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Fitness Appraisal, Inc. Corporate Office: PO Box 1566, Big Bear Lake, CA 92315. 760-525-8298. Bob Antonacci, MSEd Exercise Physiologist. President. Website: fitnessappraisalinc.com Arizona Office: PO Box 1771, Dewey, AZ 86327. 928-899-0705. Chris Krogedal. Director Arizona State.
THE NEED FOR A MANDATORY PHYSICAL FITNESS PROGRAM FOR
FIREFIGHTERS
PHYSICAL FITNESS TRENDS AND NORMATIVE DATA OF SELECTIVE HEALTH AND FITNESS PARAMETERS
OF FIREFIGHTERS THROUGHOUT THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. THE DATABASE INCLUDES 4,423
LIFE/YEARS SPREAD OVER A PERIOD OF 14 YEARS.
INTRODUCTION
With the new reforms on firefighter retirement benefits increasing the age to 57 for full benefits to kick in, will the advancing age firefighter be fit for duty? Under the current conditions, the answer is clearly no. In fact, the data in this report will demonstrate that all firefighters above 39 who have an ideal Max VO2 value of 45 or higher or an ideal Body Fat Percentage of 19% or less or a Physical Performance Score1500 or higher is above the 50 percentile.
The data presented in this report also identifies a decline in the fitness profile of firefighters as they progress in age. It is apparent in the literature that the average sores in selected fitness parameters for the general population do decrease with increasing age. However, firefighters, regardless of age have to maintain an appropriate standard in selected fitness parameters, those that have a high correlation with firefighter tasks. In order to achieve this goal as a firefighter increases in age his/her’s fitness standards must move up the percentile ranking.
The following data will demonstrate that this does not occur. As a firefighter increases in age there is a steady decline in the physical fitness status. Furthermore, the data also demonstrates that in every age category the percentage of firefighters who do not reach ideal scores in selected fitness parameters increases significantly.
We also have data on firefighters who had documented coronary artery disease and/or died of a cardiovascular event during the past 30 years. We provided a profile of these firefighters at the end of this report. One common dominator among all of these firefighters were that they were 46 or older.
An interesting observation, it should be noted that the reason why some firefighters could not meet the minimal fitness standards in selected fitness parameters was due to an acute injury, but were on full active duty without restrictions.
Highlights of the data among male firefighters are:
� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain the ideal Physical Performance Score of 1500 in the 20-24 age group is10% and increases linearly up to 78% in the 60 plus age group.
� The percentage of firefighters with a body fat percentage above the ideal score of 19% is 38% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 78% by age 60 pulse age group.
� Research has documented that to perform firefighter tasks requires a Max VO2 up to 45 ml/kg/min. The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain an ideal Max VO2 score of 45 ml/kg/min is 23% in the 20-24 age group, age 34 and older over 50% do not meet the minimum requirement and this profile increases linearly up to 71% by the 55-59 age group and drops to 58% in the 60 pulse age group.
� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain the ideal push-up score of 50 in the 20-24 age group is 35% and increases linearly up to 68% in the 60 plus age group.
� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain an ideal two minute abdominal curl score of 80 is 14% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 48% by the 55-59 age group and drops slightly to 46% in the 60 plus age group.
� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain an ideal grip strength score of 60 kg is 21% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 49% by the 60 plus age group.
� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain the ideal vertical jump score of 18 inches is 1% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 36% by the 55-59 age group and drops slightly to 33% in the 60 plus age group.
� A firefighter above the age of 25 who has a body fat percentage at 19% or less is in the 51 percentile and it increases linearly to the 88% by age 60 and above.
� All firefighters above 39 who have an ideal Max VO2 value of 45 or higher or an ideal Body Fat Percentage of 19% or less or a Physical Performance Score1500 or higher is above the 50 percentile.
� Firefighter normative data shows that Max VO2 values on average are 7% higher than the general population in all percentile rankings among various
age groups. Thus, a firefighter’s cardio respiratory endurance is 7% higher than the general population.
� The percentage of firefighters with blood triglyceride levels above 150 is 13% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 37% by the 50-54 age group and drops slightly to 34% in the 55-59 age group and drops again to 24% in the 60 plus age group.
� The percentage of firefighters with borderline high blood cholesterol levels between 201 and 239 is 14% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 31% by the 40-44 age group and drops slightly to 29% in the 45-54 age group and increases to 33% in 55-59 age group and increases significantly to 45% in the 60 plus age group.
Highlights of the data among female firefighters are: Since the population among female firefighters was 86 life/years, the data was not separated by age group. The ages among female firefighters ranged from 22-63.
� 88% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal Physical Performance Score of 1500.
� 86% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal push-up score of 50.
� 82% of all female firefighters scored below an ideal Max VO2 score of 45 ml/kg/min.
� 77% of all female firefighters were above the ideal body fat percentage of 23%
� 69% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal vertical jump score of 18 inches.
� 66% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal score of 80 abdominal curls in two minutes.
� 45% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal grip strength score of 38 kg.
PERCENTILE RANKING BY AGE GROUP FOR THOSE WHO HAVE SCORES AT OR ABOVE IDEAL IN MAX VO2 (45ml/kg/min), BODY FAT PERCENTAGE (19%) AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE SCORE (1500):
AGE GROUP
VO2 45 OR ABOVE
BODY FAT % 19 OR LESS
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE SCORE 1500 OR ABOVE
20-25 27 percentile 38 percentile 13 percentile
26-29 37 percentile 51 percentile 26 percentile
30-34 45 percentile 53 percentile 32 percentile
35-39 50 percentile 70 percentile 48 percentile
40-44 55 percentile 74 percentile 57 percentile
45-49 64 percentile 79 percentile 71 percentile
50-54 72 percentile 82 percentile 86 percentile
55-59 79 percentile 87 percentile 96 percentile
60+ 76 percentile 88 percentile 96 percentile
MINIMAL AND MAXIMAL RANGES OF PERFORMANCE SCORE PARAMETERS BY AGE GROUP
AGE 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+
WEIGHT 134 331
134 353
129 340
124 299
138 315
143 297
151 297
153 289
161 267
FAT % 4.9 38.8
3.8 38.6
4.2 42.8
7.2 42.3
6.2 44
5.1 44
8.8 44
11.4 40.9
16 38.8
MAX VO2
27 70.6
27.9 76.7
24.7 74.2
23.1 76.8
24.3 69.6
18.1 73.2
22.9 68
22.8 60.3
27.1 57.3
PUSH UPS
6 140
3 119
2 108
2 106
2 102
2 123
2 123
5 79
5 50
GRIP 43 85
37 83
38 79
37 88
21 84
37 80
36.6 76
40 74
32 68
AB CURLS
44 174
38 170
31 171
6 187
17 190
5 170
6 170
16 134
17 142
JUMP 13 34.5
8 34
11 32
11.5 31.5
12.5 39.3
11 27.5
10.5 34
12 31
8 29
P-SCORE
1360 1965
1122 1943
1135 1855
1123 1906
1130 1787
978 1804
978 1804
958 1719
1280 1395
We compared the Max VO2 data of firefighters and compared it to the Max VO2 obtained from the general population by the Cooper Institute (population of over 15,000). MALES: AGE: 20-24 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP:250 FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %
RANK 50 % RANK
75% RANK
25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 36 48.5 54.7 39.5 43.9 49.2
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
-9% 9.5% 10%
MALES: AGE: 25-29 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 496
FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %
RANK 50 % RANK
75% RANK
25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 42.8 47.1 52.5 39.5 43.9 49.2
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
8% 7% 6%
MALES: AGE: 30-34 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 738
FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %
RANK 50 % RANK
75% RANK
25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 41.4 45.9 52.1 37.6 42.4 47.5
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
9% 9% 9%
MALES: AGE: 35-39 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 821
FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %
RANK 50 % RANK
75% RANK
25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 39.6 44.8 50.3 37.6 42.4 47.5
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
5% 5% 5%
MALES: AGE: 40-44 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 767
FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %
RANK 50 % RANK
75% RANK
25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 39.4 43.9 49.5 35.7 40.4 45.4
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
9% 8% 8%
MALES: AGE: 45-49 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 712
FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25%
RANK 50% RANK
75% RANK
25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 37.7 42.5 47.3 35.7 40.4 45.4
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
5% 5% 4%
MALES: AGE: 50-54 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 374
FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %
RANK 50 % RANK
75% RANK
25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 38.5 41.2 45.5 32.3 36.7 41.8
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
16% 11% 8%
MALES: AGE: 55-59 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 139
FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %
RANK 50 % RANK
75% RANK
25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MAX VO2 35.7 38.9 42.6 32.3 36.7 41.8
% ABOVE GENERAL POP
9% 5% 1%
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION OVER IDEAL 19% BODY FAT BY AGE GROUP
AVERAGE BODY FAT PERCENTAGE BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
IDEAL 19%
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 45 MAX VO2 BY AGE GROUP
AVERAGE MAX VO2 BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
IDEAL 45
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 60kg GRIP STRENGTH BY AGE GROUP
AVERAGE GRIP STRENGTH BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
IDEAL 60
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 80 ABDOMINAL CURLS BY AGE GROUP
AVERAGE 2 MIN ABDOMINAL CURLS BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
IDEAL 80
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 18in VERTICAL JUMP BY AGE GROUP
AVERAGE VERTICAL JUMP BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
IDEAL 18
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 50 PUSH UPS BY AGE GROUP
AVERAGE PUSH UPS BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
IDEAL 50
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 1500 PERFORMANCE SCORE BY AGE GROUP
AVERAGE PERFORMANCE SCORE BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
IDEAL 1500
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION WITH TRIGLYCERIDES EQUAL OR OVER 150 BY AGE GROUP
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION WITH BODERLINE HIGH CHOLESTEROL (200-239) BY AGE GROUP
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+
FEMALE PROFILE Population #: 86 Life/Years. Age group ranges: 22-63
Scatter graphs of scores from female firefighters by increasing age.
WEIGHT
RANGE: 114-208
BODY FAT PERCENTAGE
20 SCORES AT OR BELOW 23: 23%
IDEAL
MAX VO2
16 SCORES AT OR ABOVE 45: 18%
IDEAL
PUSH UPS
12 SCORES AT OR ABOVE 50: 14%
IDEAL
ABDOMINAL CURLS
29 SCORES AT OR ABOVE 80: 34%
IDEAL
GRIP STRENGTH
47 SCORES AT OR ABOVE 38: 55%
IDEAL
VERTICAL JUMP
27 SCORES AT 18 OR ABOVE: 31%
IDEAL
PERFORMANCE SCORE
10 SCORES 1500 OR ABOVE: 12%
IDEAL
MALES: AGE: 20-24 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP:250 PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR
BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25 % RANK
50 % RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 195.7 35.3 172 187 211 134 331
RHR 68 11.3 66
SBP 120 >=140: 22 (9%) 12.8 118 92 158
DBP 75.5 >=90: 28 (11%) 9.8 76 40 102
BODY FAT% 18.1 >19%: 95 (38%) 7.2 22.9 16.8 12.5 4.9 38.8
CHOLESTEROL 174.2 >=240: 10 (4%)
>=200-<240: 41 (16%)
38 172 87 276
HDL 49.4 <40: 33 (13%) 10.8 49
HDL RATIO 3.6 >5: 30 (12%) 1.2 3.3
LDL 102.6 >100: 23 (9%) 33.1 99
TRIGLYCERIDES 103 >=150: 34 (14%) 82.3 85 34 491
GLUCOSE 86.3 >=100: 23 (9%) 12.2 87
FITNESS AGE 26.5 > Age: 102 (41%)
7.5 25.2
MAX VO2 49.6 <45: 64 (26%) 7.8 35.1 48.5 54.7 27 70.6
PUSH-UPS 49.8 <50: 93 (37%) 19.6 39 49 58 6 140
GRIP STRENGTH
62.7 <60: 54 (22%) 9.6 51.2 62 68 43 85.1
2 MIN AB CURLS 102 <80: 37 (15%) 25.4 87 100 121 44 174
VERTICAL JUMP 24.2 <18: 6 (2%) 3.4 22 24 26 13 34.5
PERFORMANCE SCORE
1616.6 <1500: 27 (11%) 105 1543 1615 1685 1360 1965
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 20 (8%)
MALES: AGE: 25-29 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 496 PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR
BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION)
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 196.1 30.9 176 192.8 212 134 353
RHR 67.6 11.2 68
SBP 121 >=140: 38 (8%) 12.9 120 90 174
DBP 77.5 >=90: 47 (9%) 9.5 78 40 108
BODY FAT% 19.6 >19%: 241 (49%)
6.2 23.7 19.2 15.7 3.8 38.6
CHOLESTEROL 182.8 >=240: 30 (6%) >=200-<240: 97 (20%)
35.1 180 76 340
HDL 48.1 <40: 94 (19%) 11.6 47
HDL RATIO 4.0 >5: 70 (14%) 1.3 3.7
LDL 110.1 >100: 282 (57%) 35.3 109
TRIGLYCERIDES 123.4 >=150: 106 (21%)
83.6 105 31 1100
GLUCOSE 88.6 >=100: 59 (12%) 25.5 90
FITNESS AGE 28.5 > Age: 184 (37%)
8.7 26.3
MAX VO2 47.7 <45: 172 (35%) 21.1 42.8 47.1 52.5 27.9 76.7
PUSH-UPS 45.6 <50: 246 (50%) 17.3 33 44 54 3 119
GRIP STRENGTH 62.6 <60: 136 (27%) 7.5 58 62 67.3 37 83
2 MIN AB CURLS 98.3 <80: 88 (18%) 25.4 82 96 114 38 170
VERTICAL JUMP 21.5 <18: 22 (4%) 3.5 21.5 23.5 26 8 34
PERFORMANCE SCORE
1575.1 <1500: 118 (24%)
132.2
1366 1571.5 1645 1121.7 1943
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 35 (7%)
MALES: AGE: 30-34 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 738
PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 196.3 31.1 173 193 213 129 340
RHR 67.7 10.9 68
SBP 120.8 >=140: 39 (5%) 13.3 120 90 198
DBP 78 >=90: 76 (10%) 9.1 78 40 130
BODY FAT% 20.4 >19%: 377 (51%)
6.7 24.6 19.9 15.7 4.2 42.8
CHOLESTEROL 183.3 >=240: 36 (5%) >=200-<240: 156 (21%)
34.8 183 99 326
HDL 47.7 <40: 148 (20%) 10.6 47
HDL RATIO 3.9 >5: 107 (14%) 1.3 3.8
LDL 112.6 >100: 432 (59%) 31.9 112
TRIGLYCERIDES 123.9 >=150: 180 (24%)
70.1 106 28 543
GLUCOSE 88.5 >=100: 93 (13%) 18.7 91
FITNESS AGE 30.3 > Age: 220 (27%) 9.5 28.7
MAX VO2 46.8 <45: 305 (41%) 8.4 41.4 45.9 52.1 24.7 74.2
PUSH-UPS 42.9 <50: 362 (49%) 17.8 30 43 52 2 108
GRIP STRENGTH
63.2 <60: 175 (24%) 7.4 59 62 68 38 79
2 MIN AB CURLS 94.2 <80: 163 (22%) 27.3 78 93 112 31 171
VERTICAL JUMP 23.2 <18: 22 (3%) 3.2 21 23.5 25.3 11 32
PERFORMANCE SCORE
1551.1 <1500: 209 (28%)
122.9 1475 1552 1635 1135 1855
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 64 (9%)
MALES: AGE: 35-39 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 821
PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 200 30.8 178 197 220 124 299
RHR 67.5 10.8 68
SBP 121.8 >=140: 67 (8%) 12.8 120 84 180
DBP 79.5 >=90: 126 (15%) 9.9 80 48 110
BODY FAT% 22.4 >19%: 473 (58%)
6.7 27 22.6 18 7.2 42.3
CHOLESTEROL 190.6 >=240: 63 (8%) >=200-<240: 209 (25%)
37.7 188 89 388
HDL 47.8 <40: 155 (19%) 11.4 47
HDL RATIO 4.1 >5: 146 (18%) 1.3 4.0
LDL 116.8 >100: 479 (58%) 35.2 117
TRIGLYCERIDES 140.5 >=150: 218 (27%)
106 112 30 1092
GLUCOSE 91.3 >=100: 130 (16%) 14.5 92
FITNESS AGE 33 > Age: 179 (22%) 10.5 31.1
MAX VO2 45.5 <45: 361 (41%) 8.7 39.6 44.8 50.3 23.1 76.8
PUSH-UPS 39.3 <50: 409 (50%) 16.3 27 39 50 2 106
GRIP STRENGTH
62.8 <60: 258 (31%) 7.5 58 62 68 37 88
2 MIN AB CURLS 84.7 <80: 258 (31%) 25.2 68 84 100 6 187
VERTICAL JUMP 22 <18: 63 (8%) 3.2 20 22 24 11.5 31.5
PERFORMANCE SCORE
1499.3 <1500: 333 (41%)
123.3 1418 1507 1575 1123 1906
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 66 (8%)
MALES: AGE: 40-44 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 767
PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 201.7 30.1 181 197.5 222 138 315
RHR 66.3 10.7 65.5
SBP 121.9 >=140: 65 (8%) 13.1 120 90 176
DBP 80.5 >=90: 113 (15%) 9.3 80 30 112
BODY FAT% 23.0 >19%: 508 (66%)
13 27.6 23.2 18.7 6.2 44
CHOLESTEROL 200 >=240: 88 (11%) >=200-<240: 251 (31%)
35.6 198 87 329
HDL 48.6 <40: 134 (17%) 12.2 47
HDL RATIO 4.2 >5: 164 (21%) 1.3 4.2
LDL 125.8 >100: 531 (69%) 32.6 125
TRIGLYCERIDES 135.5 >=150: 220 (29%)
86.9 114 25 717
GLUCOSE 91.6 >=100: 144 (19%) 17.8 92
FITNESS AGE 35.1 > Age: 124 (16%) 10.7 33.7
MAX VO2 44.6 <45: 385 (50%) 8.3 39.4 43.9 49.5 24.3 69.6
PUSH-UPS 37.3 <50: 399 (52%) 15.5 26 36 48 2 102
GRIP STRENGTH
61.9 <60: 244 (32%) 7.7 57 62 67 21 84
2 MIN AB CURLS 82.8 <80: 274 (36%) 25.9 64 81 100 17 190
VERTICAL JUMP 21 <18: 91 (12%) 3.5 19 21 23 12.5 39.3
PERFORMANCE SCORE
1474.8 <1500: 383 (50%)
144.4 1403 1476 1555 1130 1787
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 94 (12%)
MALES: AGE: 45-49 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 712
PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 202 30.1 181 198 220 143 297
RHR 67.7 11.4 66
SBP 121.7 >=140: 64 (9%) 12.3 120 90 178
DBP 64 >=90: 110 (15%) 8.7 80 48 112
BODY FAT% 23.9 >19%: 504 (71%)
6.5 28.4 23.6 19.7 5.1 44
CHOLESTEROL 199.4 >=240: 93 (13%) >=200-<240: 208 (29%)
36.1 197 89 312
HDL 48.5 <40: 145 (20%) 12.7 47
HDL RATIO 4.2 >5: 154 (22%) 1.4 4.1
LDL 120.8 >100: 471 (66%) 38.1 120
TRIGLYCERIDES 151.7 >=150: 244 (34%)
124.8 126 28 907
GLUCOSE 93.5 >=100: 139 (20%)
30.3 93
FITNESS AGE 37.8 > Age: 112
(12%)
11 37
MAX VO2 43 <45: 396 (56%) 7.8 37.7 42.5 47.3 18.1 73.2
PUSH-UPS 34.4 <50: 405 (57%) 18.3 22 31 45 2 123
GRIP STRENGTH 59.6 <60: 281 (39%) 8 54.1 60 64.1 37 80
2 MIN AB CURLS 78.9 <80: 282 (40%) 29 59 79 97 5 170
VERTICAL JUMP 19.9 <18: 124 (17%) 3.6 18 20 22 11 27.5
PERFORMANCE
SCORE
1432.4 <1500: 414
(58%)
125.1 1345 1434 1515 978 1804
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 87 (12%)
MALES: AGE: 50-54
NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 374
PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 201.5 28.1 182.5 197.8 217 151 297
RHR 66.1 10.4 66
SBP 124.6 >=140: 45 (12%) 12.8 124 94 174
DBP 80.9 >=90: 57 (15%) 9.2 80 50 112
BODY FAT% 24.1 >19%: 263 (70%)
6.2 27.6 24.1 20.2 8.8 44
CHOLESTEROL 197.4 >=240: 43 (11%)
>=200-<240:
113 (30%)
37 197 108 294
HDL 49 <40: 73 (20%) 12 48
HDL RATIO 4.0 >5: 77 (21%) 1.5 3.9
LDL 120.4 >100: 241 (64%) 36.5 120
TRIGLYCERIDES 154.1 >=150: 141 (38%)
116.2 128 40 907
GLUCOSE 96.4 >=100: 115 (31%)
24.1 95
FITNESS AGE 40.2 > Age: 46 (12%) 11.4 39.4
MAX VO2 41.5 <45: 228 (61%) 8.1 38.5 41.2 45.5 22.9 68
PUSH-UPS 31 <50: 201 (54%) 16.3 20 29 43 2 123
GRIP STRENGTH 57.9 <60: 177 (47%) 7.6 53 58 63 36.6 76
2 MIN AB CURLS 72.4 <80: 159 (43%) 27.9 54 71 89 6 170
VERTICAL JUMP 19.3 <18: 99 (26%) 4.5 17 18.8 21 10.5 34
PERFORMANCE
SCORE
1383.5 <1500: 250
(67%)
119.2 1311 1392.5 1455 978 1804
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 36 (10%)
MALES: AGE: 55-59
NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 139
PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 202.6 31.5 179 195 224 153 289
RHR 65.6 10.7 64
SBP 127.2 >=140: 27 (19%) 14.6 128 92 178
DBP 81.4 >=90:26 (19%) 8.5 80 60 104
BODY FAT% 24.9 >19%: 104 (75%)
6.2 29.5 24.2 20.4 11.4 40.9
CHOLESTEROL 199.9 >=240: 16 (12%)
>=200-<240: 46 (33%)
121 312
HDL 50.6 <40: 21 (15%) 11.8 49
HDL RATIO 4 >5: 23 (17%) 1.2 4
LDL 118.1 >100: 90 (65%) 36.9 119
TRIGLYCERIDES 136.3 >=150: 49 (35%) 64.7 125 42 373
GLUCOSE 99.6 >=100: 54 (39%) 20.1 97
FITNESS AGE 45.7 > Age: 16 (12%) 11.5 46.8
MAX VO2 39 <45: 102 (73%) 6.7 35.7 38.9 42.6 22.8 60.3
PUSH-UPS 25.9 <50: 80 (58%) 14.5 17 21 35 5 79
GRIP STRENGTH 54.8 <60: 83 (50%) 7.5 49 53 60 40 74
2 MIN AB CURLS 61.4 <80: 70 (50%) 25.8 45 63 80 16 134
VERTICAL JUMP 18.2 <18: 52 (37%) 3.7 16 17.5 20 12 31
PERFORMANCE
SCORE
1319 <1500: 103
(74%)
110.8 1242 1312.5 1394 958 1719
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 30 (22%)
MALES: AGE: 60 +
NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 40
PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))
SD 25% RANK
50% RANK
75% RANK
MIN RANGE
MAX RANGE
WEIGHT 186.7 21.7 172.8 182 192 161 267
RHR 64.4 11.3 64
SBP 127.4 >=140: 9 (23%) 11.6 128 98 148
DBP 80.3 >=90: 4 (10%) 8.1 80 56 100
BODY FAT% 23.6 >19%: 31 (78%) 4.7 27 22.2 20.9 16 38.8
CHOLESTEROL 199.7 >=240: 4 (10%)
>=200-<240: 18 (45%)
34.9 203 113 300
HDL 51.3 <40: 10 (25%) 13.9 52
HDL RATIO 4 >5: 10 (25%) 1.2 3.8
LDL 123.1 >100: 32 (80%) 30.8 120
TRIGLYCERIDES 125.3 >=150: 10 (25%) 46 117.5 58 278
GLUCOSE 113 >=100: 9 (23%) 40.6 98
FITNESS AGE 41.5 > Age: 3 (8%) 11.2 38.6
MAX VO2 40.5 <45: 24 (60%) 6.4 37.4 40 44.9 27.1 57.3
PUSH-UPS 27.3 <50: 27 (68%) 11 22 26 35 5 50
GRIP STRENGTH
51.2 <60: 30 (50%) 8.3 44.8 52 56.4 32 68
2 MIN AB CURLS 75.4 <80: 19 (48%) 28.3 54 75 97 17 142
VERTICAL JUMP 18 <18: 13 (33%) 3.5 16.3 18 19.7 8 29
PERFORMANCE
SCORE
1331.5 <1500: 32 (80%) 123.5 1280 1358 1395 1280 1395
SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 8 (20%)
2 MINUTE FULL SIT-UP NORMS Population: 191 Life/years
AGE AVG 25% 75%
20-29 66 53 78
30-39 60 50 73
40-49 52 41 64
50+ 47 31 65
TOTAL 57 44 69
20-29 30-39 40-49 50+
AVG.
TESTING PROTOCOL: The following parameters have been researched using the criterion method and determine to have a high coloration with actual firefighter tasks. A scoring system was developed by Dotson, et al that calculates the Physical Performance Score.
Two minute abdominal curl test-maximum amount performed. During the past two years we switch our protocol to a full two minute sit-up test.
Hydrostatic weighing protocol. Last two years bio-electrical impedance to determine body fat percentage. Skinfold analysis was used if hydro or bio results seemed inaccurate.
Sub maximal two stage treadmill test using extrapolation to predict Max VO2. During the past three years Max VO2 determined by measured expiratory O2 and CO2 during maximal treadmill test.
Vertical jump test. Maximum height obtained after a number of attempts. Maximum push-ups to exhaustion without pausing.
Maximum hand grip test. Best score obtained on both hands.
PHYSICAL FITNESS AGE: The physical fitness age was calculated by using the scores of the following parameters:
Body fat%
Max VO2
1 Minute Abdominal Curl Test
Maximum Push-Ups
Sit & Reach Flexibility Test
The Physical Fitness Age score was calculated by comparing the value obtained from the fitness test and comparing it to the 75 percentile of respective age group using the ACSM normative database.
What Specific Profile Can Identify A Firefighter Who May Be At Risk For Coronary Heart Disease Or Death From A Cardiovascular Event?
Fitness Appraisal, Inc. has been implementing health and fitness assessments on firefighters for 30 years throughout the state of California. During this period we were aware of 11 firefighters who had documented coronary heart disease or died of a cardiovascular event among fire departments we evaluated. The following information displays the risk profile of this population.
% RISK FACTORS PRESENT 46 OR OVER 100%
TRIGLYCERIDES ABOVE 150 91% AIG >.1 91% CHD RISK % ABOVE 9 91% CHOLESTEROL ABOVE 200 91% HDL BELOW 50 88% BLOOD PRESSURE 140/90 + 72% MAX VO2 <40 70% METABOLIC SYNDROME 63% SIGNIFICANT FAMILY HISTORY 40% CURRENT OR FORMER SMOKER 27% SYMPTOMS 27% EKG-ST DEPRESSION 27% HS-CRP ABOVE 1(only 3 evaluated) 100%
Firefighters who had documented coronary heart disease or died from a cardiovascular event had the following profile: All were 46 and over and 91% had Moderate to High AIP, CHD Score above 8 and 2 or more CHD risk factors.
AIP-Elevated Atherogenic Index of Plasma Insulin resistance is often associated with increased triglyceride (TG) and decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and increased small LDL particles. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), defined as log(TG/HDL-C), has recently been proposed as a marker of plasma atherogenicity because it is increased in people at higher risk for coronary heart disease and is inversely correlated with LDL particle size.
CHD Risk Score: Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score (SI Units)
Estimates risk of having coronary heart disease at 10 years (SI units). The following parameters are used to calculate the risk:
� Sex (validated only for male/female, no transgender/intersex) � Age (not validated for 74 or over) � Total Chol (mmol/L) � HDL (mmol/L) � BP (mm Hg) to choose a category, uses the highest category. � Diabetic? � Smoker?
The following parameters were less significant among the firefighters who had documented coronary heart disease or died of a cardiovascular event (40%, 27% 27%, 27% occurrence).