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The National Household Travel Survey
Heather Contrino US Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration, Office of Highway Policy Information
The NHTS Program – Two Components
National Study Serves the department, congress, and administration Resource for State and metropolitan areas (MPOs) and
transportation community 40 years of trend data on U.S. travel behavior Sample size of 25,000 households
Add-On Program Service to States and MPOs since 1990 Allows States and MPOs to purchase additional samples for
their local area Program participation has doubled every survey year
(Sample size of 125,000 households for 2008)
Study Design - New for 2008
Minimum State samples (n=250) Cell Phone only sample Add-On specific questionnaire content New data items for national study
NHTS Program Structure
NHTS Program
National Study
n = 25,000List Assisted RDD
Add-On Program
n = 125,000List Assisted RDD
Some Additional Questions
Cell Only n = 1,250National coverage
2008 Add-On Program Participants
125,000 Add-On Samples
Florida DOT
Georgia DOT
South Carolina DOT
North Carolina DOTPiedmont Region
Virginia DOT
New York State DOT
Indiana DOTOmaha, Nebraska
Cedar Rapids, IAIowa DOT
Maricopa, AZPima, AZ
California DOT
Wisconsin DOT
Tennessee DOT
Texas DOT
South Dakota DOT
Vermont DOT
NHTS Core Data Content Household
Income, composition, location
Person Age, sex, race, ethnicity, worker and student status, citizenship,
education
Geography High level geography – urban, rural, suburban, state and national
analyses
Vehicles Make, model, year, mileage, alternative fuels, commercially licensed
Trips Mode, time of day, purpose, vehicle occupancy, distance, trip length
New 2008 NHTS Content
Congestion Interstate use and tolling Telecommuting – opportunity and frequency Work arrival time and flexibility
Safety Safe Travel to School Travel impacts of disability
Energy and Environment Shopping by Internet and deliveries to the household Hybrid/Alternative fuel vehicles Fuel costs by vehicle type and travel behavior Vehicle age, odometer reading, and annual mileage
Alternative Modes Access (to transit) travel party size Frequency of walk and bike Motorcycle ownership and use
The NHTS obtains information on the public’s use of the transportation system
Passenger Travel82%
Freight14%
Commercial Drivers4%
Highway Statistics, 2001
Highway StatisticsTotal VMT
(000,000s)
2,781,462
Highway StatisticsPassenger Travel
2,282,890
NHTS 2001 VMT 2,281,863
Transportation is a large consumer of oil
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999
Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation
The transportation sector’s use of energy, which is overwhelmingly petroleum, more than tripled from 1949 to 2001. Motor gasoline accounts for about two-thirds of the petroleum consumed in the sector.
Source: Energy Information Administration, 2001 Annual Energy Review, Table 2.1A.
Qu
adr
illio
n B
tu
There has been amazing growth in travel by the American Public
Growth in Travel and Related Issues, 1969 - 2001
-100%
-50%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250% Persons Households Person Trips Person Miles
Vehicle Trips Vehicle Miles Road Miles Annual Fatalities
N0x Emmission C0 VOC
Base: NHTS series since 1969
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
All Men Women
Trips/Person 1995Trips/Person 2001
Base: NHTS data series, travelers 16+
In the last decade, total trips have leveled off…
For the first time in Census history the number of families without children dominate– 2/3 of households are without children
33%
35%
6%
17%
9%Families w /Children
Families w /oChildren
Non-Families >1 person
Single-Person< 65 yrs
Single Person> 65 yrs
Base : Decennial Census 2000, US Census Bureau
Household composition is changing…
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Ann
ual M
iles
in B
illio
ns
Men Women All
The driving population is aging…
Projections show a doubling of VMT by 2040 for drivers aged 65 and over
Base:Census projections and VMT/person from NHTS 2001
Older drivers are more likely to be in a fatal accident…
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
16-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
Num
ber
of A
nnua
l Fat
aliti
es p
er 1
00 m
il. V
MT
Base: NHTS data on driver miles by age and FARS fatalities
What region did they move from?
Northeast
Mid
west
South
Wes
t
Where did they move to?Northeast
Midw
est
South
Wes
t
Source: Current Population Survey, 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement
In addition, the distribution of the U.S. population is changing…
Which changes the distribution of demand…
Top Ten States in Pct Growth of VMT to 2050
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% 120.0%
Virginia
Oregon
Washington
Georgia
North Carolina
Idaho
Utah
Texas
Florida
Arizona
Nevada
Estimated on current VMT/person from NHTS and Census population forecast
2008 NHTS Status
Data collection began in March 2008 Approximately 56,000 households recruited to date
Quality assurance completed on first quarterly cumulative file
A weighted interim data file will be developed using the 6-month cumulative file
Methods research (for next NHTS) and work for reauthorization is ongoing
2008 NHTS Schedule
Data Collection March 2008 thru April 2009 Full year to capture day of week and month of year distribution
Interim Weighted Data File Internal use file available by January 2009 6 months of travel data
Final 2008 Data Full national plus add-ons (n=150,000) Available summer/fall 2009
Future Design Goals
Methods Coverage and Response Rates
Cellular phones and non-contacts
Periodicity Real time reporting environment Continuous study design/annual reporting
Relevant Content Establishing regular, reliable performance measures Maintaining trends while addressing new policy and
planning questions
NHTS Program Goals
Institutionalize the Study Specific program authorization and regular funding cycle
Maintain Add-On Program Regular State and MPO participation – federal, local and community gains
Serve User Community Clear link to policy and planning questions National and State travel indicators On-line Analyses
Annual reporting of Key Measures Modeling and data integration to provide annual estimates Annual/continuous data collection Feed into performance measurement, annual reporting to Congress (C&P),
and other data programs (e.g. FARS)
