The Need and Development for Dynamic Integrated GIS …ares.tu.chiba-u.jp/workshop/Chiba-RS2005/Chiba 09 2005... · 2016. 3. 23. · (GeoProMT) Chris S. Renschler and Laercio M. Namikawa

National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA), University at Buffalo (SUNY)

Buffalo, New York, USA

The Need and Development for Dynamic Integrated GIS Enhancement

and Support Tools (DIGEST) –The Geospatial Project Management Tool

(GeoProMT)

Chris S. Renschler and Laercio M. Namikawa

Landscape-based Environmental System Analysis & Modeling (LESAM) Laboratory

Research Leader: Chris S. Renschler

The LESAM Mission:The development and integration of appropriate and user-

friendly analysis and modeling techniques in GIScience and Environmental Modeling Tools

with readily available data sets to support a rapid, practical and effective decision-making

in natural resources and natural hazard management.

Risk Management of Geophysical

Mass Flows

The GeoWEPP Project –

Preventive and Post-Wildfire Rehabilitation Management of Soil Erosion in Forest & Rangelands

Hayman Fire, Colorado

August 2002~470 km2

Data

GIS

Models

Graph.User

Interface

User scale of interest

Plot scale

Hillslope

Field

Farm

Watershed

Region

Single event

Short-term

Multiple events

Long-term

Historic dataScenario

GI Science and Environmental Models

Data

GIS

Models

Graph.User

Interface

question

answer

requirements

availabilit

y

preproces

singlocation

visualization

req

uir

emen

tsd

ata

exch

ange


Plot scale

Hillslope

Field

Farm

Watershed

Region

Single event

Short-term

Multiple events

Long-term


dataentry


Data

GIS

Models

Graph.User

Interface

question

answer

requirements

availabilit

y

preproces

singlocation

visualization

req

uir

emen

tsd

ata

exch

ange


Plot scale

Hillslope

Field

Farm

Watershed

Region

Single event

Short-term

Multiple events

Long-term


dataentry


User’s Expertise

Susquehanna River Basin, PA (modified from Osterkamp & Toy, 1997)

210-1-2

3

2

1

4

Log space km

Log sediment

yieldt km-2 yr-1

0

1 ha 1 km2100 m2 100 km2 10 000 km2

0.1

Sediment yield

t ha-1 yr-1

1

10

100

Scale of erosion processes and sediment yields

?

10 000 yrs

1000 yrs

1 yr

1 mon

1 day

1 hr

1 min

Log time years

Log space

km

10 000 km2

100 km2

1 km2

1 ha

100 m2

1 cm2

420-2-4-6

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

watershed

front

thunderstorm

breeze

long waves El Niño climate change

Weather / Climate

1 dm2micro

plot

hill-slope

sub-

basin

Topographic Scale

1 m2

100 yrs

10 yrs

1Mio. km2

globe

-8

1 sec

Natural variability and role of scale

10 000 yrs

1000 yrs

1 yr

1 mon

1 day

1 hr

1 min

Log time years

Log space

km

10 000 km2

100 km2

1 km2

1 ha

100 m2

1 cm2

420-2-4-6

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

watershed

front

thunderstorm

breeze


Weather / Climate

1 dm2

Soil / Lithology

micro

plot

hill-slope

sub-

basin

infiltration / moisture structure texture

depth

landscape evolution

catena

Topographic Scale

1 m2

100 yrs

10 yrs

1Mio. km2

globe

-8

1 sec


splash

10 000 yrs

1000 yrs

1 yr

1 mon

1 day

1 hr

1 min

Log time years

Log space

km

10 000 km2

100 km2

1 km2

1 ha

100 m2

1 cm2

420-2-4-6

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

watershed

front

thunderstorm

breeze


Weather / Climate

1 dm2

interrill

rill

gully

fluvial

Soil / Lithology Erosion Process

micro

plot

hill-slope

sub-

basin


depth

landscape evolution

catena

Topographic Scale

1 m2

100 yrs

10 yrs

1Mio. km2

globe

-8

1 sec


splash

10 000 yrs

1000 yrs

1 yr

1 mon

1 day

1 hr

1 min

Log time years

Log space

km

10 000 km2

100 km2

1 km2

1 ha

100 m2

1 cm2

420-2-4-6

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

watershed

wood

stand

canopy

buffer

grass

front

thunderstorm

breeze


Weather / Climate Vegetation

1 dm2

interrill

rill

gully

fluvial


micro

plot

hill-slope

sub-

basin


depth

landscape evolution

catena

Topographic Scale

1 m2

100 yrs

10 yrs

1Mio. km2

globe

-8

1 sec


splash

10 000 yrs

1000 yrs

1 yr

1 mon

1 day

1 hr

1 min

Log time years

Log space

km

10 000 km2

100 km2

1 km2

1 ha

100 m2

1 cm2

420-2-4-6

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

watershed

wood

stand

canopy

buffer

grass

front

thunderstorm

breeze


Weather / Climate Vegetation

1 dm2

Management Unit

interrill

rill

gully

fluvial


micro

plot

hill-slope

sub-

basin


depthtillage ridgehorticulture

orchard

forest

landscape evolution

catena

Topographic Scale

1 m2

100 yrs

10 yrs

1Mio. km2

globe

-8

1 sec

crop


fluvialsplash rill gullyinterrill


210-1-2

3

2

1

4

Log space km

Log sediment

yieldt km-2 yr-1

- Net Storage -(transport

limited)

- Net Erosion -(supply limited)

0

1 ha 1 km2100 m2 100 km2 10 000 km2

0.1

Sediment yield

t ha-1 yr-1

1

10

100


fluvialsplash rill gullyinterrill


210-1-2

3

2

1

4

Log space km

Log sediment

yieldt km-2 yr-1

- Net Storage -(transport

limited)

- Net Erosion -(supply limited)

by gully, channel and geomorphic processes

Sediment releasedmainly

0

1 ha 1 km2100 m2 100 km2 10 000 km2

0.1

Sediment yield

t ha-1 yr-1

1

10

100

by rill / interrill processes


Classification of model approaches (Hoosbeek & Bryant)

World

Continent / Basin

Region

Watershed / County

Catena / Farm

Polypedon / Field

Pedon / Plot

Soil Horizon

Soil Structure

Basic Structure

Molecular Interaction

- i+6

- i+5

- i+4

- i+3

- i+2

- i+1

- i-2

- i-3

- i-4

Degree of computation

complex

ity

mechanistic

empirical

quantit

ativ

e

qualita

tive

Use

r ex

pert

ise

Exp

ert k

now

ledg

e

Bla

ck b

ox

Com

preh

ensi

ve m

odel

s of

ent

ire

syst

em

Det

aile

d m

odel

of

part

ial s

yste

m

Scal

e hi

erar

chy

Water balanceat point scale

Model concepts to simulate landscape processes

Pedon 1-D vertical

Surface runoff & soil erosion

at flowpath scale

Flowpath / Catena1-D vert. + 1-D horiz.

Water balance& geomorphology at hillslope scale

Hillslope / sub-catchment1-D vert. + 2-D horiz.

Commonly Available U.S. Data Sources

Variuos platforms•NOAA•USDA-NRCS•USGSAvailable from

•GeoTIFF•Shapefile•GeoTIFF•Binary•ARCgrid

Format

•30 m•15 m•1 m

•1:24,000•1:100,000•1:250,000

•30 m

•3-arc-sec•1 arc-sec•1/3 arc-sec•1/9 arc-sec

Scale/Resolution

Historic/Actual Imagesvarious•1990, 2000/02•2000 (SRTM)Collection Date

•Landsat TM•Landsat ETM•National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP)

•TIGER database•FEMA Flood Data•Water Bodies•Hydrologic Units

•Classification of Landsat images

•Field survey•Photogrammetry•Interferometry•LIDAR•Topographic Maps

Source Data

RS ImageryHydrographyLand Use/CoverDEM/TopographyInformation

USGS DEM Vertical Resolution

• The hill shade view of several DEM quads allows you to quickly evaluate their accuracy

Level 2 in metersLevel 2 in feet

Level 1 in meters Level 2 in feet

USGS DigitalElevation

Data (1:24,000)

Topographical maps (DRG)

DLG - Digital Line Graph

Level 1 / 30m* Level 2 / 30m Level 2 / 10m

U.S. Geological Survey, 1999

DEM - Digital Elevation Models:

*High altitude Photogrammetry

Natural pattern Process Scale True Process Scale and Variance

⇓ Measuring ⇓ BASIC SCALING ⇓

Representation Measurement Scale Observation Unit (measurement device)




⇓ Pre-processing ⇓ 1st SCALING ⇓

Representation Database Scale Common Database Unit (data availability)






⇓ Discretization ⇓ 2nd SCALING ⇓

Representation Modeling Scale Modeling Unit (model requirements)








⇓ Modeling ⇓ 3rd SCALING ⇓

Representation Prediction Scale Prediction Unit (model design)










⇓ Post-processing ⇓ 4th SCALING ⇓

Representation Assessment Scale Scale of Interest (user requirements)












⇓ Evaluating ⇓ 5th SCALING ⇓













⇓ Evaluating ⇓ 5th SCALING ⇓


⇑ Measuring ⇑ BASIC SCALING ⇑


Dig

ital

Dom

ain

Integrated Modeling System 1

Soil Erosion Assessment with the Geospatial Interface to the

Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP)

Geo-spatial interface for theWater Erosion Prediction Project –

GeoWEPP

WEPP Watershed

Watershed outlet

OFE 1

OFE 2

Hill 1

Hill 2

Hill 4

Hill 5

Hill 3

Channel

Impoundment

• Hillslopes– Overland flow elements OFE’s

• Channels / Impoundments

• Watershed structure

• Soils

• Management

• Climate

Commonlyavailable

data

4.Scaling:Mappingof results

3.ScalingModel-

application

GraphicalUser

Interface

assessmentanswer

availabilitypre-processing

locationvisual-ization

require-ments

User’s scalesof interest

Plot scaleHillslope

Field

Farm

Watershed

Region

Single event

Short-term

Multiple events

Long-term


additionaldata entry

2.Scaling:Discret-ization

1.Scaling:Common Database

5.Scaling:Quality

assessment

GIS

post-processing

assessmentquestion

uncertaintyassessment

Scaling theory to integrate environmental models and GI science

User’s Expertis

e

WEPP - GIS model integration

Arc View 3.1

TOPAZ

WEPP

Subcatchment, boundary, channel

network grids

CSA, MCL, Outlet point

DEM, Soil, Land use /

cover maps

Slope, land cover, soil,

projects, structures

Maps for Soil loss, Runoff

Sediment Yields

Plot Output,

main text outputs

GeoWEPP

Old Fire (Waterman Canyon, Dec ’03)

Integrated Modeling System 2

Volcanic Debris Flow Assessment with TITAN2D

Flow Extents• Colima, Mexico

Saucedo, R., J. L. Macias and M. Bursik (2004). "Pyroclastic flow deposits of the 1991 eruption of Volcan de Colima, Mexico." Bulletin of Volcanology 66(4): 291-306.

TITAN2D• Mathematical, deterministic, and dynamic

model of avalanches and debris flows.– Flows triggered by volcanic and seismic activities,

and extreme precipitation events.

– Particles - centimeter to meter-sized.

– Flow travels at up to hundreds of meters per second, over tens of kilometers.

Visualization of Flow and GIS Data

Commonlyavailable

data


3.ScalingModel-

application

GraphicalUser

Interface

assessmentanswer


locationvisual-ization

require-ments


Plot scale

Hillslope

Field

Farm

Watershed

Region

Single event

Short-term

Multiple events

Long-term



-Discret2.Scaling:

ization


5.Scaling:Quality

assessment

GIS

post-processing

assessmentquestion



Commonlyavailable

data

Commonlyavailable

data


3.ScalingModel-

application

GraphicalUser

Interface

assessmentanswer


locationvisual -ization

require-ments


Plot scale

Hillslope

Field

Farm

Watershed

Region

Single event

Short-term

Multiple events

Long-term



-Discret2.Scaling:

ization


5.Scaling:Quality

assessment

GIS

post-processing

assessmentquestion



Commonlyavailable

data

DEM Slope Curvature

Flow PathComparison

InterpolationAggregation

TITAN2D

Field Survey

DerivativeDerivative

GIS

Data!

Uncertainty!

Scale!

Model + GIS !

Geo-spatialDynamic Response

Assessment Tool Data!

Uncertainty!

Scale!

Goals for GeoDRAT Platformwith Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Integration of tools in interdisciplinary projects involving• spatial data processing,• environmental process modeling, • geo-visualization, and • decision-making components.

Consideration of Data, Scales and Uncertainties through:• effective and seamless spatial data processing/sharing, and• minimizing the impact of data processing algorithms on

results.

GeoDRAT Services

• utilize network data processing capabilities

• access shared data sources

• share own data and processing capabilities

• streamline interaction among interdisciplinary research groups.

Geo-spatialDynamic Response

Assessment Tool

Integrated Geospatial Data Modeling System

+

Geospatial Project Management Tool (GeoProMT/GeoDRAT)

=

Dynamic Integrated GIS Enhancement and Support Tools

(DIGEST)

DIGEST system integrated in a Geographic Data Server

Mapping Camera System for Real- time Images and Algorithm Validation

Visible-Near (VN), Short (SW), Medium (MW), and Long Wave (LW) Infrared (IR)

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)

Time Sequence of Fire Propagation in LWIR

Conclusions:

Integrating GI Science & Environmental Models

• Interdisciplinary development / implementation

• Process-based approaches for wide application

• Evaluation of data scaling effects are essential

• Utilizing commonly available data sources

• Include educational tools to understand processes

pattern, basic problems and practical solutions

Documents

The Need and Development for Dynamic Integrated GIS …ares.tu.chiba-u.jp/workshop/Chiba-RS2005/Chiba 09 2005... · 2016. 3. 23. · (GeoProMT) Chris S. Renschler and Laercio M. Namikawa