The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism1800-19141800-1914Chapter 24Chapter 24

24-1 A Western Dominated World24-1 A Western Dominated World

The New Imperialism and its The New Imperialism and its CausesCauses

Not the first time in 1800sNot the first time in 1800s Americas, not in Asia or AfricaAmericas, not in Asia or Africa Industrial Revolution fueled itIndustrial Revolution fueled it

Economic InterestsEconomic Interests Rubber, petroleum, manganese, Rubber, petroleum, manganese, and palm oiland palm oil

Political and Military InterestsPolitical and Military Interests BasesBases prestigeprestige

Humanitarian GoalsHumanitarian Goals ““little brothers”little brothers” Medicine, law, ChristianityMedicine, law, Christianity

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism Racial superiorityRacial superiority

The Success of Western The Success of Western ImperialismImperialism

Weakness of Nonwestern StatesWeakness of Nonwestern States Draining effect of slave trade had undermined Draining effect of slave trade had undermined

established empiresestablished empires Not strong enoughNot strong enough

Western Advantages:Western Advantages: ResistanceResistance

Reform cultureReform culture Nationalist movements to expel imperialists Nationalist movements to expel imperialists

Criticism at HomeCriticism at Home Why would someone be against imperialism?Why would someone be against imperialism?

Forms of Imperial RuleForms of Imperial Rule Direct v. indirect ruleDirect v. indirect rule

• France v. EnglandFrance v. England ColoniesColonies ProtectoratesProtectorates Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence

24-2 The Partition of Africa 24-2 The Partition of Africa

Africa in the Early 1800sAfrica in the Early 1800s DiverseDiverse

North AfricaNorth Africa Close ties to Islam; declining OttomanClose ties to Islam; declining Ottoman

West AfricaWest Africa jihadjihad

East AfricaEast Africa Slavery, ivory, copperSlavery, ivory, copper

Southern AfricaSouthern Africa Shaka ZuluShaka Zulu

The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade Outlawed in WestOutlawed in West Sierra Leone and LiberiaSierra Leone and Liberia

European Contacts IncreaseEuropean Contacts Increase• Medicine, steamshipsMedicine, steamships

ExplorersExplorers Niger, the Nile, CongoNiger, the Nile, Congo

MissionariesMissionaries Children in need of guidanceChildren in need of guidance

A Scramble for ColoniesA Scramble for Colonies King Leopold IIKing Leopold II of Belgium spoke of a civilized of Belgium spoke of a civilized

mission to carry the light “that for millions of mission to carry the light “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the men still plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era.” --Privately, he dreamed dawn of a better era.” --Privately, he dreamed of conquest and profit. of conquest and profit.

Sent troops to Congo setting off other Sent troops to Congo setting off other European nations to rival claims of region. European nations to rival claims of region.

Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference 1884, no Africans1884, no Africans

Horrors in the CongoHorrors in the Congo Forced laborForced labor Brutalizing villagersBrutalizing villagers BeatingsBeatings Population Population

French ExpansionFrench Expansion Tunisia, West and Central AfricaTunisia, West and Central Africa As big as the continental ___As big as the continental ___

Britain Takes Its ShareBritain Takes Its Share Clashed with BoarsClashed with Boars By 1910, the British By 1910, the British formed the Union of formed the Union of South AfricaSouth Africa

Others Join the ScrambleOthers Join the Scramble Portugal, Germany, Spanish, Italy, France, Portugal, Germany, Spanish, Italy, France,

BelgiumBelgium

Africans Resist ImperialismAfricans Resist Imperialism Ethiopia SurvivesEthiopia Survives

How was King Menelik II able to preserve How was King Menelik II able to preserve Ethiopia?Ethiopia?

LiberiaLiberia

24-3 European Challenges to the 24-3 European Challenges to the Muslim WorldMuslim World

Stresses in the Muslim WorldStresses in the Muslim World The Muslim world extended from western The Muslim world extended from western

Africa to Southeast Asia. In the 1500s, three Africa to Southeast Asia. In the 1500s, three giant Muslim empires ruled much of this giant Muslim empires ruled much of this world- the Mughals in ______, the Ottomans world- the Mughals in ______, the Ottomans in the __________, and the Safavids in ____.in the __________, and the Safavids in ____.

Empires in DeclineEmpires in Decline Weak central controlWeak central control Internal conflictInternal conflict

Islamic Reform MovementIslamic Reform Movement European ImperialismEuropean Imperialism

Sphere of influenceSphere of influence Special rights for EuropeansSpecial rights for Europeans

Problems for the OttomanProblems for the Ottoman European states sought to benefit from the European states sought to benefit from the

slow crumbling of the Ottoman Empire. slow crumbling of the Ottoman Empire. Efforts to WesternizeEfforts to Westernize

RailroadsRailroads EducationEducation MilitaryMilitary Pros and ConsPros and Cons

Young TurksYoung Turks

Massacre of ArmeniansMassacre of Armenians _______ caused Ottoman tension to grow _______ caused Ottoman tension to grow

against Armenians, a minority Christian against Armenians, a minority Christian people. people. • GenocideGenocide• Why?Why?• Result:Result:

Egypt Seeks to ModernizeEgypt Seeks to Modernize Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali

““father of modern Egypt”father of modern Egypt” Tax collectionTax collection Landholding systemLandholding system Cotton productionCotton production MilitaryMilitary

The Suez CanalThe Suez Canal In 1859, French entrepreneur, In 1859, French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de Ferdinand de

LesspsLessps, organized a company to build the , organized a company to build the Suez CanalSuez Canal..• Europe to South and East AsiaEurope to South and East Asia• Egypt’s inability to pay debts led to…Egypt’s inability to pay debts led to…

Iran and the European PowersIran and the European Powers

Began European reform in 1794 to 1925Began European reform in 1794 to 1925 Russia and BritainRussia and Britain

Sphere of influenceSphere of influence ConcessionsConcessions

• Military troops in IranMilitary troops in Iran

24-4 The British Take Over India24-4 The British Take Over India

East India Company and Sepoy East India Company and Sepoy RebellionRebellion

Exploiting Indian DiversityExploiting Indian Diversity Unification problemsUnification problems weaponsweapons

British PoliciesBritish Policies ChristianityChristianity Caste systemCaste system satisati

Causes of DiscontentCauses of Discontent Sepoys travelSepoys travel WidowsWidows CartridgesCartridges

Rebellion and AftermathRebellion and Aftermath Massacre BritishMassacre British British torched villagesBritish torched villages Rule of India shifts to ______.Rule of India shifts to ______. More troops sent to IndiaMore troops sent to India

British Colonial RuleBritish Colonial Rule Ruled by viceroysRuled by viceroys JustificationJustification

Unequal partnershipUnequal partnership Cotton, jute, coalCotton, jute, coal Unequal partnership, Unequal partnership, favoring the Britishfavoring the British Machine made textilesMachine made textiles Forced cash cropsForced cash crops

Population Growth and FaminePopulation Growth and Famine Benefits of British RuleBenefits of British Rule

Different Views on CultureDifferent Views on Culture Indian AttitudesIndian Attitudes

Some Indians were impressedSome Indians were impressed• Ram Mohun RoyRam Mohun Roy

Learn from the WestLearn from the West Caste, child marriage, sati, purdahCaste, child marriage, sati, purdah

Western AttitudesWestern Attitudes Hinduism and BuddhismHinduism and Buddhism ““a single shelf of a good European library is a single shelf of a good European library is

worth the whole native literature of India and worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia”Arabia”

Indian NationalismIndian Nationalism Indian National CongressIndian National Congress

Supported self-rule but supported western-Supported self-rule but supported western-style modernizationstyle modernization

Muslim LeagueMuslim League Muslims grew to resent _____ domination of Muslims grew to resent _____ domination of

Congress party. Congress party. In 1906, Muslims formed the Muslim League. In 1906, Muslims formed the Muslim League.

Why?Why?

24-5 China and the New 24-5 China and the New ImperialismImperialism

The Trade IssueThe Trade Issue The Canton SystemThe Canton System

• China enjoyed a trade surplusChina enjoyed a trade surplus• Westerners had a trade deficitWesterners had a trade deficit

The Opium WarThe Opium War In the late 1700s England In the late 1700s England was selling opium to China.was selling opium to China. By 1839 China banned By 1839 China banned the drug. Why?the drug. Why? Chinese easily defeatedChinese easily defeated

Unequal TreatiesUnequal Treaties IndemnityIndemnity ExtraterritorialityExtraterritoriality MissionariesMissionaries coloniescolonies

Internal ProblemsInternal Problems Declining Qing dynastyDeclining Qing dynasty

The Taiping RebellionThe Taiping Rebellion Most devastating peasant revolt in historyMost devastating peasant revolt in history ““Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”

• Hong XiuquanHong Xiuquan• Wanted reform such as:Wanted reform such as:

EffectsEffects DepopulationDepopulation decentralizationdecentralization Vulnerability Vulnerability

Reform EffortsReform Efforts Disapproval of western missionariesDisapproval of western missionaries

• Individual choiceIndividual choice Ci XiCi Xi

Self Strengthening MovementSelf Strengthening Movement Reform with helpReform with help

War With JapanWar With Japan Westernization led to Japanese Westernization led to Japanese imperialism in 1894imperialism in 1894 TaiwanTaiwan

Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy French, British, GermanFrench, British, German

Hundred Days of ReformHundred Days of Reform Failed, why?Failed, why?

The Qing Dynasty FallsThe Qing Dynasty Falls Anger against Christian and foreignersAnger against Christian and foreigners Discontent against foreign troopsDiscontent against foreign troops

Boxer UprisingBoxer Uprising 1899 The Righteous Harmonious Fists1899 The Righteous Harmonious Fists ““foreign devils”foreign devils”

Aftermath of UprisingAftermath of Uprising ReformReform westernizationwesternization

Three Principles of the PeopleThree Principles of the People Sun YixianSun Yixian

• NationalismNationalism• DemocracyDemocracy• livelihoodlivelihood

Birth of a RepublicBirth of a Republic Ci Xi dies in 1908Ci Xi dies in 1908 Sun Yixian named presidentSun Yixian named president of Chinese republicof Chinese republic For the next 37 years, China For the next 37 years, China was at war internally or externallywas at war internally or externally