.htm>.

"First Airplane Flight." The history of the Wright Brothers. FAI, 4 Feb. 2010. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. <http://www.wright-house.com/wright-brothers/wrights/ 1903.html>.

"HistortyofSteamboats."Buzzle.com.N.p.,n.d.Web.15Mar.2010.<http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-steamboats.htm>.

How Steam Works." LIbrary Thinkquest. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.

<http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110200/howitworksteam.html>.

Kesler, Mathew. Personal interview. 15 Mar. 2010.

"Milestones of Flight." NASM. National Air andSpace Museum, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. <http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal100/wright1903.html>.

Notes From History. N. pag. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.

Old Wyemill. Wye Grist Mill. Wye Gristmill, 12 Mar. 2010. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://www.oldwyemill.org/>.

"Pendulum Clock." Wikipedia. Wiki, 18 Mar. 2010. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clock>.

Sandler, ;Martin W. Inventors. New York: HarperColllins Publishers, 1996. Print.

"start your engines." Think Quest.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.

Steam locomotive." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.

Wikipedia. Oliver Evans. Wiki, 10 Mar. 2010. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Evans>.

Wilde, Robert. "The Guillotine." europeanhistory.about.com. About.com, n.d. Web.

15 Mar. 2010. <http://europeanhistory.about.com/cs/frenchrevolution/a/Guillotine.htm>.

Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution

By Julia Plant

Today many children work hard hours with impossible jobs and get

little to no pay! Starting around this time people are starting to realize

that we don't have to pay kids to do work because they are not as

important as adults. Once they started doing this a few years ago, things

got worse. Children would work up to 19 hours a day with only a 1-hour

break that was split up. This might not sound as bad as it actually is

because children are in dangerous working conditions. There are very

big machines and some children can lose fingers, or any other body parts

for that matter. One little boy talks about his payment, "They [boys of

eight years] used to get 3d [d is the abbreviation for pence] or 4d a day.

Now a man's wages is divided into eight eighths; at eleven, two eighths;

at thirteen, three eighths; at fifteen, four eighths; at twenty, a man's

wages are about 15s [shillings]." Kids have to go through a lot these days

and many wonder if this is okay. Will this new fad ever go away and

should this be accepted by government?