The Need for Revival

• Spiritual decline• Halfway Covenant• Sinners changing

the church rather the church changing sinners

• Christianity had become too intellectual and less spiritual

Pastor Jonathan Edwards• Puritan• New England• Entered Yale at age 13• “Sinners in the hand of an

Angry God” sermon• Led many to Christ• Missionary to Indians• Colonial America’s greatest

pastor

Pastor George Whitefield• British• Powerful Evangelist• Reached crowds of 20-30

thousand• Preached 18, 000 times in his life• Reached all classes, races of

people• Heart for child evangelism• Led to the founding of 50

colleges

Effects of the Great Awakening

• Thousands accepted Christ or rededicated

• New colleges founded-Princeton, Rutgers, Dartmouth, Brown

• Missionary work• Religious liberty strengthened• United the American people

together-sense of unity –prepare for revolution

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Fort NecessityNecessity Fort Fort DuquesneDuquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First Clash- The First Clash-Washington defeated by Washington defeated by

FrenchFrench

1754 1754 The First Clash- The First Clash-Washington defeated by Washington defeated by

FrenchFrench

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives representatives fromfrom New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

A Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed when failed when Iroquois broke off relations with Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

Gen. Gen. Edward Braddock Edward Braddock kick out the kick out the

French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)A Attacks Ohio Valley, Attacks Ohio Valley, Mohawk Mohawk Valley Valley (NY),& Acadia (Canada).(NY),& Acadia (Canada).

A Killed 10 mi. from Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces. forces. Lost 70% of his menLost 70% of his men

A Ignored Washington’s advice on Ignored Washington’s advice on war strategy-war strategy-no music no music or or open open battlesbattles

Only British Success Only British Success expelled expelled France France from Louisiana. from Louisiana. CAJUNSCAJUNS

1755 1755 Britain Decides to Britain Decides to Eliminate French Presence Eliminate French Presence

in No. Amer.in No. Amer.

1755 1755 Britain Decides to Britain Decides to Eliminate French Presence Eliminate French Presence

in No. Amer.in No. Amer.

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploitedexploited (took advantage of) both (took advantage of) both

sides! sides!

Lord Lord LoudounLoudoun

Brit Brit CommandCommand

erer

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

French French CommanderCommander

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• “Prima Donna” Br. Prima Donna” Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No military regsNo military regs

observed.observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

Film: “Last of the Mohicans”

A He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

colonists: loyalty & mil. colonists: loyalty & mil. cooperationcooperation

British: Would pay back $ to British: Would pay back $ to colonies for cost of forming armiescolonies for cost of forming armies

-- get rid of get rid of Lord Loudoun Lord Loudoun

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

** Sept 1759,last French strongholds in Sept 1759,last French strongholds in QuebecQuebec and Montreal fell to British- and Montreal fell to British-

MontcalmMontcalm wounded and killed at the Battle wounded and killed at the Battle of the of the Plains of Abraham Plains of Abraham

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

France -->France --> lost lost her Canadian her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in IndiaIndia, and claims , and claims to landsto lands east east of the Mississippi of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> would would get get all French all French lands lands westwest of the Mississippi River, of the Mississippi River, New Orleans (until 1801), but lost New Orleans (until 1801), but lost FloridaFlorida to England. to England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to CaribbeanCaribbean slave trade, and slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

The Outcome 1763 The Outcome 1763 Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris

The Outcome 1763 The Outcome 1763 Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

1.1. It It increasedincreased her colonial empire her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly increased England’s It greatly increased England’s debtdebt..

3.3. Britain’s Britain’s hatredhatred for the for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American Empire was American Empire was necessarynecessary!!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It It united united them against athem against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a It created a comradariecomradarie experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created It created bitterbitter feelings feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

17631763 Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion--enraged by the Treaty of Paris, enraged by the Treaty of Paris, tribes attacked tribes attacked DetroitDetroit and other and other European settlements-proved European settlements-proved the British army could the British army could not not protect protect settlerssettlers

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of British “gifts” of smallpoxsmallpox--infected blankets from Fort Pitt infected blankets from Fort Pitt killedkilled Indians Indians all over the areaall over the area

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)-Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)-8 of 8 of 12 12 forts fell to the Indiansforts fell to the Indians

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)-Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)-8 of 8 of 12 12 forts fell to the Indiansforts fell to the Indians

British British Proclamation Line of Proclamation Line of 1763-prohibited settlement 1763-prohibited settlement westwest of line-colonists of line-colonists disobeyeddisobeyed..

Colonials Colonials Paxton Boys Paxton Boys (PA) (PA) slaughtered innocent Christian slaughtered innocent Christian

Indians in Lancaster, PA-Indians in Lancaster, PA-retaliationretaliation for Pontiac’s rebellionfor Pontiac’s rebellion

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

The Paxton Boys Massacre of Christian Indians

1.1. Sugar Act Sugar Act – 1764-– 1764-to discourage to discourage smugglingsmuggling2.2. Currency Act - 1764 Currency Act - 1764

4.4. Stamp Act Stamp Act – – 1765-the 1765-the one that most angered the one that most angered the colonists b/c it taxed things colonists b/c it taxed things produced and consumed produced and consumed in the in the coloniescolonies

3.3. Quartering Act - 1765 Quartering Act - 1765

George Grenville’s George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765 (to Program, 1763-1765 (to

help pay for war and help pay for war and maintain British army)maintain British army)

George Grenville’s George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765 (to Program, 1763-1765 (to

help pay for war and help pay for war and maintain British army)maintain British army)

Loyal NineLoyal Nine - 1765- 1765Sons of LibertySons of Liberty – – began in began in NYC:NYC:Sam Adams to Sam Adams to boycottboycott British British productsproducts

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress – 1765– 1765 ** success- success- Stamp Act Stamp Act canceledcanceledDeclaratory ActDeclaratory Act – – 1766 Parliament-1766 Parliament-supreme supreme over colonies>>> ignored over colonies>>> ignored by Colonistsby Colonists

Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis

17671767 William Pitt, P. M. & Charles William Pitt, P. M. & Charles TownshendTownshend, Secretary of, Secretary of the Exchequer (treasury) the Exchequer (treasury)

A Shift from paying taxes for war Shift from paying taxes for war debts & quartering of troops debts & quartering of troops paying colonial govt. salaries. paying colonial govt. salaries.

A Colonists Protested-Colonists Protested-no taxation no taxation w/o representation in Parliamentw/o representation in Parliament

A Tax these imports Tax these imports paper, paint, paper, paint, lead, glass, lead, glass, teatea..

A Increase Increase tax collectors tax collectors at at American ports American ports established a established a Board of Customs in Board of Customs in BostonBoston..

Townshend Acts Townshend Acts Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770Townshend Acts Townshend Acts

Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770

1.1. Colonists Colonists RefusedRefused to Import to Import British goods (boycotts)British goods (boycotts)

2.2. Riots against customs Riots against customs agents:agents: ** John Hancock’s John Hancock’s ship, the ship, the

LibertyLiberty.. ** 4000 British troops sent 4000 British troops sent to to BostonBoston where violence where violence

and protests had been and protests had been the the worst worst

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend Actsthe Townshend ActsColonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend Actsthe Townshend Acts