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THE NATIONAL ENERGY REGULATORY AUTHORITY (AUTORITATEA
NAȚIONALĂ DE REGLEMENTARE ÎN DOMENIUL ENERGIEI)
Department for Energy Efficiency
REPORT
ON THE PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN THE FULFILMENT OF NATIONAL ENERGY
EFFICIENCY OBJECTIVES
26 APRIL 2018
Str. Constantin Nacu, nr 3, Sector 2, Bucharest, post code: 020995
Tel. +40 213278100 Fax: +40 213124365 E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.anre.ro
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. UPDATES OF THE MAIN LEGISLATIVE AND NON-LEGISLATIVE MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN THE PREVIOUS YEAR (as per Part 1 point b of Annex 11 of Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as subsequently amended and supplemented) 6
A. Primary legislation 6
B. Secondary legislation 6
3. MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE TREND IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION (as per Annex 11 Section 1(a) to Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as subsequently amended and supplemented) 10
4. POSITION HELD BY ROMANIA IN EUROPE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY 19
4.1 Quantitative appraisals and qualitative estimations on energy efficiency in Romania and the possibilities for a prospective decrease in energy consumption should consider the current level of such consumption. 19
4.2 Energy productivity 21
5. MONITORING IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY 27
5.1 Monitoring of economic operators 27
5.2 The monitoring of localities with over 5 000 inhabitants 31
5.3 Monitoring of energy efficient equipment market 33
5.4 Monitoring the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) 34
6. STATEMENT OF ENERGY AUDITS AND ACCESS TO THE SYSTEM OF AUTHORISATION OF ENERGY AUDITORS AND CERTIFICATION OF ENERGY MANAGERS 60
6.1 Certificates of energy managers 60
6.2 Authorisation of energy auditors 65
7. ACHIEVEMENT OF EU TARGETS 80
8. ANALYSIS OF THE TREND IN THE PATTERN OF CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY AT FINAL CONSUMERS 89
9. DEGREE OF ENERGY INDEPENDENCE 90
10. ENERGY POVERTY 91
11. CONCLUSIONS 95
The paper includes 25 tables and 39 figures.
1. INTRODUCTION
On 18 July 2014, the Parliament of Romania adopted Law No 121/2014 on energy
efficiency, as subsequently amended and supplemented, which was published in the Official
Gazette, Part I No 574 of 1 August 2014. The law transposes Directive 2012/27/EU of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency,
amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and
2006/32/EC, as published in the Official Journal of the European Union, series L No 315 of
14 November 2012.
The law provides that the improvement of energy efficiency is a strategic objective of
the national energy policy due to its major contribution to achieving food safety with energy,
sustainable development and competitiveness, to saving primary energy resources and to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The policy measures in the field of energy efficiency are applied throughout the entire
chain: primary resources, production, distribution, supply, transport and final consumption.
An indicative target of reducing energy consumption by 19 % is
set to be achieved by 2020 at national level.
In accordance with Article 3(2)(e) of Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, the
Department for Energy Efficiency from ANRE has the following responsibility:
“to send to the Government, by 30 April each year, as from 2015, for the
purpose of informing the European Commission, a report on the progress
achieved in the fulfilment of the national energy efficiency objectives, which is
prepared in accordance with Annex 11, Part 1”.
The provisions of Annex 11 to the law: The general reporting framework, Part I: The
general framework for annual reporting is set out in Annex 1.
This annual report is the third report prepared in accordance with the law and includes
the information requested in Annex 11, Part I(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) to Law No 121/2014 on
energy efficiency.
It is specified that Article 3(2)(e) and Annex 11 to Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency
transpose into Romanian law the provisions of Article 24(1) and of Annex 14 to Directive
2012/27/EU.
ANRE received information from the European Commission on how to prepare
annual reports. Moreover, meetings were held at European level under the project
“Concerted Action - Energy Efficiency Directive”, in which participate the competent
authorities of the EU Member States. During these meetings, the DG ENER representatives
provided detailed information about the preparation of annual reports. Among other things
were presented the definitions and method of calculation of the specific reporting indicators,
which cannot be found explicitly in the statistical reports of the authorised institutions (INS at
national level, EUROSTAT at European level). Moreover, the significance of indicators
where multiple interpretations were possible was clarified. This report was prepared in
accordance with the information and specifications received.
ANRE is part of the Energy Efficiency Committee in Brussels (the EED Committee)
from DG Energy Unit C3, Energy Efficiency, of the EC, which is mandated to assist the
European Commission by adopting measures implementing Directive 2012/27/EU, and to
support it in its assessment and evaluation activity. This Committee serves as a forum for
information and good practices exchange at EU level for the purpose of preparing working
documents explaining the key provisions of Directive 2012/27/EU.
In the communications sent to the Energy Efficiency Department of ANRE, DG
ENER requested that the annual reports also include other indicators, which are not listed in
Part I, point a of Annex 14, adding the note that this inclusion is voluntary. Account has
been taken of this request insofar as possible.
In order to enable the aggregation of results and comparisons, the representatives of
the European Commission’s DG ENER recommended that all the Member States use the
EUROSTAT database as a source of primary information in order to ensure uniform
reporting.
Under these conditions, primary information from the EUROSTAT database was used
in the preparation of this Report.
2. UPDATES OF THE MAIN LEGISLATIVE AND NON-LEGISLATIVE
MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN THE PREVIOUS YEAR (as per Part 1 point b
of Annex 11 to Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as subsequently amended and
supplemented)
A. Primary legislation
• Government Decision No 129/2017 supplementing Article 8 of Government
Decision No 1215/2009 laying down the criteria and conditions required for the
implementation of the support scheme for promoting high-efficiency cogeneration based
on the useful heat demand. Date: 16 March 2017. Official Gazette No 192/17 March
2017
• Government Emergency Order No 24/2017 amending and supplementing Law
No 220/2008 establishing the system for promoting energy production from renewable
energy sources and amending certain legislative acts. Official Gazette No 224/31/03/2017
B. Secondary legislation
Order No 103/2017 of ANRE amending Order No 95/2014 of the President of ANRE
establishing the Energy Efficiency Department within the National Energy Regulatory
Authority and designating its head. Date: 25.10.2017. Official Gazette No 847/26.10.
2017
Order No 53/2017 of ANRE approving the Regulation authorising legal persons
conducting business involving assembly and operation of cost sharing systems for
heat and hot water for consumption in condominium type buildings. Date: 22.6.2017.
Official Gazette No 546/11.7.2017
Order No 77/2017 of ANRE approving the Regulation on the organisation and
functioning of the green certificate market. Date: 18.8.2017. Official Gazette No
697/29.8.2017. It repealed Order No 60/2015 on 1 September 2017. It was amended
by Order No 127/2017.
Order No 127/2017 of ANRE amending Order No 77/2017 approving the Regulation
on the organisation and functioning of the green certificate market. Date: 22.12.2017.
Official Gazette No 1031/28.12.2017
Order No 79/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the Regulation on the
issuing of green certificates, as approved by Order No 4/2015 of ANRE. Date:
18.8.2017. Official Gazette No 683/23.8.2017
Order No 78/2017 of ANRE approving the methodology for establishing the annual
static quantity of green certificates and the mandatory quotas of green certificates to
be purchased. Date: 18.8.2017. Official Gazette No 686/24.8.2017. It repeals Order
No 41/2016
Order No 110/2017 of ANRE establishing the estimated mandatory quota of green
certificates to be purchased for 2018. Date: 12.12.2017. Official Gazette No 997/15
December 2017
Order No 31/2017 of ANRE amending Order No 145/2014 implementing smart
electricity measurement systems. Date: 25.4.2017. Official Gazette No 305/28.5.2017.
Order No 17/2017 of ANRE amending Order No 145/2014 implementing smart
electricity measurement systems. Date: 24.3.2017. Official Gazette No 216/29.3.2017
Order No 124/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing Order No 28/2014
approving the Framework Contract between the administrator of the support scheme
and the payer of the contribution for the collection of the contribution for high-
efficiency cogeneration, and the Framework Contract between the producer of
electricity and heat in high-efficiency cogeneration and the administrator of the
support scheme for the payment of the bonus/non-granted bonus/regularisation ante-
overcompensation and the return of the undue bonus/overcompensation
Order No 123/2017 of ANRE approving the contribution for high-efficiency
cogeneration and certain provisions on the invoicing thereof. Date: 20.12.2017.
Official Gazette No 1023/22/12/2017. It repeals Order No 119/2013
Order No 105/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the procedure for
endorsing new projects or projects involving the refurbishing of cogeneration plants,
as approved by Order No 115/2013. Date: 14.11.2017. Official Gazette No
933/27.11.2017
Order No 99/2017 of ANRE approving the reference bonus values for the electricity
produced from high-efficiency cogeneration and the reference prices for the heat from
cogeneration, which are applicable in 2018. Date: 20.10.2017. Official Gazette No
853/30.10.2017. It repeals Order No 78/2016
Order No 98/2017 of ANRE approving the reference price values for the heat supplied
under SACET from central heating plants with cogeneration units, which are not
covered by the support scheme for the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration, as
applicable in 2018. Date: 20.10.2017. Official Gazette No 853/30.10.2017. It repeals
Order No 69/2016
Order No 100/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the methodology for the
determination and monitoring of the contribution for high-efficiency cogeneration, as
approved by Order No 117/2013 of ANRE. Date: 20.10.2017. Official Gazette No
848/26.10.2017
Order No 97/2017 of ANRE approving the reference price for the electricity produced
in high-efficiency cogeneration, as applicable in 2018 to producers of electricity and
heat from cogeneration, which are entitled to a bonus. Date: 20.10.2017. Official
Gazette No 848/26.10.2017. It repeals Order No 68/2016.
Order No 95/2017 of ANRE amending the methodology for the determination of
prices in heat supplied under SACET from central heating plants with cogeneration
units, which are not covered by support schemes for the promotion of high-efficiency
cogeneration, as approved by Order No 111/2014. Date: 16.10.2017. Official Gazette
No 822/18.10.2017
Order No 94/2017 of ANRE amending the methodology for the determination and
adjustment of prices in electricity and heat produced and supplied from cogeneration
units, which are covered by the support scheme, and of the bonus for high-efficiency
cogeneration, as approved by Order No 15/2015. Date: 16.10.2017. Official Gazette
No 822/18.10.2017
Order No 86/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the methodology for
determining and monitoring the overcompensation of the activity of production of
electricity and heat from high-efficiency cogeneration, which is entitled to the bonus
type support scheme approved by Order No 84/2013 of ANRE. Date: 26.9.2017.
Official Gazette No 769/28.9.2017
Order No 81/2017 of ANRE amending the Regulation for qualifying the production of
useful electricity and heat in high-efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No
114/2013. Date: 29.8.2017. Official Gazette No 721/6.9.2017
Order No 80/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the Regulation for
determining the method of collection of the contribution for high-efficiency
cogeneration and of payment of the bonus for the electricity produced in high-
efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No 116/2013. Date: 23.8.2017. Official
Gazette No 721/6.9.2017
Order No 52/2017 amending Order No 119/2013 approving the contribution for high-
efficiency cogeneration and certain provisions on the invoicing thereof. Date:
22.6.2017. Official Gazette No 418/26.6.2017.
Order No 51/2017 of ANRE amending Order No 69/2016 of ANRE approving the
reference price values for the heat supplied under SACET from central heating plants
with cogeneration units, which are not covered by support schemes for the promotion
of high-efficiency cogeneration. Date: 22.6.2017. Official Gazette No 481/26.6.2017.
Order No 43/2017 of ANRE amending Order No 78/2016 approving the reference
bonus values for the electricity produced from high-efficiency cogeneration and the
reference prices for the heat from cogeneration, which are applicable in 2017. Date:
13.6.2017. Official Gazette No 461/20.6.2017.
Order No 44/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the methodology for the
determination of prices in heat supplied under SACET from central heating plants
with cogeneration units, which are not covered by support schemes for the promotion
of high-efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No 111/2014 of ANRE. Date:
13.6.2017. Official Gazette No 450/16.6.2017.
Order No 39/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the methodology for the
determination and adjustment of prices in electricity and heat produced and supplied
from cogeneration units, which are covered by the support scheme, and of the bonus
for high-efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No 15/2015. Date: 29 May
2017. Official Gazette No 412/31.5.2017
Decision No 1111/2017 of the Energy Efficiency Department amending and
supplementing Decision No 2794/2014 of the Director of the Energy Efficiency
Department approving the Regulation on the certification of energy managers and of
companies providing energy services, and the Regulation authorising energy auditors
in the relevant industry. Date: 26.7.2017. Official Gazette No 655/09.8.2017
Decision No 860/2017 of the Director of the Energy Efficiency Department approving
the templates for the statement of annual total energy consumption and for the energy
consumer’s energy assessment questionnaire. Date: 13.6.2017. Official Gazette No
514/4.7.2017
Decision No 859/2017 of the President of ANRE approving Decision No 1765/2013
of ANRE approving the templates for the statement of annual total energy
consumption and for the energy consumer’s energy assessment questionnaire. Date:
13.6.2017 Official Gazette No 514/4.7.2017.
Order No 7195 of 19 December 2017 of MDRAPFE amending Annex 1 to Order No
2822/2017 of the Deputy Prime Minister, the Minister for Regional Development,
Public Administration and European Funds approving the National Programme for the
increase of energy efficiency in residential blocks, with funding in 2017
Order No 7067 of 7.12.2017 of MDRAPFE amending Annex 1 to Order No
2822/2017 of the Deputy Prime Minister, the Minister for Regional Development,
Public Administration and European Funds approving the National Programme for the
increase of energy efficiency in residential blocks, with funding in 2017
Order No 6394/2017 of MDRAPFE amending Annex 1 to Order No 2822/2017 of the
Deputy Prime Minister, the Minister for Regional Development, Public
Administration and European Funds approving the National Programme for Energy
Efficiency Increase in Residential Blocks, with funding in 2017
Order No 2822 of 27.4.2017 of MDRAPFE approving the National Programme for
Energy Efficiency Increase in Residential Blocks, with funding in 2017 - Annexes 1
and 2
Order No 857/2017 of the Minister for the Environment amending and supplementing
the Guidelines for funding the Programme for the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions in transport by promoting the infrastructure for clean and energy-efficient
road transport vehicles: reloading stations for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles, as approved by Order No 1559/2016 of the Minister for the
Environment, Waters and Forestry.
Order No 1364/2017 of the Minister for the Environment amending and
supplementing the Guidelines for funding the Programme for the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions in transport by promoting clean and energy-efficient road
transport vehicles, 2017-2019, as approved by Order No 660/2017 of the Deputy
Prime Minister and of the Minister for the Environment.
Order No 660 of 24 April 2017 of the Minister for the Environment approving the
Guidelines for funding the Programme for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
in transport, by promoting clean and energy-efficient transport vehicles , 2017-2019,
as published in Official Gazette of Romania No 293 of 25 April 2017 - UPDATED in
AUGUST 2017.
The Guidelines for funding, which is pending public debate for the Programme for the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in transport by promoting clean and energy-
efficient road transport vehicles, (Rabla Plus Programme) 2017-2019, as approved by
Order No 660/2017 of the Deputy Prime Minister and of the Minister for the
Environment.
Instruction No 233 of 15 May 2017 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration (Administrația Fondului pentru Mediu) on the amount allocated under
the Programme for fostering the renewal of the national vehicle fleet and the
Programme for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in transport by promoting
clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles.
Instruction No 716 of 29 November 2017 amending Instruction No 233/15 May 2017
of the President of the Environmental Fund Administration on the extension of the
period of application under the Programme for fostering the renewal of the national
vehicle fleet and the Programme for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in
transport by promoting clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles.
Instruction No 707 of 21 November 2017 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration amending Instruction No 233/15 May 2017 regarding the amounts
allocated under the Programme for fostering the renewal of the national vehicle fleet
Instruction No 671 of 13 October 2017 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration amending Instruction No 233/15 May 2017 regarding the amounts
allocated under the Programme for fostering the renewal of the national vehicle fleet
Instruction No 648 of 27 September 2017 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration on the extension of the period under the Programme for fostering the
renewal of the national vehicle fleet and the Programme for the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions in transport by promoting clean and energy-efficient road
transport vehicles.
Instruction No 241 of 22 May 2017 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration approving the amendment of the De Minimis Aid Scheme for the
Programme for fostering the renewal of the national vehicle fleet
Instruction No 232 of 12 May 2017 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration on the organisation of the period of application under the Programme
for fostering the renewal of the national vehicle fleet and the Programme for the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in transport by promoting clean and energy-
efficient road transport vehicles.
Instruction No 484 of 27 September 2016 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration regarding the opening of the period under the Programme for the
deployment of renewable energy powered heating systems, including replacing or
upgrading classical heating systems; beneficiaries are administrative-territorial units,
public institutions and religious establishments.
Instruction No 483 of 27 September 2016 of the President of the Environmental Fund
Administration regarding the opening of the period under the Programme for the
deployment of renewable energy powered heating systems, including replacing or
upgrading classical heating systems; beneficiaries are natural persons.
Order No 2425/2016 of 23 December 2016 of the Environmental Fund Administration
(AFM) approving the Guidelines for funding the Programme for the performance of
energy efficiency works; beneficiaries are natural persons.
Order No 2228/2016 of 21 November 2016 of the Environmental Fund
Administration (AFM) approving the Guidelines for funding the Programme for the
performance of energy efficiency works; beneficiaries are legal persons.
3. MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE TREND IN ENERGY
CONSUMPTION (as per Annex 11 Section 1(a) to Law No 121/2014 on energy
efficiency, as subsequently amended and supplemented)
In accordance with Annex 11 Section I to Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency,
as subsequently amended and supplemented, annual reports account for the basis in
following up on the progress achieved in regard to the national targets for 2020. They must
include, as minimum information, an estimate of several indicators (as listed under the law)
for the year preceding the last year ended. This report should thus include information for
2016. It is also provided that, in the sectors where energy consumption is kept stable or
indicates a certain growth level, the underlying causes are reviewed and the assessment is
included with the estimates.
Table 1 shows the values recorded in 2016 for the indicators listed in Annex 11
Section I(a) to the law. In order to enable comparisons and to identify trends, values from the
period 2011-2015 were also listed. The designation of indicators and the order of their
presentation are consistent with the designation and order in Annex 11 Section I(a) to the
law.
Table 1
No Indicator m.u. 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
1 primary energy
consumption
thousand
toe 31 259 31 304 30 637 30 970 33 644 34 830
2
final energy
consumption, of
which:
thousand
toe 22 280 21 892 21 721 21 834 22 801 22 771
2.1 industry thousand
toe 6 318 6 472 6 471 6 310 6 787 7 105
2.2 transport thousand
toe 6 029 5 577 5 473 5 354 5 448 5 349
2.3 households thousand
toe 7 415 7 375 7 401 7 722 8 061 7 860
2.4 services thousand
toe 1 806 1 762 1 768 1 785 1 763 1 774
2.5 agriculture thousand
toe 453 458 421 469 498 434
3 gross added value, of
which:
Million
EUR
2010
135 078 128 658 124 193 120 286 115 534 113 894
3.1 industry
Million
EUR
2010
50 299 47 183 44 526 43 097 41 478 47 253
3.2 services
Millions of
EUR
2010
66 007 63 049 61 320 59 475 58 759 47 891
4 total disposable
income of
households
millions of
EUR
Not
applicabl
e *
117 259 108 418 101 505 73 860 76 615
5
Gross
domestic
product
in prices of
2010
Millions
of EUR
2010
151 054 144 107 138 599 134 462 129 876 128 287
in current
prices
Millions
of EUR 169 771 160 313 150 357 144 253 133 511 132 590
At the
parity of
purchasing
power
millions of
EUR PPP 334 232 322 690 302 405 291 491 287 710 273 507
6
GDP growth rate
compared to the
previous year
% 4.8 4.0 3.1 3.5 1.2 2.0
7
production of
electricity based on
production of heat
thousand
toe 3 280.8 3 460.3 3 317.2 3 322.5 3 788.5 3 945.1
TWh 38.1 40.2 38.5 38.6 44.0 45.8
8
production of
electricity based on
combined
production of
electricity and heat
thousand
toe 778.5 838.7 958.5 1 029.8 1 245.3 1 288
TWh 9.0 9.7 11.1 12.0 14.5 15.0
9
production of heat
based on production
of thermal energy
thousand
toe 1 833.5 1 830.0 1 862.3 2 025.4 2 133.9 2 361.3
10
production of heat
based on combined
electricity and heat
production plants,
including industrial
residual heat
thousand
toe 1 502.5 1 515.1 1 537 1 648.1 1 729.5 1 928.6
11
consumption of fuel
for production of
heat
thousand
toe 10 542.9
11
134.4 10 760 10 943.1 12 798.1 13 677
12 passengers -
kilometres
millions of
passengers
- km
23 740 22 630 23 326 21 510 21 489 20 621
13 tons-kilometres millions of
tons-km 74 863 65 863 59 159 59 209 55 654 52 477
14 population
thousands
of
inhabitants
19 760.3 19
870.6
19
947.3 20 020.0 20 096.0
20
199.0
15
losses in transport
and distribution
networks
thousand
toe 1 073.4 1 077.1 1 068.8 1 116.7 1 335.0 1 363.0
16
heat produced in the
plants supplying
district heating
networks
thousand
toe 330.9 314.9 325.3 377.5 404.4 432.6
17
fuel consumption in
the plants supplying
district heating
networks
thousand
toe 373.5 476.9 504.5 572.7 459.2 611.9
Source: EUROSTAT
*the value is not available on the date of this report (N/A)
In order to provide a more comprehensive picture of the endeavours to increase
energy efficiency at national level and on the results obtained, the values of other energy
indicators at macro-economic level were also calculated (primary energy intensity, final
energy intensity etc.). The values of these indicators are listed in Table 2.
Table 2
No Indicator MU 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
1 Gross internal consumption of
primary energy
thousand
toe 32 402.0 32 429.9 32 157.6 32 427.7 35 373.2 36 558.4
2 Energy
productivity
GDP calculated
in EUR 2010
EUR
2010/kgoe 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.5
GDP calculated
in EUR at the
purchasing power
parity
EUR
PPP/kgoe 10.3 10.0 9.4 9.0 8.1 7.5
3 Primary
energy
intensity
GDP calculated in
EUR 2010
kgoe/EUR
2010 0.214 0.225 0.232 0.241 0.272 0.285
GDP calculated in
EUR kgoe/EUR 0.191 0.202 0.214 0.225 0.265 0.275
GDP calculated in
EUR at the
purchasing power
parity
kgoe/EUR
PPP 0.097 0.100 0.106 0.111 0.123 0.134
4 Final energy
intensity
GDP calculated in
EUR 2010
kgoe/EUR
2010 0.147 0.152 0.157 0.162 0.176 0.177
GDP calculated in
EUR kgoe/EUR 0.131 0.136 0.144 0.151 0.171 0.172
GDP calculated in
EUR at the
purchasing power
parity
kgoe/EUR
PPP 0.066 0.068 0.072 0.075 0.079 0.083
5 Primary energy consumption per
inhabitant toe/capita 1.582 1.575 1.536 1.547 1.674 1.724
6 Final energy consumption per
inhabitant toe/capita 1.127 1.102 1.089 1.091 1.135 1.127
7 Final energy consumption of
households per capita toe/capita 0.375 0.371 0.371 0.386 0.401 0.389
Source: EUROSTAT
The main observations and comments on the values of these indicators are the
following:
The primary energy consumption (row 1 of Table 1) is a fundamental indicator in the
monitoring of progress achieved overall at EU level and by each Member State in their
reaching of targets, as set under Directive 2012/27/EU. This indicator is defined as the
difference between the gross consumption of primary energy and the non-energy
consumption of all the energy carriers (e.g. natural gas used as raw material in the chemical
industry). The values are shown in a graph in Figure 1.
Primary energy consumption dropped by 0.14 % in 2016 compared to
the previous year, considering the GDP increase by 4.8 %. Compared
to 2011, primary energy consumption dropped by 10.3 %, whereas
GDP increased by 17.8 %.
In order to provide a more comprehensive picture of the national trends, row 1 of
Table 2 also presents the trend in gross primary energy consumption, noting that it is used in
the calculation of the “primary energy intensity” indicator. The trend in this indicator is
virtually similar to that of primary energy consumption.
Figure 1
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Evoluția consumului intern brut de energie
primară și a consumului de energie primară
Trend in the gross domestic primary energy
consumption and primary energy
consumption
mii tep thousand toe
consum de energie primară primary energy consumption
consum intern brut de energie primară gross domestic primary energy consumption
Final energy consumption (row 2 of Table 1) increased by 1.8 % in 2016, compared to
the previous year, and the GDP amount was higher by 4.8 %.
The low temperatures in the winter of 2016 led to an increase in energy consumption
for heating, such consumption having a significant share, particularly in households and the
services sector. The ‘heating degree days’ indicator - “The number of degrees-days represents
a characteristic of the climate-micro-climate correlation for constructions, depending on their
specificity and the climate and geographical area where they are located.” (for Romania,
according to Eurostat) was 2 918 in 2016, compared to the previous year, i.e. 2 786.
It is obviously inferred that final energy consumption increased on the background of
an increase in energy efficiency in the final consumption sectors (Figure 2).
Thus:
- Final consumption in the industry dropped by 3.4 %, whereas the gross value
added (GVA) increased by 6.6 %.
- Final consumption in services increased by 2.5 %, but GVA increased by 4.7 %
- Household consumption was higher by (only) 0.4 %;
- Energy consumption in transport increased by 8.1 % due to an increase in the
amount of activities performed; thus, the amount of transported goods increased
by 13.7 % compared the previous year.
Figure 2
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Evoluția consumului final de energie Trend in final energy consumption
mii tep thousand toe
consum final de energie final energy consumption
Gross domestic product (GDP) is expressed in EUR at a first stage, depending on its
value in the national currency and its parity to the euro. Certain corrections are frequently
made and the most common ones are:
- removing the influence of the variation in prices on the domestic market
(calculated in euro) with reference to a certain year chosen as reference year
(2010) with expression of GDP in euro for 2010;
- introducing the influence of the population's purchasing power and using the
purchasing power parity (PPP) between the national currency and EUR, with
expression of GDP in EUR PPP. The GDP values in EUR for 2010, EUR and
EUR PPP (from the EUROSTAT database) are listed in Table 1 and Figure 3.
The same approach was used in Table 2 listing the energy efficiency indicators.
Figure 3
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Produsul intern brut al României în perioada
2011-2016
Gross domestic product of Romania in the
period 2011-2016
Milioane euro 2010 Millions of EUR in 2010
Milioane euro Millions of EUR
Milioane euro PPC Millions of EUR PPP
For developed countries, such corrections, more specifically the choice of a
measurement unit in the calculation of GDP has a relatively low influence on the final result.
For Romania, this choice influences considerably the values of macro-economic energy
efficiency indicators and the qualitative estimations thereof.
Energy productivity is an indicator recently introduced by EUROSTAT in order to
characterise the efficiency in energy use. Its values are listed in the section entitled
“Sustainable Development indicators (NEW) - Goal 7 - Affordable and clean energy”.
Considering the novelty of this indicator, below is given its description by
EUROSTAT:
Short Description: The indicator measures the amount of economic output that is
produced per unit of gross inland energy consumption. The gross inland energy
consumption is the primary energy consumption (PEC) plus energy carriers employed
for non-energy purposes. The economic output is either given as in the unit of Euros in
chain-linked volumes to the reference year 2010 at 2010 exchange rates or in the unit
PPS (Purchasing Power Standard). The former is used to observe the evolution over
time for a specific region while the latter allows comparing Member States in a given
year.
The following are observed:
- By definition, the “Energy productivity” indicator is the reverse of the “Primary
energy intensity” indicator.
It is explicitly noted below that:
- the values calculated in “EUR 2010/kg.ep” are used (only) to examine the trend of
energy productivity in time (more specifically, the efficiency in use at macro-economic
level) for a certain region/country
- for international comparisons on energy productivity in a given year, the values
calculated in “EUR PPP/kg.ep” are used.
The values of this indicator for Romania, which are taken from the EUROSTAT database, are
listed in row 4 of Table 2.
In the analysed period (2011-2016), energy productivity in Romania (in
EUR 2010/kg.oe) increased steadily by 34 %. At EU-28 level, in the
same period, there was a 9 % increase.
Energy productivity at the level of national economy is first of all a macro-economic
parameter. Its values depend both on the technical performances of energy use and
(particularly) on the structure and performances of the national economy. The ongoing
increase and the importance of energy productivity values were enabled by technical
measures of increase in the efficiency of energy use and, to a large extent, by structural
economic measures
The intensity of primary energy (Energy intensity of the economy) is the traditional
indicator used at national and international level to characterise the efficiency in the use of
energy at a macro-economic level. However, EUROSTAT has recently prepared a new list
of sustainable development indicators - “Sustainable Development indicators (NEW) –
including the new “Energy Productivity” indicator referred to above.
The EUROSTAT database (still) contains the archive of the “Sustainable
Development indicators (OLD)” section, which also includes the “Primary Energy Intensity”
indicator. Considering its traditional nature and the fact that specialists and summary and
decision-making bodies are familiar with it, Table 2 also presented the values of this
indicator.
There is a steady and strong decrease in energy intensity, irrespective of the method of
calculation, more specifically the measurement unit used (Figure 4). This tendency
characterises the entire development following 1992.
Figure 4
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Intensitatea energiei primare la nivelul
economiei
Primary energy intensity at economy level
tep/1000 Euro 2010 toe/EUR 1 000 in 2010
tep/1000 Euro toe/EUR 1 000
tep/1000 Euro ppc toe/EUR 1 000 PPP
The value of this indicator depends greatly, for Romania, on the expression of GDP
and affects the comparisons made with the international status quo. Irrespective of the method
of calculation, more specifically the measurement unit used, primary energy intensity has a
steady decreasing tendency.
In the period 2011-2016, primary energy intensity dropped by 24.9 % if calculated in
toe/EUR 1 000 for 2010.
This decrease is higher than the EU mean value. According to EUROSTAT, the
primary energy intensity at EU-28 level, as calculated in toe/EUR 1 000 for 2010, decreased
by 11.5 % in the analysed period.
4. POSITION HELD BY ROMANIA IN EUROPE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
4.1 Quantitative appraisals and qualitative estimations on energy efficiency in
Romania and the possibilities for a prospective decrease in energy consumption
should consider the current level of such consumption.
Romania has the lowest primary energy consumption value per capita in the 28 EU
Member State (1 582 toe/capita in 2016), almost twice lower than the EU-28 average in
the same year (2 997 toe/capita) (Figure 5).
Under these conditions, primary energy consumption per capita still reveals a
decreasing tendency, with 91.7 % in 2016 compared to the value in 2011. Energy
efficiency policies have had a significant contribution to this development.
Figure 5
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Consumul de energie primară pe locuitor în
anul 2016
Primary energy consumption per capita in
2016
tep/locuitor toe/capita
Consum energie primară/locuitor Primary energy consumption/capita
Consum energie primară/locuitor-media
UE28
Primary energy consumption/capita-EU-28
average
Belgia Belgium
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Cehia Czech Republic
Danemarca Denmark
Germania Germany
Estonia Estonia
Irlanda Ireland
Grecia Greece
Spania Spain
Franta France
Croatia Croatia
Italia Italy
Cipru Cyprus
Letonia Latvia
Lituania Lithuania
Luxemburg Luxembourg
Ungaria Hungary
Malta Μalta
Olanda Netherlands
Austria Austria
Polonia Poland
Portugalia Portugal
Romania Romania
Slovenia Slovenia
Slovacia Slovakia
Finlanda Finland
Suedia Sweden
Marea Britanie Great Britain
Without performing an exhaustive review, we will present certain energy
consumption values in the household sector compared to the European status quo. According
to the data in Table 1, the household sector has the highest rate in final energy consumption at
national level (34.5 % in 2011 and 33.2 % in 2016). This leads to the idea that efforts need to
be made in this sector to increase energy efficiency. This idea is however common to all the
EU Member States.
In Romania, energy consumption in the household sector per capita, as recorded in
2016 (0.375 toe/capita), accounted for 71.5 % compared to the EU-28 average. Differences
from Northern countries are normal and are given by the differences in weather conditions.
However, differences have also been recorded in relation to countries with similar
geographical weather conditions or even milder conditions (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia etc.).
Differences grow significantly and they reach limit levels if we are to consider the
electricity consumption in the household sector per capita. Romania has the lowest electricity
consumption per capita in the EU (i.e. 0.0525 toe/capita in 2016), which is 2.6 times lower
than the EU-28 average (i.e. 0.1362/capita).
The fact that, in the past years, a decrease has been recorded in energy consumption at
national level in the household sector as well is the result of the energy efficiency policy and
of the programmes implemented (thermal insulation of residential blocks, labelling of
household appliance receivers etc.).
4.2 Energy productivity
According to the abovementioned EUROSTAT statements, for international comparisons
the value of the indicator expressed in EUR PPP/kgoe is used. The values of this indicator in
2016 for the 28 EU Member States are listed in Figure 6.
In 2016, the “Energy Productivity” indicator had, for Romania, the value of EUR 10.3
PPP/ kgoe, which is higher than the average of the EU-28 (i.e. EUR 9.1 PPP/ kgoe).
Figure 6
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Productivitatea energiei în anul 2016 Energy productivity in 2016
Euro PPC/ kgoe EUR PPP/ kgoe
Productivitatea energiei Euro PPC/ kgoe Energy productivity EUR PPP/ kgoe
Media UE 28 EU-28 average
Belgia Belgium
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Cehia Czech Republic
Danemarca Denmark
Germania Germany
Estonia Estonia
Irlanda Ireland
Grecia Greece
Spania Spain
Franta France
Croatia Croatia
Italia Italy
Cipru Cyprus
Letonia Latvia
Lituania Lithuania
Luxemburg Luxembourg
Ungaria Hungary
Malta Μalta
Olanda Netherlands
Austria Austria
Polonia Poland
Portugalia Portugal
Romania Romania
Slovenia Slovenia
Slovacia Slovakia
Finlanda Finland
Suedia Sweden
Marea Britanie Great Britain
In 2016, the “Energy Productivity” indicator had, for Romania, the value of
EUR 10.3 PPP/kgoe, which is higher than the average of the EU-28 (i.e. EUR
9.1 PPP/kgoe). Romania is ranked sixth in a rank order list of the EU
Member States.
The Department for Energy Efficiency of ANRE has pleaded for several years
(including in the previous Progress Reports) for international comparisons by using macro-
economic energy efficiency indicators calculated with GDP at the purchasing power parity.
This viewpoint was also shared by other prestigious international organisations, among which
the World Energy Council. We consider that the current view of EUROSTAT, which is
materialised in the introduction of the new indicator, and the abovementioned methodological
indications engender a much more accurate reflection of the realities pertaining to each state.
4.3 Primary energy intensity is considered to be the most representative synthetic
indicator of the efficiency in the use of energy at national level.
The value of this indicator depends to a great extent, for Romania, by the method of
calculation and expression of the GDP.
EUROSTAT presents the GDP values in the period 1975-2015 for all the EU
Member States by using a variety of measurement units (current price EUR, 2005 EUR, 2010
EUR, EUR PPP, national currencies etc.)
EUROSTAT also presents the values of gross primary energy consumption in the
same period.
Among the multiple possible variants, EUROSTAT shows the intensity of primary
energy expressed (only) in kgoe/2010 EUR without any indication of the scopes (or
restrictions).
The respective values are shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Kgep/Euro 2010 Kgoe/2010 EUR
Intensitatea energiei primare Primary energy intensity
Intensitatea energiei primare-media UE28 Primary energy intensity - the EU-28 average
Belgia Belgium
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Cehia Czech Republic
Danemarca Denmark
Germania Germany
Estonia Estonia
Irlanda Ireland
Grecia Greece
Spania Spain
Franta France
Croatia Croatia
Italia Italy
Cipru Cyprus
Letonia Latvia
Lituania Lithuania
Luxemburg Luxembourg
Ungaria Hungary
Malta Μalta
Olanda Netherlands
Austria Austria
Polonia Poland
Portugalia Portugal
Romania Romania
Slovenia Slovenia
Slovacia Slovakia
Finlanda Finland
Suedia Sweden
Marea Britanie Great Britain
Please note that for the (new) “Energy Productivity” indicator (the reverse of the
“Primary Energy Intensity”), it is indicated that, for international comparisons, the values
with GDP calculated at PPP are to be used. Such a specification does not exist in the
traditional indicator.
Under these conditions, we opted for international comparisons by using also the
“Primary Energy Intensity” indicator, as calculated in kgoe/2010 EUR.
The primary energy intensity for Romania (0.2145 kgoe/2010 EUR) was 1.81 times
higher than the EU-28 average in 2016 (0.1186 kgoe/EUR 1 000 in 2010). The value of the
respective ratio has a steady decreasing trend and this is unquestionably a positive
phenomenon.
The analysis of the data revealed that the highest energy intensity values (as
calculated in 2016) were recorded in:
Bulgaria (0.4226 kgoe/2010 EUR),
Estonia (0.3459 kgoe/2010 EUR).
They are followed by several countries in our geographical area with energy
intensities similar to that in Romania:
The Czech Republic (0.2390 kgoe/2010 EUR),
Poland (0.2314 kgoe/2010 EUR),
Hungary (0.2314 kgoe/2010 EUR),
Romania (0.2145 kgoe/2010 EUR),
Slovakia (0.2089 kgoe/2010 EUR),
Lithuania (0.2037 kgoe/2010 EUR).
Latvia (0.2029 kgoe/2010 EUR).
Romania pertains thus to the group of former Socialist countries still paying a tribute
to the economic structures inherited from the period of centralised economy. The significant
element in this context is the fact that the primary energy intensity at the economy level is
steadily decreasing, which is a strategic objective pursued at all levels.
The fact that this indicator is (still) higher than the EU-28 average is the result of
calculation hypotheses and the change in these hypotheses may lead to different results.
Based on the primary information provided by EUROSTAT, the team which prepared
the report calculated the primary energy intensity value for Romania and the EU-28 average
by using various measurement units. The results are given in Figure 8.
Figure 8
Source: EUROSTAT
RO EN
Intensitatea energiei primare pentru Romania
si media UE28
Primary energy intensity for Romania and the
EU-28 average
For Romania, the choice of the measurement unit for the calculation of GDP has a
decisive influence on the value of the energy intensity. Thus, primary energy intensity for
Romania, as calculated in kgoe/2010 EUR, is 2.5 times higher than the version according to
which the same indicator is calculated for the same country and for the same year in
kgoe/EUR PPP.
For developed countries, such differences are insignificant and it explains the minor
differences between the EU-28 average values calculated with different measurement units. It
explains that the value of the “Primary Energy Intensity” indicator should be used with
certain caution, particularly in international comparisons. We consider that the indication of
the measurement unit in which this indicator is expressed is an obligation.
Many renowned international organisations (e.g. World Energy Council) and
specialist bodies make various additional corrections to the calculation of primary energy
intensity when they make international comparisons and when they want to outline the actual
progress achieved in regard to energy efficiency.
In the period 2007-2015, the energy intensity of the industry in Romania
decreased by approximately 42 % due to the measures adopted in order to increase energy
efficiency and to the restructuring in the crisis period.
Considering that the energy intensity of the Romanian economy is still a little below
the EU average (for the comparison made in kgoe/EUR PPP), the policies and measures for
energy efficiency increase need to be further implemented in order to ensure sustainable
development.
5. MONITORING IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY
The work of the Directorate for Energy Efficiency Monitoring (DMEE) of the Energy
Efficiency Department (DEE) was focused on four main coordinates:
Monitoring compliance with Law No 121/2014, as subsequently amended and
supplemented, for the main categories of energy consumers:
5.1 Economic operators
5.2 Local authorities
Checking compliance with the provisions of directives and regulations providing for
the market supervision work:
5.3 Monitoring the energy consuming equipment market.
Monitoring energy savings achieved through the implementation of the National
Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP)
5.4 Monitoring the NEEAP
Considering that in 2015 the Integrated Information System software platform (MIS)
of ANRE was extended by the component intended for energy consumer monitoring, in 2017
DMEE continued to carry out the implementation of this platform.
5.1 Monitoring of economic operators
The monitoring activity was performed based on the Annual Statements of Total
Energy Consumption and the Energy Assessment Questionnaires completed by the economic
operators in accordance with Article 9(4) of Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as
subsequently amended and supplemented.
Considering that these operators have the obligation to submit the documents with the
statistical data on energy consumption from the previous year, by 30 April each year, the data
presented in this chapter pertain to 2016, the deadline for completion of this report
overlapping with that by which the Energy Efficiency Department receives the
abovementioned documents. Thus, in 2016, 719 economic operators with large consumption
of 1 1000 toe/year were subject to monitoring, of which:
- final energy consumers with over 50 000 toe/year: 34 (5.16 %)
- final energy consumers between 5 000 and 50 000 toe/year: 188 (28.53%)
- final energy consumers between 1 000 and 5 000 toe/year: 437 (66.31%)
Energy management for 2016 at final energy consumers with annual consumption of
energy resources above 1 000 toe was provided by 443 energy managers attested by ANRE,
19 authorised natural persons (PFA) and 53 companies providing energy services authorised
by ANRE.
The coverage rate of certified and authorised energy management is 96.2 %. This
energy management has the following structure:
- own energy managers certified by ANRE - 375 consumers (56.9 %)
- PFAs and energy services companies - 259 consumers (39.3 %)
- without certified management - 25 consumers (3.8 %).
The monitoring was also based on the analysis of the energy efficiency improvement
programmes, which economic operators must develop in accordance with Article 9(1)(b) of
Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as subsequently amended and supplemented.
Considering that these operators have the obligation to submit this programme with
energy efficiency measures applied in the previous year by 30 September of the year when
they were prepared, in the course of 2017 the monitored economic operators from various
activity segments reported energy savings of 129 398 toe as per the table:
Table 3
CAEN
index Classification as per CAEN code
Number
of
measures
Energy savings
[toe]
A Agriculture, forestry and fishing - 20 40 3 162
B Mining and Quarrying - 13 37 4 053
C Processing industry - 387 1 321 71 184
D Production and supply of electricity and heat, gas,
hot water and air conditioning - 30 (without energy
distributors included in P2)
106 40 881
E Water distribution; sanitation, waste management,
decontamination activities - 29
88 3 286
F Constructions - 20 30 757
G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of
motor vehicles and motorcycles
80 3 024
H Transport by truck (without the transportation sector
included in P11)
22 1 426
I Accommodation and food service activities 14 158
J Information and communication 11 140
K Financial and insurance activities 13 190
L Real estate activities 71 524
M Professional, scientific and technical activities 8 119
N Administrative and support service activities 4 9
O Public administration and defence; compulsory
social security
5 189
P Education 9 277
Q Human health and social work activities - 1 hospital 3 19
TOTAL 1 862 129 398
Source: ANRE
Figure 9 presents the breakdown of energy efficiency measures by field.
Figure 9
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Număr de măsuri Number of measures
The implementation of these measures lead to the energy savings presented in Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Economii de energie Energy savings
The main energy efficiency improvement measures pertaining to the C CAEN branch
of activity were:
Upgrading of compressor plant
Upgrading of dust exhaust system
Insulation of heat transfer fluid pipes
Mounting of induction coils to compensate the power factor
Replacement of refrigeration and vaporising unit
Installation of LED lighting
Mechanical engine with variable torque
Installation of frequency convertors
Thermal insulation of pipes and vessels
Upgrading of the treatment plant for the water supplying steam boilers
Adjustment of burners in central heating plants
Replacement of average frequency rotary convertors with static ones
Recovery of insulation in furnaces
Automation of boilers, insulation of pipes
Recovery of heat contained in burned gases at furnaces
Recovery of heat from refrigeration compressors
Resizing of electrical engines
Monitoring of compressed air
Recovery of hot air from the burning furnace for product drying
Upgrading of burning system in furnaces for avoiding incomplete burning
The work for the implementation of the Integrated Information System software
platform of ANRE (MIS)
In order to facilitate the collection and, particularly, the processing of the reporting
data from energy consumers monitored in the industry, the online reporting procedure was
initiated in 2015 based on the MIS information software of ANRE, which was extended with
a component pertaining to energy efficiency problems.
In 2017, Decision No 860 of 13 June 2017 introduced the obligation of energy
managers to upload the data to the (MIS) Integrated Information System software platform of
ANRE for the collection of accurate data and the automated preparation of the summary
report on the stage of implementation of the energy efficiency programmes by economic
operators.
The work was carried further in 2017 and, by the end of the year, we had reached 738
economic operators to whom reports were issued with a user name and a password.
5.2 The monitoring of localities with over 5 000 inhabitants
In accordance with Article 9(20), (21) and (22) of Chapter IV of Law No 121/2014 on
energy efficiency, the local public administration authorities with a population above 5 000
inhabitants have the following obligations:
“Article 9(20) Local public administration authorities from the localities with
population exceeding 5 000 inhabitants must prepare energy efficiency improvement
programmes including short-term measures and 3-6 year measures in accordance with Article
6(14)(a) and (b).
(21) Local public administration authorities from the localities with a population
exceeding 20 000 inhabitants must:
a) prepare energy efficiency improvement programmes including short-term measures
and 3-6 year measures in accordance with Article 6(14)(a) and (b);
b) appoint an energy manager, who is certified in accordance with the legislation in
force, or conclude an energy management contract with an authorised natural person certified
under the law, or with a legal person acting as provider of energy services certified under the
law.
(22) The energy efficiency improvement programmes referred to in paragraphs 20 and
21(a) shall be prepared in accordance with the template approved by the Energy Efficiency
Department and shall be submitted thereto by 30 September of the year of preparation.”
Based on the abovementioned legal provisions, the Energy Efficiency Department
should have received the Energy Efficiency Improvement Programmes from the local public
administration authorities in the localities with a population exceeding 5 000 inhabitants,
hereafter referred to as “EEIPs”, which are prepared as per the template approved by
Decision No 7/DEE/12.2.2015 of ANRE and published on the ANRE website, hereafter
referred to as “approved template”, by 30 September of the year of preparation, followed by
yearly submission of updated tables, as presented in the approved template.
The situation on 30 December 2017 is the following:
- out of a total number of 671 local public authorities with population exceeding 5
000 inhabitants 22 local public authorities reported EEIPs/information between 1
April and 30 December 2017 (Pitești Municipality, Hunedoara Municipality, Sector
2 Municipality, Botoșani Municipality, Reghin Municipality, Cugir Municipality,
Sighetul Marmației Municipality, Târnăveni Municipality, Cluj Napoca
Municipality, Bacău Municipality, Sibiu Municipality, Craiova Municipality,
Turda Municipality, Copșa Mică Town, Ineu Town, Săliște Town, Onești
Municipality, Piatra Neamț Municipality, Cernavodă City, Brăila Municipality,
Arad Municipality, Timișoara Municipality)
- 25 energy managers were certified for the localities.
Considering the fact that, in spite of all the actions intended to facilitate the
preparation of energy efficiency improvement programmes, which had been conducted
previously, (e.g. presentation and training seminars destined for the local authority
representatives, request/information/clarification letters), the number of the local authorities
with population exceeding 5 000 inhabitants who complied with the legal provisions was very
small (approximately 3 %), and due to the fact that Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as
subsequently amended and supplemented, does not provide for non-compliance sanctions, the
following actions were initiated:
- 87 local public authorities from the localities with population exceeding 20 000
inhabitants were notified in Letter No 82705/5 December 2017 of ANRE with
regard to their obligations under Article 9(21) and (22) of Law No 121/2014 on
energy efficiency, as subsequently amended and supplemented;
- over 570 local public authorities from the localities with population between 5
000 and 20 000 inhabitants were notified in Letter No 2485/12/01/2018 of ANRE
with regard to their obligations under Article 9(20) and (22) of Law No 121/2014
on energy efficiency, as subsequently amended and supplemented;
- the support of the Ministry of Regional Development, Public Administration and
European Funds was requested by Letter No 2484/12 January 2018.
- in regard to the actions performed in 2016 in order to facilitate compliance with the
legal provisions of local public authorities [a seminar organised by ANRE in
collaboration with North Eastern Regional Development Agency (RDA) on 15
March 2016 - Piatra Neamt, a seminar organised by “Arena Constructiilor” on 31
March 2016 - Bucharest, a seminar organised by ESCOROM on 8 April 2016 -
Azuga, a seminar organised by FINACON on 18 October 2016 - Bucharest], on 7
November 2017, ANRE attended the “CONVENTION OF MUNICIPALITIES
FOR CLIMATE AND ENERGY” WORKSHOP - Energy transition and adaptation
to the effects of the climate changes: Local strategies and support policies”
A number of 118 local public authorities responded to Letters Nos 82705/5.12.2017
and 2485/12.1.2018 of ANRE.
The table below shows the situation of EEIPs preparation/submission by TAUs to
DEE, as follows:
Table 4
No Number of
inhabitants/Type of
locality
Number of
localities
Number of
localities which
submitted the
EEIP by 31
March 2017
Number of
localities
which
submitted
the EEIP by
31 March
2018
1 > 20 000 105 23 45
Municipalities 91 23 44
Towns 13 0 1
Communes 1 0 0
2 5 000 – 20 000 566 22 55
Municipalities 19 3 7
Towns 172 11 30
Communes 375 8 18
TOTAL 671 45 100
Source: ANRE
5.3 Monitoring of energy efficient equipment market
In order to check compliance with the provisions of directives and regulations from
the market supervision activity, 37 on-site controls were performed in 2017 and the summary
of results was reported to the Ministry of the Economy for the annual reporting to the
European Commission. Controls were aimed at checking compliance with the energy
labelling regulations for electric domestic appliances, 3 888 energy labels being checked in
this respect.
In order to check compliance with the directives and regulations on market
supervision in the field of ecodesign and energy efficiency labelling, the Energy Efficiency
Department of ANRE cooperates with: the Ministry of Energy - a national contact point
responsible for the implementation of Directive 2009/125/EC on ecodesign, the National
Consumer Protection Authority (Autoritatea Națională pentru Protecția Consumatorilor -
ANPC), the Accreditation Association in Romania (Asociația de Acreditare din România -
RENAR) and the Association of European Producers of Electric Domestic Appliances in
Romania (Asociația Producătorilor Europeni de Electrocasnice din România - CECED
Romania).
At international level, ANRE participates in working groups within the
“Administrative Cooperation Group” (ADCO) for the issue of energy labelling and of
ecodesign:
ADCO -Eco-design – Directive 2009/125/EC (ECOD)
ADCO Energy Labelling – Directive 2010/30/EU and Regulation (EU) 2017/1369
(ENERLAB)
In order to apply the European regulations on energy labelling and ecodesign for
industrial equipment falling within the remit of ANRE, actions were initiated in order to
develop international cooperation and the know-how transfer:
- attending the ADCO meeting of groups of experts in ecodesign - Bucharest - April
2017,
- attending the meetings of the energy labelling and ecodesign group of the Network
of European energy agencies - EnR (videoconferencing),
- attending two meetings of the consortium of the European project INdustrial and
tertiary product Testing and Application of Standards - INTAS).
Given the limited possibilities of ANRE to test equipment for compliance with the
ecodesign directive and related regulations, ANRE participates, in the framework of the
Horizon 2020 Programme, in the European project INTAS (March 2016-February 2019) with
the purpose of ensuring the necessary know-how transfer for the test-based evaluation of
complex and large energy impact products in accredited laboratories (with special reference
for industrial fans and power transformers).
In the period August-October 2017, in the framework of the INTAS European project
for checking compliance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 548/2014 on implementing
Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small,
medium and large power transformers, with a budget of approximately EUR 11 000 from
European funds, 28 160, 250 and 400 KVA transformers were tested in collaboration with
FISE Electrica Serv in the laboratory and on site.
Based on the experience gained with the measurements under the INTAS project, the
following shall be prepared:
a) procedures to support national supervisory authorities on the European market in the
assessment of compliance of large-size and very complex industrial products (transformers
and industrial fans) with Directive 2009/125/EC;
b) procedures to support the representatives of the industry of complex and large-size
industrial equipment in order to become aware of their obligations under the Ecodesign
Directive and to conform, as accepted by the European market surveillance authorities;
c) a joint European procedure for checking compliance of large-size industrial products
with Directive 2009/125/EC.
5.4 Monitoring the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP)
In accordance with Article 8(8) of Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as
subsequently amended and supplemented, the Energy Efficiency Department of ANRE
prepares, by 30 March, an annual follow-up report on the NEEAP implementation based on
the reports received from the institutions involved in the implementation of this law.
Considering that the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP IV) was
submitted to the European Commission in December 2017, we consider that the 2017
achievements took into account the targets included in NEEAP III, the Government Decision
approving the NEEAP IV still pending endorsement at inter-ministerial level.
In this context, ANRE requested from the following institutions the data needed to
prepare the 2017 report: the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration
(Ministerul Dezvoltării Regionale și Administrației Publice - MDRAP), the Ministry of
Education (Ministerul Educației - ME), the Ministry of Transport (Ministerul Transporturilor
- MT) and the Ministry of the Economy (Ministerul Economiei - MEc).
Also, information was requested from the specialised directorates of ANRE with
regard to the energy efficiency increase in electricity networks, the promotion of high-
efficiency cogeneration and smart metering.
In the preparation of this report, data was used from the Follow-up Report on the work
of auditors and energy managers and from the Follow-up Report on final energy consumers,
which are prepared by the Energy Efficiency Department. At the same time, data was
requested from the mayor’s offices from the localities exceeding 20 000 inhabitants on the
energy savings obtained following the application of the measures of thermal rehabilitation of
public buildings, and the improvement of public lighting efficiency.
Based on the statistical data and the reports received on the 2017 actions, the main
fields where significant energy savings have been achieved are:
EE in the industry receiving a State aid under GD No 495 /2014
The authority responsible for the administration of the State support scheme is the Ministry of
the Economy.
The purpose of GD No 495/2014 is to establish a State support scheme with the aim
of exempting from the application of Article 8(2) of Law No 220/2008 establishing the
system for promoting energy production from energy renewable sources, as republished, as
subsequently amended and supplemented, a percentage from the amount of electricity
supplied to intensive electricity industrial consumers in accordance with the relevant
European regulations, more specifically the “Environmental and Energy Aid Guidelines
2014-2020”, which are prepared by the European Commission.
The provisions of the abovementioned government decision are applicable to
undertakings in the sectors exposed to the risk of losing their competitiveness because of the
funding of the support granted for energy from renewable sources, such risk being due to the
electro-intensity of the beneficiary and to exposure to international trade.
The aid will be granted if the undertaking is listed among the sectors in Annex 1. The
state aid is granted on the condition that the beneficiaries of the aid pay at least 15 % of the
number of green certificates pertaining to the mandatory quota, without the reduction granted
under this exempted scheme.
Depending on the electro-intensity of undertakings, the beneficiaries will pay the
following rates in the number of green certificates pertaining to the mandatory quota:
a) 15 % for electro-intensity above 20 %;
b) 40 % for electro-intensity between 10 % and 20 %;
c) 60 % for electro-intensity between 5% and 10 %.
For electro-intensive undertakings set up for less than a year and listed among the
sectors in Annex 1 to the Guidelines, the data estimated for the first year of business is used.
After the first year of business, the Ministry of the Economy checks compliance by the
undertaking with the eligibility criteria set under this scheme and then regulates the financial
aid granted, where applicable. For the second year of business, the data for the first year of
business is used. For the third year of business, the arithmetic mean of the data for the first
two years of business is used. Starting with the fourth year of business, the arithmetic mean of
the three previous years is used.
The validity period of the state support scheme is 10 years.
Following the implementation of this state support scheme in the period 2015-2016,
as a result of implementation by beneficiaries of the energy efficiency measures, the
following savings were achieved:
2015 - 56 130.6 toe
2016 - 104 745 toe
A. ENERGY EFFICIENCY INCREASE IN NETWORKS
Reduction of own technological consumption in electricity distribution networks
ANRE regulated the targets for reduction of OTC rate in the EDN as per the data in
Table 5.
Table 5
Electricity distribution
company
OTC [%]
HV MV LV
target achieve
d
target achieve
d
target achieve
d
E-Distribuție Banat 0.64 0.91 3.57 3.92 14.30 14.41
E-Distribuție Dobrogea 1.71 1.54 4.35 5.54 13.22 15.75
E–Distribuție Muntenia 0.60 0.64 3.44 3.44 15.64 16.50
Delgaz Grid 0.97 1.00 2.81 2.70 16.50 15.75
Distributie energie Oltenia 1.15 1.07 3.98 3.97 18.00 17.09
SDEE Muntenia Nord 0.98 0.93 5.50 5.60 13.80 15.34
SDEE Transilvania Nord 1.00 1.20 4.10 4.40 11.00 10.61
SDEE Transilvania Sud 1.02 1.09 3.95 3.75 15.50 15.50
Source: ANRE
For 2017, the electricity distribution companies reported in EEIP energy savings of 11 095
toe, as per Table 6.
Table 6
Electricity distribution company No of
measures
Energy saving
[toe]
Investment value*
[RON]
1 Distribuție Energie Oltenia 20 1 451 68 001 000
(CEZ)
2 SDEE Muntenia Nord 60 175 37 147 000
3 SDEE Transilvania Nord 14 702 19 250 000
4 SDEE Transilvania Sud 7 364 20 038 000
5 E-Distribuție Banat 10 1 055 15 341 120
6 E-Distribuție Dobrogea 13 496 12 159 450
7 E–Distribuție Muntenia 20 2 128 45 336 350
8 DelGazGrid (E.ON) 11 4,724 191 105 000
TOTAL 155 11 095 408 377 920
Source: ANRE
Compared to 2016, the OTC trend is fluctuating, with increases in some of the
concessionaire distributors and decreases in others, as per Table 7.
Table 7
Electricity distribution company 2016 2017
1 Delgaz Grid 60 180 58 987
2 DEE Muntenia Nord 80 186 77 512
3 SDEE Transilvania Nord 55 038 54 160
4 SDEE Transilvania Sud 66 785 65 989
5 E-Distribuție Banat 49 500 49 895
6 E-Distribuție Dobrogea 48 770 51 336
7 E–Distribuție Muntenia 98 508 97 009
8 Distributie energie Oltenia 85 948 78 934
TOTAL 544 915 533 822
Source: ANRE
The main energy efficiency improvement measures adopted by distribution operators
were:
securing measurement groups
balancing network phase loading
reconfiguring/optimising the LV network
replacing equipment, carrying out refurbishing and upgrading works to reduce OTC
upgrading of PT + LEA 0.4 kV + connections
telemetry at consumers
upgrading the EDN
upgrading the EDN by relocating the PTA
upgrading LEA and LES
switching transformers
SMART METERING
Based on the legal provisions, ANRE issued Order No 145/2014 implementing smart
electricity measurement systems. It defined the SMI functionalities of electricity which are to
be deployed in Romania, and the stages to be completed until the implementation calendar
and the national electricity SMI implementation plan have been established. On 26 February
2016, this order was amended and supplemented by Order No 6/2016.
In 2016, ANRE monitored the pilot projects developed in 2015 and 2016 by the
concessionaire operators of the electricity distribution service and reviewed their results from
the technical and economic viewpoint, following up on and identifying the technical issues
caused by the structure and degree of repowering of distribution networks, and the issues
related to the structure and level of implementation costs and estimated benefits, with the
purpose of establishing the conditions for the large-scale implementation of SMI in Romania.
Table 8 presents the breakdown of pilot projects on the SMI implementation
developed in 2015 and 2016.
Table 8
Distribution
operator
2015 2016 TOTAL
No of
pilot
projects
No of
clients
included in
pilot
projects
Total
value of
SMI pilot
projects
[RON]
No of
pilot
projects
No of
clients
included in
pilot
projects
Total
value of
SMI pilot
projects
[RON]
No of
pilot
projects
No of
clients
included in
pilot
projects
Total
value of
SMI pilot
projects
[RON]
E-Distribuţie Banat 3 10,126 4 083 403 6 31 122 8 305 562 9 41 248
12 388
965
E-Distribuţie
Dobrogea 4 10 227 3 928 854 4 26 565 7 936 769 8 36 792
11 865
623
E-Distribuţie
Muntenia 1 11 016 3 940.472 4 50 539
13 215
654 5 61 555
17 156
126
Distribuţie Energie
Oltenia 2 20 150
15 816
050 0 0 0 2 20 150
15 816
050
DelgazGrid 2 22 622 7 913 352 2 48 721
14 265
570 4 71 343
22 178
922
SDEE Transilvania
Sud 2 23 024
21 167
273 0 0 0 2 23 024
21 167
273
SDEE Transilvania
Nord 2 5 470 3 232 573 2 8 210 2 480 500 4 13 680 5 713 073
SDEE Muntenia
Nord 2 2 139 1 429 431 0 0 0 2 2 139 1 429 431
TOTAL 18 104 774
61 511
408 18 165 157
46 204
055 36 269 931
107 715
463
Source: ANRE
Under the pilot projects, approximately 270 000 consumers were integrated in SMI,
of all the eight concession areas of the electricity distribution service and tests were made on
several technical solutions implemented in urban and rural areas, with various densities of
electricity consumption in the recently upgraded low voltage electricity networks and in the
electrical networks not upgraded.
Based on the conclusions in the assessment reports on the pilot project results, which
are prepared during the two years (2015 and 2016), ANRE had to approve by 31 March 2017,
under a presidential order, the national SMI implementation calendar with calendar data on
the implementation stages, and the national SMI implementation plan on the investment
works pertaining to each concessionaire distribution operator, their value and the funding
sources, and measures for the information of final clients. The abovementioned deadline was
proposed for extension under the Draft amending Order No 145/2014 of the President of
ANRE, as subsequently amended and supplemented, subject to public consultation on 6
March 2017 in order to have an acceptable period available for public debates. Considering
the obligations of ANRE under Article 66 of Law No 123/2012 on electricity and natural gas,
as subsequently amended and supplemented, and the results of the analyses conducted in
2015, 2016 and 2017 based on the follow-up on the pilot projects developed, the draft Order
of ANRE on the preparation and approval of the plan and national calendar for the
implementation of the smart electricity measurement systems was prepared. This document
was approved by Order No 17/2017.
Considering that the verification, validation and processing of submitted data, and the
assessment of results, which underlie the decision-making process regarding the SMI
implementation conditions, required a longer time than initially estimated, it was considered
that the duration of the communication of the provisions of this order cannot lead to a delay
in the issue of the ANRE order by more than one month, namely April 2017.
On 10 March 2017, the draft order on the national implementation of the smart
electricity measurement systems and the establishment of the implementation calendar was
submitted for public consultation for a period of 30 days.
In the period 28 March-7 April, work sessions were held with concessionaire
distribution operators to debate the provisions in the draft order. They gave rise to a series of
topics on which opinions could not be harmonised and, considering their technical, economic
and administrative complexity and implications, a sound justification of an approach decision
could not be established. Considering the arguments brought forth by operators as regards the
relevant international practice, they were requested to provide relevant data to ANRE from
the experience of countries where the multinational companies they work for conduct their
business. In order to provide the opportunity for sound justification of the views expressed
and to collect international experience as well, a proposal is made to extend the deadline for
the issue of the order approving the framework conditions for the national implementation of
the smart electricity measurement systems and the establishment of the implementation
calendar by 30 June 2017. The document was approved by Order No 31/2017.
Considering the particularities of each distribution operator regarding the method of
approach to the same provisions in the draft order, ANRE decided to hold meetings in the
period 3-6 April with each distribution operator, and a second joint meeting was planned for 7
April.
A number of 169 specific observations/proposals and 38 general observations were
submitted to ANRE, from concessionaire distribution operators and from 6 producers of SMI
equipment.
A number of 36 proposals to amend provisions were accepted and a series of
provisions were recast. Consequently, the draft Order on the implementation of smart
electricity measurement systems at national level and the establishment of the implementation
calendar - second stage was submitted for public consultation for a period of 10 calendar
days.
On 19 December 2017, ANRE submitted for public consultation the draft amending
Order No 145/2014, such amendment being necessary for supplementing the order with
provisions on the possibility of concessionaire electricity distribution operators to perform
investments in smart measurement systems in 2018.
The implementation period proposed in the draft order cannot be consistent with the
deadline referred to in Article 66 of Law No 123/2012, since the implementation of the smart
electricity measurement systems within this deadline is not financially and logistically
sustainable, more specifically, impossible to be achieved by distribution operators. Under
these conditions, the process of approval of the draft Order on the implementation of smart
electricity measurement systems at national level and the establishment of the implementation
calendar was stopped and the legal deadline needed to be revised.
Order No 145/2014 of ANRE, as subsequently amended and supplemented, includes
provisions on investments in smart electricity measurement systems developed by
concessionaire electricity distribution operators only until 2017. In order to ensure the
continuity of the actions required for the implementation of smart electricity measurement
systems, until the approval of rules approving the implementation calendar and the plans for
implementation of smart electricity measurement systems at national level, the deadline for
the enforcement of Order No 145/2014 of ANRE needs to be extended and it must be
supplemented with provisions on the possibility of concessionaire electricity distribution
operators to perform investments in 2018 in smart measurement systems, under certain
specific conditions on the approval and inclusion thereof in the regulated tariffs.
In regard to the savings achieved after the SMI implementation, the reports submitted
by distribution operators (DO) revealed:
OTC before the implementation of SMI - 104 497 MWh, representing 10.52 % in the
electricity consumption achieved by SMI integrated consumers
OTC after the implementation of SMI - 97 415 MWh, representing 9.81 % in the
electricity consumption achieved by SMI integrated consumers
Therefore, by reducing OTC, savings of 7 082 MWh (609 toe) were recorded and the
reference year was 2015.
B. PROMOTION OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY COGENERATION
In 2017, a series of specific regulations were issued for the development of the
programme for promoting high-efficiency cogeneration, as follows:
Order No 39/2017 of the President of ANRE amending and supplementing the
Methodology for the determination and adjustment of prices in electricity and heat
produced and supplied from cogeneration units, which are covered by the support
scheme, and of the bonus for high-efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No
15/2015 of the President of ANRE;
Order No 43/2017 of the President of ANRE amending Order No 78/2016 of the
President of the National Energy Regulatory Authority approving the reference bonus
values for the electricity produced from high-efficiency cogeneration and the
reference prices for the heat from cogeneration, which are applicable in 2017;
Order No 52/2017 of the President of ANRE amending Order No 119/2013 of the
President of the National Energy Regulatory Authority approving the contribution for
high-efficiency cogeneration and certain provisions on the invoicing thereof;
Order No 37/2017 of the President of ANRE amending the calculation methodology
for determining the amounts of electricity produced in high-efficiency cogeneration
for certification through guarantees of origin, as approved by Order No 61/2015 of the
President of the National Energy Regulatory Authority;
Order No 80/2017 of the President of ANRE amending and supplementing the
Regulation for determining the method of collection of the contribution for high-
efficiency cogeneration and of payment of the bonus for the electricity produced in
high-efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No 116/2013 of the President of
the National Energy Regulatory Authority;
Order No 81/2017 of the President of ANRE amending the Regulation for qualifying
the production of electricity in high-efficiency cogeneration, as well as for verifying
and following up on consumption of fuel and on useful electricity and heat production
in high-efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No 114/2013 of the President
of the National Energy Regulatory Authority;
Order No 86/2017 of the President of ANRE amending and supplementing the
Methodology for determining and monitoring the overcompensation of the activity of
production of electricity and heat from high-efficiency cogeneration, which is entitled
to the bonus type support scheme approved by Order No 84/2013 of the President of
the National Energy Regulatory Authority;
Order No 94/2017 of the President of ANRE amending the Methodology for the
determination and adjustment of prices in electricity and heat produced and supplied
from cogeneration units, which are covered by the support scheme, and of the bonus
for high-efficiency cogeneration, as approved by Order No 15/2015 of the President
of the National Energy Regulatory Authority;
Order No 97/2017 of the President of ANRE approving the reference price for the
electricity produced in high-efficiency cogeneration, as applicable in 2018 to
producers of electricity and heat from cogeneration, which are entitled to a bonus;
Order No 99/2017 of the President of ANRE approving the reference bonus values for
the electricity produced from high-efficiency cogeneration and the reference prices for
the heat from cogeneration, which are applicable in 2018;
Order No 100/2017 of the President of ANRE amending and supplementing the
Methodology for determination and monitoring of the contribution for high-efficiency
cogeneration, as approved by Order No 117/2013 of the President of the National
Energy Regulatory Authority;
Order No 105/2017 of the President of ANRE amending and supplementing the
Procedure for endorsing new projects or projects involving the refurbishing of
cogeneration plants, as approved by Order No 115/2013 of the President of the
National Energy Regulatory Authority;
Order No 123/2017 of the President of ANRE approving the contribution for high-
efficiency cogeneration and certain provisions on the invoicing thereof.
Order No 124/2017 of the President of ANRE amending and supplementing Order No
28/2014 of the President of the National Energy Regulatory Authority approving the
Framework Contract between the administrator of the support scheme and the payer
of the contribution for the collection of the contribution for high-efficiency
cogeneration, and the Framework Contract between the producer of electricity and
heat in high-efficiency cogeneration and the administrator of the support scheme for
the payment of the bonus/non-granted bonus/regularisation ante-overcompensation
and the return of the undue bonus/overcompensation.
The values of the primary energy savings in high-efficiency cogeneration with
reference to separate production of electricity and heat, as achieved in 2017 by producers
accessing the cogeneration support scheme, are listed in Table 9.
Table 9
MU 1st quarter
2017
2nd quarter
2017
3rd quarter
2017
4th quarter
2017
Total
2017*
GWh 1181 440 285 989 2 895
toe 101 566 37 840 24 510 85 054 248 970
Source: ANRE
* The regulated value after the annual qualification calculation is found in Table 10
The support scheme for the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration was
established in Romania under Government Decision No 219/2007 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on useful heat, as subsequently amended and supplemented (national
transposition of Directive 2004/8/EC on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat
demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC which, as of 5 June
2014, was replaced by Directive 2012/27/EU), and implemented by Government Decision No
1215/2009 establishing the criteria and conditions required for the implementation of the
support scheme for the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration based on the useful heat
demand, as subsequently amended and supplemented.
By Government Decision No 925/2016 amending and supplementing Government
Decision No 1215/2009 and Government Decision No 129/2017 supplementing Article 8 of
Government Decision No 1215/2009, the legal framework for applying and implementing the
support scheme for the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration based on the useful heat
demand is supplemented with a view to achieving consistency with the specific provisions of
the Guidelines on State aid for environmental protection and energy 2014-2020 (EEAG) and
Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 laying down detailed rules for the application of Article
108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. In this respect, the bonus type
scheme included micro-cogeneration unit plants and/or low power cogeneration units
totalling an installed electricity capacity of less than 1 MW.
In accordance with Government Decision No 925/2016, the support scheme is applied
only to producers of electricity and heat from cogeneration requesting from ANRE to grant
such support for the electricity produced from high-efficiency cogeneration for the
cogeneration capacities included on the List referred to in Article 9(4) of Government
Decision No 1215/2009, as subsequently amended and supplemented, by 31 December 2016,
and for new cogeneration facilities replacing, before 31 December 2016, existing
cogeneration facilities having received the bonus for the high-efficiency electricity within the
limit of the installed electricity capacity included on 31 December 2016 on the List referred
to in Article 9(4) for every producer acting as a beneficiary of the support scheme. The bonus
scheme accounts for a State aid (N 437/2009 - Romania), being authorised by the European
Commission as compatible with the common market, in accordance with Article 87(3)(c) of
the EC Treaty, under Decision C(2009)7085, as amended by Decision C(2016)7522 final.
The authorisation was communicated by publication in the Official Journal of the European
Union C31/9.2.2010. The bonus type support scheme entered into force effectively on 1 April
2011.
The main regulatory action lines in the promotion of electricity produced in high-
efficiency cogeneration for 2017 were:
a) the preparation of rules to enable the application of the bonus type scheme established
under Government Decision No 219/2007 promoting cogeneration based on the useful heat
demand and implemented by Government Decision No 1215/2009 establishing the criteria
and conditions required for the implementation of the support scheme for the promotion of
high-efficiency cogeneration based on the useful heat demand, and the follow-up on the
application thereof;
b) the preparation of rules as a result of the fact that, under Government Emergency
Order No 64/2016, Law No 123/2012 on electricity and natural gas was amended and
supplemented in the sense that the natural gas purchase price was liberalised, and that
Government Decision No 1215/2009 was amended and supplemented;
c) the issue of decisions amending/supplementing the List of capacities producing
electricity and heat in cogeneration, with final accreditation;
d) the issue of monthly/annual decisions approving the amounts of electricity produced
in high-efficiency cogeneration entitled to a bonus;
e) the issue of decisions for overcompensating the production of electricity and heat in
high-efficiency cogeneration for the evaluation period 1 January 2016-31 December 2016;
f) the issue of decisions approving the bonus for electricity and the regulated prices for
the electricity and heat produced in high-efficiency cogeneration for the second semester of
2017 for producers using natural gas, as a result of the liberalisation of the price in natural
gas;
g) the issue of annual decisions approving the bonus for electricity and the regulated
prices for the electricity and heat produced in high-efficiency cogeneration and the
performance of the ante-overcompensation analysis, which is a preliminary analysis of the
overcompensation for the evaluation period 1 January-31 December 2018;
h) the issue of opinions for approving the formulas for determining/adjusting the price
for the heat produced and supplied from cogeneration units where operators and the local
public administration have chosen to determine the heat price on the basis of formulas, and
the issue of opinions for approving the regulated prices for heat in cogeneration determined
on the basis of these formulas;
i) the issue of opinions for the preliminary/final accreditation of new projects or of
projects for repowering cogeneration units;
j) the performance of analyses for adjusting the contribution for the second semester of
2017 and the determination of the value of the contribution for cogeneration as of 1 January
2018.
For the 32 producers concerned, the total amount of electricity produced in high-
efficiency cogeneration entitled to a bonus for the period January-December 2017 was 4.858
TWh before the regulation of March 2018 and 5.039 TWh after the regulation in March 2018,
with a 1.06 % increase compared to the value pertaining to 2016.
Figure 11
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Cantitatea de energie electrica care a
beneficiat de bonus pentru cogenerare de
inalta eficienta in perioada 01.04.2011 –
31.12.2017
The amount of electricity entitled to a bonus
for high-efficiency cogeneration in the period
1 April 2011-31 December 2017
Following the analysis on the overcompensation of the production of electricity and
heat in high-efficiency cogeneration for the evaluation period 1 January 2016-31 December
2016, it was noted that, following the application of the support scheme for the indicated
period for 44 units producing electricity and heat in cogeneration (operated by 37 producers),
the overcompensation of the production of electricity and heat in cogeneration was recorded
in 15 plants (12 producers) in a total amount of RON 139 913 507. No cases of regulation of
ante-overcompensation were recorded for the period 1 January 2016-31 December 2016.
The value of the contribution for the second semester of 2017 was revised following
the evaluation of June 2017 on the accrued costs and revenues under the support scheme, and
the forecast costs for the second semester of 2017, being RON 12.31/MWh, without VAT, as
approved by Order No 52/2017 of ANRE. A decisive factor in the reduction of the
contribution from the determined value of RON 13.01/MWh, without VAT, as approved by
Order No 117/2016 of ANRE, was the consideration of the quantum of the overcompensation
for the evaluation period 1 January 2016-31 December 2016.
The provisions of Order No 123/2017 of ANRE are effective as of 1 January 2018 and
the value of the contribution for cogeneration is RON 11.94/MWh, without VAT.
Figure 12
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Evolutia contributiei pentru cogenerare in perioada 01 aprilie 2011-
01 ianuarie 2018
Trend in the contribution for cogeneration in the period 1 April
2011-1 January 2018
The data related to the monitoring of the support scheme for cogeneration for 2011, 2012,
2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 is set out in Table 10.
Table 10 - Results of the application of the support scheme for 2011-2017
Indicator MU 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Total value of the contribution
invoiced to consumers and exporter
suppliers 1)
thousand
RON
690
931
928
877 1 072 840
770
626
757
447
708
194
624
519
The amount of electricity invoiced
to final consumers (including that
consumed by suppliers and
producers under own supply/own
consumption) to which the
cogeneration contribution was
applied
GWh 32 639 46 450 44 930 45 457 46 476 47 103 48 669
The amount of exported electricity
to which the cogeneration
contribution was applied
GWh 1 465 1 108 1 959 3 310
1)
0 1)
0 1)
0 1)
Amount of electricity produced in
high-efficiency cogeneration, for
which the support scheme was
granted
GWh 3 491 6 008 5 654 5 102 4 717 4 739 5 039
The total value of the bonuses due
to the producers in cogeneration
entitled to the bonus type scheme
thousand
RON
594
473
978
098 1 098 112
927
234
896
796
887
761
842
872
The amount of imported electricity
with guarantees of origin for
production of electricity in high-
efficiency cogeneration, for which
the return of the contribution was
requested
GWh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fuel saving achieved in high-
efficiency cogeneration processes
benefitting from the bonus in
accordance with the qualifying
regulation
GWh 2 131 3 498 3 430 3 016 2 623 2 751 2 864
Source: ANRE
1) In accordance with Government Decision No 494/2014 amending GD No 1215/2009
establishing the criteria and the conditions required for the implementation of the support
scheme for the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration based on the heat demand, it is
provided that suppliers supplying electricity for export are exempted from the payment of the
contribution for high-efficiency cogeneration, more specifically of the single monthly paid
tariff expressed in RON/kWh.
The single bonuses for the electricity produced in high-efficiency cogeneration in 2017 (for
the 7th year of entitlement) with the value of:
- RON 188.70/MWh for the units using predominantly natural gas from the
transport network;
- RON 200.18/MWh for the units using predominantly natural gas from the
distribution network;
- RON 160.93/MWh for units using predominantly solid fuel, were approved by
Order No 78/2016 of the President of ANRE and were applied in the 1st semester
of 2017.
The reference bonuses in the 2nd semester of 2017 (for the 7th year of entitlement)
were:
- RON 158.98/MWh for the units using predominantly natural gas from the
transport network;
- RON 177.79/MWh for the units using predominantly natural gas from the
distribution network;
- RON 160.93/MWh for units using predominantly solid fuel,
were approved by Order No 43/2017 of the President of ANRE, which amended Order No
78/2016 of the President of ANRE, and applied in the 2nd semester of 2017.
In 2017, two producers accessed the scheme for cogeneration units under 1 MW, namely:
- S.C. Colonia Cluj-Napoca Energie S.R.L, for CT3 and CT8 (the producer had already
accessed the bonus type support scheme for CTZ Someș Nord, a plant with an installed
capacity above 1 MW)
- the company R.A.G.C.L. Paşcani, for the plant CT5/Pașcani.
Based on the operation data for 2016, which is submitted by the producers from
cogeneration in 2017, the following were assessed in accordance with Article 13(3) of GD No
219/2007 on the promotion of cogeneration based on the useful heat demand, as subsequently
amended and supplemented:
outputs of electricity and heat from cogeneration based on the calculation method
referred to in Annex II to Directive 2004/8/EC (currently replaced by Annex I -
D2012/27/EU) - (Table 11);
cogeneration (electricity/heat) capacities (Table 12);
quantities of fuel used for heat and electricity production from cogeneration (Table
13);
quantities of electricity produced in high-efficiency cogeneration and primary energy
savings obtained through the use of high-efficiency cogeneration, established as per
Annex III to Directive 2004/8/EC (currently replaced by Annex II - D2012/27/EU) -
(Table 14):
Table 11 - National production of electricity and heat from cogeneration
Year
Total
electricity
produced in
cogeneration
units
Electricity produced
from cogeneration
(Annex II -
D2004/8/EC, replaced
by Annex I -
D2012/27/EU)
Electricity
produced from
cogeneration in
the national
total
production
Useful heat produced in
cogeneration units (Annex
II - D2004/8/EC, replaced
by Annex I - D2012/27/EU)
Total of which
Autoproducers Total
of which
Autoproducers
TWh TWh % % Legal
persons
%
2007 14.23 6.62 14.65 10.7 73.2 15.85
2008 14.06 6.21 15.62 9.6 71.5 18.04
2009 12.33 6.26 13.74 10.8 66.3 17.50
2010 11.93 6.54 17.74 10.8 69.0 22.46
2011 13.47 7.28 17.45 11.9 71.9 23.50
2012 12.54 6.72 16.07 11.4 66.1 22.37
2013 11.1 6.6 18.78 11.3 57.9 21.99
2014 10.7 6.1 19.38 9.4 55.4 21.86
2015 9.2 5.6 16.07 8.5 51.0 18.43
2016 8.90 5.29 10.78 8.2 45.9 13.07
Source: ANRE
Table 12 - Cogeneration heat and electricity capacities in Romania in 2016
Cogeneration technology
Maximum capacity
Electricity Heat
Gross Net
MW MW
Gas turbines in combined cycle, with heat recovery 225 228
Gas turbines with heat recovery 173 250
Internal combustion engines 188 169
Steam backpressure turbines 715 2 981
Steam condensing turbines with cogeneration sockets 2 840 5 297
Other cogeneration technologies 2 10
TOTAL 4 143 8 934
Source: ANRE
Table 13 - Quantities of fuel used for heat and electricity production from cogeneration
Year Total fuel
used by
cogeneration
Fuel used for
cogeneration
of which:
Solid fossil Fuel Natural Renewable
sources and Other fuels
units
(Annex II -
D2004/8/EC,
replaced by
Annex I -
D2012/27/EU)
fuel oil gas waste
Legal
persons
Legal persons % % % % %
2007 221.4 122.8 38.2 8.3 52.8 0.0 0.7
2008 216.8 118.1 39.5 6.3 52.8 0.0 1.4
2009 188.6 112.4 39.8 6.9 49.7 0.5 3.1
2010 186.1 117.3 38.6 3.8 50.8 1.9 4.9
2011 200.3 124.3 38.2 3.5 52.4 2.0 3.9
2012 188.5 114.5 38.4 3.3 53.7 2.0 2.7
2013 159.7 103.6 37.4 0.6 54.6 3.6 3.8
2014 154.1 97.7 36.0 0.5 54.4 5.4 3.7
2015 135.0 90.3 34.9 0.8 54.8 6.4 3.1
2016 128.0 82.2 28.5 1.4 59.8 6.4 3.9
Source: ANRE
Table 14 - Production of electricity in high-efficiency cogeneration and primary energy
savings from the use of high-efficiency cogeneration
Year
Electricity produced
from high-efficiency
cogeneration
(Annex III -
D2004/8/EC,
replaced by Annex
II - D2012/27/EU)
Fuel consumption in
high-efficiency
cogeneration
(Annex III -
D2004/8/EC,
replaced by Annex
II - D2012/27/EU)
PES in absolute
value (Annex III -
D2004/8/EC,
replaced by Annex
II - D2012/27/EU)
PES (Annex III -
D2004/8/EC,
replaced by Annex
II - D2012/27/EU)
TWh Legal persons Legal persons %
2007 4.4 67.9 10.5 13.4
2008 3.7 62.4 9.2 12.8
2009 3.5 49.6 8.2 14.2
2010 3.3 47.5 8.0 14.5
2011 3.4 43.3 8.3 16.0
2012 3.0 36.7 7.2 16.4
2013 4.4 56.9 10.5 15.5
2014 3.3 39.7 8.7 18.0
2015 2.9 34.4 7.7 18.3
2016 2.9 35.1 8.3 19.1
Source: ANRE
PES - primary energy savings compared to separate production of energy (Primary Energy
Savings)
In 2017, 10 decisions were issued on the qualification of amounts of electricity produced
from high-efficiency cogeneration from renewable energy sources, which are entitled to
additional green certificates in accordance with Article 6(4) of Law No 220/2008 establishing
the system for promoting the production of energy from renewable sources, as republished, as
subsequently amended and supplemented.
E . ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Deployment of the National Programme for Improvement of Energy Performance in
Residential Blocks
The purpose of the National Programme for Improvement of Energy Performance in
Residential Blocks, in accordance with Government Emergency Order No 18/2009, as
subsequently amended and supplemented, and with Joint Order No 163/2009 of the Ministry
of Regional Development and Public Administration (MDRL), No 540/2009 of the Ministry
of Public Finance (MFP) and No 23/2009 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MAI) approving
the Detailed Regulations implementing GEO No 18/2009, as subsequently amended and
supplemented, is:
- to increase energy performance in residential blocks built as per projects prepared
until December 2005 by reducing energy consumption in heating, so that the
annual specific energy consumption calculated for the heating of households falls
below 100 kWh/m2 of useful area;
- to ensure and maintain heat indoors;
- to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to introduce, where applicable,
alternative energy production sources;
- to improve the urban aspect of localities.
The statement on the completion of works in residential blocks included in the
abovementioned national programme is set out in Table 15 and Figures 13 and 14.
Table 15
Period No of completed
blocks
No of completed
flats
2009 291 8 984
2010 502 22 390
2011 521 18 878
2012 61 2 285
2013 75 2 184
2014 68 3 534
2015 36 953
2016 103 3 351
2017 33 1 246
TOTAL 1 690 63 805
Source: MDRAP
Figure 13 Figure 14
Source: MDRAP Source: MDRAP
RO EN
Evoluția numărului de blocuri finalizate Trend in the number of completed blocks
Evoluția numărului de apartamente finalizate Trend in the number of completed flats
In order to reach the aim of the Programme, the following are funded:
a) thermal rehabilitation works to the envelope: thermal insulation of outer walls of the
block, replacement of the existing outer joinery, including that pertaining to the entrance to
the residential block, thermal insulation of the terrace, thermal insulation of the floor above
the last level where the lattice mast exists, enclosure of balconies and/or loggias with
thermally insulating joinery, including thermal insulation of bulwarks, the thermal insulation
of the floor over the underground.
b) works of thermal rehabilitation to the heating system: repairing/recovery of the
distribution installation between the connection point and the floor over the underground/heat
channel, including its thermal insulation, mounting of thermostatic valves to radiators,
repairing/replacement of boiler and/or burner from the central heating plant of the
block/block section;
c) rehabilitation and upgrading of the heat transfer fluid distribution plant - heating and
hot water for consumption, the common part of the residential block, including mounting of
thermostatic valves in radiators and the insulation of underground pipes/heat duct in order to
reduce heat and mass losses and to increase energy efficiency;
d) works of thermal rehabilitation of the system supplying hot water for consumption;
e) where applicable, the installation of alternative systems for production of energy from
renewable sources - heat solar panels, electricity solar panels, heat pumps and/or biomass
central heating plants, including their purchase.
Depending on the results of the technical expertise and the energy audit conducted on
the block, these works may be supplemented with: repairing of construction elements in the
facade, where there is the danger of falling off and/or affecting the functionality of the
residential block, repairing of the terrace/lattice mast type roof, including the repairing of the
rainfall collector drains from terrace/lattice mast envelope, dismantling of installations and
equipment mounted visibly on the facades/terrace of the residential block, and their
remounting after the intervention works, recovery of interior finishes in the areas of
intervention, repairing/recovery of ventilation channels in flats in order to maintain/achieve
natural ventilation of occupied spaces, development performance of works for reconnecting
the residential block to the centralised heat production and supply system, the individual
energy consumption measurement equipment for heating and for hot water for consumption,
the repairing of protection sidewalks in order to remove infiltrations at the infrastructure of
the residential block, repairing/replacement of the cold water distribution installation and/or
of sewage and/or rainfall collectors in the underground of the residential block up to the
connecting manhole and replacement of the fluorescent and incandescent filament lighting
fixtures in common areas with high energy efficient lighting fixtures and increase lifetime.
For the residential blocks completed in 2017, savings of 9 929 791.64 kWh/year were
recorded (854 toe/year)
The energy savings, as calculated for the period 2011-2017 in residential buildings
included in the National Programme, are presented in Table 16.
Table 16
Calculated energy savings
[kWh/year] [thousand toe/year]
572 859 052 49.26
Source: MDRAP
F. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC
SERVICES
Thermal rehabilitation in buildings held and occupied by the central public
administration
In order to apply Article 5(1) of Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, the
inventory of the buildings with areas above 250 square meters was prepared, including
relevant energy data about them, as referred to in Order No 3466/2013 of MDRAP, published
in Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No 778/2013 and Order No 263/2015 of MDRAP,
published in Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No 490/2015.
In order to achieve the 3 % annual renovation rate in this category of buildings, as
calculated with relation to the total useful area of the heated and/or cooled buildings,
which are held and occupied by the central public administration, the following
actions were carried out:
a) The following actions were initiated/completed for 185 buildings, as applicable:
the technical expertise on the resistance structure of buildings;
the preparation of the energy audit, including the preparation and the posting of the
energy performance certificate for inventoried buildings;
the preparation of the energy efficiency plan, with specific objectives and actions on
major renovation/thermal rehabilitation of inventoried buildings and the estimated
energy saving;
b) energy performance increase works were carried out in 162 buildings, consisting in:
replacing the existing exterior joinery with energy efficient joinery;
performing the partial thermal insulation of certain envelope elements of the building;
replacing the incandescent/fluorescent filament lighting fixtures with economic and
highly efficient lighting fixtures;
performing maintenance/repair works to the interior heating installations, including
replacing the central heating plant with high performance units.
c) Complex energy performance increase works were carried out in 50 buildings (major
rehabilitation).
Compared to the energy saving achieved in the period 2015-2016, more specifically 26 051
200kWh/year, in 2017 an additional saving of 10 051 847 kWh/year was achieved (864.45
toe) accounting for the energy efficiency works indicated above.
The annual primary energy saving, as calculated after the performance of specific
energy efficiency increase works, is presented in Table 17.
Table 17
Calculated energy savings
[kWh/year] [thousand toe/year]
36 103 047 3.1
Source: MDRAP
Thermal rehabilitation of public buildings
In order to assess the impact of this measure, ANRE submitted Letter No 3485/16
January 2018 to 100 municipalities with over 20 000 inhabitants, requesting information on
the energy savings achieved after the application of the measure of thermal rehabilitation
of public buildings (exterior insulation, mounting of thermally insulating joinery, upgrading
of heating system).
Until the preparation of this report, 46 municipalities responded to the request of
ANRE, of which a very small number presented values of energy savings from the applied
measures.
Considering also the responsibility of local public administration authorities with
population of more than 5 000 inhabitants to prepare energy efficiency improvement
programmes also including the measure of thermal rehabilitation of public buildings, DEE
reviewed these programmes and the total recorded value was 12 860 toe.
Rehabilitation of public lighting
In order to assess the impact of this measure, ANRE submitted Letter No 3485/16
January 2018 to 100 municipalities with over 20 000 inhabitants, requesting information on
the energy savings achieved after the application of the measure of improving the
efficiency of public lighting
Until the preparation of this report, 46 municipalities responded to the request of
ANRE, of which a very small number presented values of energy savings from the applied
measures.
Considering also the responsibility of local public administration authorities with
population of more than 5 000 inhabitants to prepare energy efficiency improvement
programmes also including the public lighting improvement measure, DEE reviewed these
programmes and the total recorded value was 2 058 toe.
G. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR
Retrofitting of urban public transport
The analysis of 14 EEIP has revealed energy savings of 1 430 toe. The main energy
efficiency measure was the renewal of the fleet of buses, trolleybuses and tramways. Other
measures applied: Purchasing equipment for monitoring tramway routes, retrofitting the
transport network infrastructure and mounting fuel probes and GPS.
Extension of the underground transport in Bucharest
The electrical underground substations and the installations for the ventilation system,
which had 30 years, were further retrofitted. The installations for the ventilation system were
retrofitted in six underground stations and resulted in energy savings of 200 toe. The
replacement of the LED lighting in two underground stations led to energy savings of 100
toe. The electrical underground substations were retrofitted, resulting in energy savings of 1
400 toe. The rolling stock fleet was also retrofitted and 16 underground trains were
purchased, resulting in energy savings of 1 400 toe.
By the implementation of eight measures, energy savings of 4 317 toe were achieved.
Retrofitting of rail transport
The analysis of the EEIPs received from the economic operators in this sector
revealed energy savings of 1 816 toe, which accounts for 20 % of the target of 8 900 toe.
At the National Railway Company (Compania Națională de Căi Ferate C.F.R. SA)
measures were implemented to improve the energy efficiency of rail operation buildings as
per the Energy Efficiency Improvement Plan of CNCF CFR SA for the period 2013-2026,
leading to energy savings of 960 toe/year. Economic exterior lighting systems were deployed
in railway stations and LED signalling units were mounted, leading to energy savings of 10
toe/year. In total, by the implementation of measures to improve energy efficiency, energy
savings of 973 toe/year were achieved.
At CFR Călători SA energy efficiency measures were implemented at:
SRTFC Bucharest - works for retrofitting the lighting installation, leading to savings
of 14 toe;
SRTFC Timisoara - works for retrofitting the heating installation at the service shop
in Arad, the thermal insulation of administrative buildings, leading to savings of 5 toe;
SRTFC Galati - works for retrofitting the central heating plant at the service shop in
Buzau and Tecuci, leading to savings of 2 toe.
By the implementation of these measures, energy savings of 21 toe were achieved.
At SNTF CFR Marfă SA the measures were further implemented to increase the rate
of electrical traction to the detriment of the Diesel traction, with savings of 9.46 toe/million of
gross tons per km, the equivalent of 755.72 toe. Moreover, the burning parameters of central
heating plants were corrected and timer thermostats were mounted, leading to savings of 16
toe. Therefore, the total saving achieved in 2017 was 771.16 toe.
At SC Regiontrans SRL, by the implementation of the measure on equipment with
new TEDOM type engines, a saving of 51 toe was achieved
Retrofitting of waterborne transport
The analysis of the EEIP received from CN Administrația Porturilor Maritime SA
Constanța revealed the implementation of the following types of energy efficiency measures,
with energy savings of 64 toe:
- the optimisation and improvement of efficiency in 21 W interior lighting
installations and the exterior night lighting at the warehouses in Port Constanta
Sud;
- turning the central heating plant from the administrative office in Mangalia,
which operated on M type fuel, to a gas powered plant;
- regulation of the air excess coefficient in the central heating plant.
- retrofitting of five transformer stations in Constanta Port
Navrom SA installed equipment for monitoring the hydrographic and mechanical
parameters on 10 ships, thus achieving a 5 % reduction in the total consumption of these
ships, which means a reduction of the fuel amount by 358 toe.
Retrofitting of air transport
The analysis of the EEIP revealed the implementation of the following types of
energy efficiency measures, with energy savings of 3 731 toe:
- Bucharest airport: rehabilitation of the thermal insulation of ventilation pipes in
terminals, recovery of the thermal/hydro-insulation of buildings on the airport
platform, optimisation of the beaconing lighting and purchase of a new MT 20
kv PIF feeder in Otopeni, with energy savings of 50 toe;
- The Romanian administration of air traffic services, Romatsa, replaced the
thermal insulation for the hot water installation, leading to energy savings of 0.4
toe;
- The Carpatair airline company continued the implementation of the measures
pertaining to the Modernisation Programme, achieving energy savings of 95 toe:
using low power at take-off, lowering the altitude for reduction of traction from
take-off to climb, optimising the centring of the load in relation to the centroid
of the aircraft
- The Blue Air airline company installed Winglet devices on the wings of two
aircrafts, which led to energy savings of 878 toe, purchased 5 new B737-NG
aircrafts, which led to savings of 73.40 toe, and for the deployment of the
internal maintenance programme for the fleet of aircrafts, savings of 2 634 toe
were achieved. Consequently, the total savings achieved in 2017 by the
application of five measures are 10 901 toe - Tarom national airline company
achieved zero energy savings.
H. The National Investment Plan
By Commission Decision C(2012) 4564 final of 6.7.2012 and under Article 10c(5)
of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the
application to give transitional free allocation for the modernisation of electricity
generation notified by Romania, DG Climate Action of the European Commission
authorised the application of Romania for the transitional free allocation of greenhouse gas
certificates for electricity producers for the period 2013-2020.
By Commission Decision C(2012) 8776 final of 5.12.2012 on State aid SA.34753
(2012/N) – Romania, regarding the transitional free allocation of greenhouse gas
certificates for electricity producers under Article 10(c) of the ETS Directive, DG
Competition of the European Commission informed, in connection with the application of
Romania, that the aid granted under the system of transitional free allocation of greenhouse
has certificates is compatible with the internal market and decided not to raise objections to
the notified measure.
The following objectives were pursued:
Main objective - environmental protection, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions for
producers of electricity based on fossil fuels
Secondary objective - energy efficiency, by retrofitting the sector of polluting
electricity generation.
The transitional derogation allows for a transitional free allocation for the purpose of
retrofitting the production of electricity in the respective country in the period 2013-2020.
In this context, Romania has been entitled to the following, as from December 2012:
a mechanism for the transitional free allocation of greenhouse gas certificates for 39
polluting electricity producers for the period 2013-2020;
ex post grants for 29 investments authorised by the European Commission, which are
completed after 25 June 2009 for retrofitting the electricity production system in
Romania, designated as the National Investment Plan (NIP).
On grounds of the two EC Decisions and under Article 60(3) of Law No 226/2013
approving GO No 164/2008 amending and supplementing GO No 195/2005 on
environmental protection, GD No 1096/2013 approving the mechanism for transitional free
allocation of greenhouse gas certificates for producers of electricity, for the period 2013-
2020, including the National Investment Plan, was adopted.
In accordance with Article 1 of GEO No 30/2015, ME manages the value of the
greenhouse gas certificates allocated on a transitional free basis, implements the NIP, and
monitors and implements the investments from NIP.
ME has the obligation to prepare annually the NIP Implementation Report and the
report of payments justifying the number of certificates to be issued and the National
Allocation Table of Romania for 2013-2020. After they have been approved by the European
Commission, ME, as an institution responsible for the implementation of the greenhouse gas
certificate trading scheme in Romania, issues the allocated free certificates to the accounts of
operators for each year, paid in accordance with GD No 1096/2013, as subsequently
amended and supplemented.
The operators owning the installations referred to in Annex 1 to GD No 1096/2013
(Annex 1 to the Report) and receiving transitional free allocation of greenhouse gas
certificates in the period 2013-2020 pay the value of these certificates to the NIP account,
which allocates grants for NIP investments to a rate of 25 % in the value of eligible
expenditure under the “first-come, first-served” principle, depending on the order in which
the funding was requested and approved and within the limits of the available funds.
The grants are allocated from the NIP account under a grant contract and ex post
payments are made against supporting documents accompanying the refund applications.
Of the 29 investments included in NIP, based on the approved refund applications and
applying the legal framework in force, four grant contracts have been concluded to date,
namely:
Grant Contract No 1/29.8.2016, with the beneficiary S.C. CE Oltenia S.A. for the
investment ‘Rehabilitation and retrofitting of the lignite powered energy block No 7’-
Electrocentrale Ișalnița Branch
Grant Contract No 2/29.8.2016, with the beneficiary S.C. CE Oltenia S.A. for the
investment ‘Rehabilitation and retrofitting of the lignite powered 330 MW energy
block No 4’- Electrocentrale Rovinari Branch
Grant Contract No 3/14.9.2016, with the beneficiary OMV Petrom SA for the
investment in a combined cycle gas turbine - CECC Brazi
Grant Contract No 4/7.12.2017, with the beneficiary SNGN Romgaz SA for the
investment in a combined cycle gas turbine - Iernut
Two of these investments have been completed to date as per Table 1
- RO-015: The combined cycle gas turbine in Brazi, with OMV Petrom as
beneficiary, started its commercial operation in August 2012 and was
commissioned in 2017. Its electricity production was 2 695 151 MWh;
- RO-025: The rehabilitation and modernisation of the 330 MW lignite
powered block No 4 - CE Rovinari. After retrofitting and refurbishment, the
block was commissioned in 2015 and its commercial operation started in
2017. The electricity production was 2 137 253 MWh.
Table 18
Investment Year Specific
emissions
Reduction of
emissions
Energy
savings
[t CO2/MWh] [t CO2/year] [toe/year]*
RO-015 Combined cycle gas
turbine in Brazi, with OMV
Petrom as beneficiary
2017 0.3590 962 151 230 510
RO-025 Rehabilitation and
retrofitting of the 330 MW
lignite powered energy block
No 4
0.9015 69 870.38 6 667
Total 237 177
Source: Ministry of Energy
*1 MWh = 0.086 toe
6. STATEMENT OF ENERGY AUDITS AND ACCESS TO THE SYSTEM OF
AUTHORISATION OF ENERGY AUDITORS AND CERTIFICATION OF
ENERGY MANAGERS
The work involving the authorisation of energy auditors/certification of energy
managers supports the promotion and development of a system which ensures the availability
of audits capable of harnessing the energy saving potential of the final energy consumer.
The relevant number of energy auditors authorised annually indicates the opening of
the energy services market, providing final energy consumers with the possibility to conduct
the energy audit in accordance with the legal provisions. Through the information on the type
of authorisations and contact details of the persons authorised by ANRE, which are available
on the ANRE website, free and unconditional access is ensured for the interested parties.
At the end of 2017, the following were certified: 441 energy managers, 207 energy
auditors as natural persons, 72 energy auditors as legal persons, of which 19 energy auditors
as PFA, 71 approved energy services providers (of which 20 PFA).
The structure of authorisations/certificates/accreditations for 2017 is set out in Table
19.
Table 19
2017 Total New
certificates/authoris
ations
Extension of
certifications/auth
orisations
Energy managers 116 71 45
Energy auditors as natural persons 68 39 29
Energy auditors as legal persons 15 11 4
Companies providing accredited energy
services
14
14
-
Source: ANRE
6.1 Certificates of energy managers
The certification/authorisation/accreditation work by month, for 2017, is the
following:
Figure 15
The statement of energy manager certificates granted in 2017
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Număr de atestate de manageri energetici
acordate în anul 2017
Number of energy manager certificates
granted in 2017
Număr atestate Number of certificates
Luna/2017 Month/2017
IANUARIE JANUARY
FEBRUARIE FEBRUARY
MARTIE MARCH
APRILIE APRIL
MAI MAY
IUNIE JUNE
IULIE JULY
AUGUST AUGUST
SEPTEMBRIE SEPTEMBER
OCTOMBRIE OCTOBER
NOIEMBRIE NOVEMBER
DECEMBRIE DECEMBER
Figure 16
Statement of extensions of energy manager certificates in 2017
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Număr de prelungiri de atestate de manageri
energetici / 2017
Number of extensions of energy manager
certificates/2017
Număr de prelungiri atestate Number of certified extensions
Luna/2017 Month/2017
IANUARIE JANUARY
FEBRUARIE FEBRUARY
MARTIE MARCH
APRILIE APRIL
MAI MAY
IUNIE JUNE
IULIE JULY
AUGUST AUGUST
SEPTEMBRIE SEPTEMBER
OCTOMBRIE OCTOBER
NOIEMBRIE NOVEMBER
DECEMBRIE DECEMBER
Figure 17
Statement of approval of companies providing energy services in 2017
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Număr de societăți prestatoare de servicii
energetice agreate/autorizate în anul 2017
Number of companies providing
approved/authorised energy services in 2017
IANUARIE JANUARY
MARTIE MARCH
APRILIE APRIL
MAI MAY
IUNIE JUNE
IULIE JULY
AUGUST AUGUST
SEPTEMBRIE SEPTEMBER
NOIEMBRIE NOVEMBER
DECEMBRIE DECEMBER
Figure 18
Statement of certification of energy managers and of approval of companies providing energy
services in 2017
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Atestare manageri energetici și
agreare/autorizare societăți prestatoare de
servicii energetice pentru anul 2017
Certification of energy managers and
approval/authorisation of companies
providing energy services for 2017
Manageri energetici Energy managers
Societăți prestatoare de servicii energetice Companies providing accredited energy
IANUARIE JANUARY
FEBRUARIE FEBRUARY
MARTIE MARCH
APRILIE APRIL
MAI MAY
IUNIE JUNE
IULIE JULY
AUGUST AUGUST
SEPTEMBRIE SEPTEMBER
OCTOMBRIE OCTOBER
NOIEMBRIE NOVEMBER
DECEMBRIE DECEMBER
6.2 Authorisation of energy auditors
The work of energy auditors carrying out their activity in the industrial, transport or
services field is regulated by the Regulation for authorising the relevant energy auditors
approved by Decision No 2794/2014 of ANRE, as amended and supplemented by Decision
No 111/2017 of ANRE (Regulation).
In accordance with the Regulation, energy auditors acting as legal persons must
submit the Annual Report on the energy audit work to the Authorising Commission from
ANRE, by 30 January of the year following the analysed year.
Statement of authorisations of energy auditors acting as natural and legal persons in
2017
Figure 19
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Autorizare auditori energetici, persoane fizice
și juridice
Authorisation of energy auditors as natural
and legal persons
Număr autorizații Number of authorisations
Autorizații persoane fizice Authorisations of natural persons
Autorizații persoane juridice Authorisations of legal persons
IANUARIE JANUARY
FEBRUARIE FEBRUARY
MARTIE MARCH
APRILIE APRIL
MAI MAY
IUNIE JUNE
IULIE JULY
AUGUST AUGUST
SEPTEMBRIE SEPTEMBER
OCTOMBRIE OCTOBER
NOIEMBRIE NOVEMBER
DECEMBRIE DECEMBER
Figure 20
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Autorizare persoane fizice acordate în anul
2017
Authorisation of natural persons in 2017
Număr de autorizații Number of authorisations
Luna/2017 Month/2017
IANUARIE JANUARY
FEBRUARIE FEBRUARY
MARTIE MARCH
APRILIE APRIL
MAI MAY
IUNIE JUNE
IULIE JULY
AUGUST AUGUST
SEPTEMBRIE SEPTEMBER
OCTOMBRIE OCTOBER
NOIEMBRIE NOVEMBER
DECEMBRIE DECEMBER
Figure 21
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Autorizare persoane juridice acordate în anul
2017
Authorisation of legal persons in 2017
FEBRUARIE FEBRUARY
APRILIE APRIL
MAI MAY
IULIE JULY
OCTOMBRIE OCTOBER
DECEMBRIE DECEMBER
In 2017, 44 energy auditors acting as legal persons conducted energy audits at 232
economic operators. The reports submitted by them have revealed that over 1 300 energy
efficiency improvement measures were identified, representing estimated energy savings of
145 086 toe/year, with an investment value of approximately RON 1 139 723 thousand.
The same as in previous years, frequently proposed energy efficiency measures were
included in the following categories:
- introduction of variable torque actuation,
- reduction of losses in the compressed air networks,
- compensation of the power factor,
- optimisation of burning in ovens,
- optimisation of operation in installations and technological flows,
- efficiency improvement of lighting in production facilities,
- rehabilitation of heat networks,
- switch to energy efficient engines actuated with variable torque with frequency
convertors
For the period 2010 – 2017, the situation on the preparation of energy audits is the
following:
Table 20
Year Auditors Economic
operators
Number of
energy efficiency
measures
Estimates
energy savings
(toe)
Estimated costs
(thousand RON)
2010 14 72 275 176 200 1 628 212
2011 6 41 103 112 171 128 813
2012 23 198 564 406 652 1 791 466
2013 33 226 701 196 705 663 684
2014 37 349 432 26 790 1 160 678
2015 73 431 1 118 247 611 750 761
2016 70 330 1 286 144 818 2 185 336
2017 72 232 1 341 145 086 1 139 723
Source: ANRE
Figure 22
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Evoluția numărului de autorizații acordate
auditorilir energetici – persoane juridice și a
operatorilir economici care au realizat
audituri energetice în perioada 2010-2017
Trend in the number of authorisations
granted to energy auditors acting as legal
persons and economic operators which
conducted energy audits in the period 2010-
2017
Auditori energetici PJ Energy auditors as legal persons
Operatori economici Economic operators
The decreasing trend in the number of economic operators which prepared energy
audits is maintained in 2017 as well. The explanation lies in the fact that, under Article
9(1)(a) of Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as subsequently amended and
supplemented, energy audits are conducted regularly, every four years, so operators which
conducted energy audits in 2015 must conduct the next energy audit in 2019, those which
conducted energy audits in 2016 also conduct the next audit in 2020 and so on.
Figure 23
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Periodicitate audituri după anul 2014 Regularity of the audits after 2014
In the period 2015-2017, a steady number of 70 authorisations of energy auditor as
legal persons in the database of ANRE was maintained.
In 2017, a number of 11 new legal persons requested a new authorisation.
The types of energy audits conducted in 2017 and their distribution by activity
segment are presented in the graphs and tables below.
Figure 24
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Tipuri de audituri energetice elaborate în anul
2017
Types of energy audits prepared in 2017
Tipuri de audituri energetice Types of energy audits
Audituri complexe Complex audits
Audituri electroenergetice Electricity audits
Audituri termoenergetice Heat audits
Număr audituri energetice Number of energy audits
This year, economic operators also opted, with a majority, for the preparation of
complex energy audits.
Figure 25
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Economii de energie, estimate, per tipuri de
audituri energetice (t.e.p)
Estimated energy savings by types of energy
audits (toe)
Tipuri de audituri energetice Types of energy audits
Audituri complexe Complex audits
Audituri electroenergetice Electricity audits
Audituri termoenergetice Heat audits
Economii de energie (t.e.p) Energy savings (toe)
According to the estimations of energy auditors, the implementation of the energy
efficiency measures recommended in the framework of complex energy audits could bring
about cumulated energy savings of over 100 000 toe.
Below is a picture of the types of energy audits conducted by authorised natural
persons (PFA) or legal persons (LP), with the indication of estimated energy savings:
Table 21
number of audits estimated energy savings
(toe)
PFA Legal
persons
TOTAL PFA Legal
persons
TOTAL
Heat audits 5 22 27 889.21 22 004.79 22 894.00
Electricity audits 3 52 55 101.04 8 806.57 8 907.61
Complex audits 10 140 150 974.39 112 310.64 113 285.03
TOTAL 18 214 232 1 964.64 143 122.00 145 086.64
Source: ANRE
Figure 26
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Număr de audituri energetice realizate per
sectoare de activitate
Number of energy audits conducted per
activity segment
Număr de audituri energetice Number of energy audits
Învățământ Education
Transporturi Transport
Administrație publică Public administration
Telecomunicații Telecommunications
Agricultură Agriculture
Ind cimentului Cement industry
Construcții Construction
Ind textilă Textile industry
Metalurgie Metallurgy
Prelucrarea lemnului Wood processing
Materiale de construcții Building materials
Chimie Chemistry
Ind energetică Energy industry
Ind alimentară Food industry
Ind prelucrătoare Manufacturing industry
Servicii Services
Sector de activitate Activity segment
The services sector is noteworthy because in 2017, the same as in 2016, the number of
economic operators which complied with Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, as
subsequently amended and supplemented, increased in regard to the conduct of the energy
audit. The energy saving potential in this sector is quite significant if we consider the energy
auditors’ estimates for the recommended energy efficiency measures.
Figure 27
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Economie de energie estimate pentru
măsurile de eficiență energetică recomandate
Energy saving estimated for the energy
efficiency measures recommended in the
în cadrul auditurilor energetice per sectoare
de activitate
framework of energy audits by activity
segment
Sector de activitate Activity segment
Servicii Services
Agricultură Agriculture
Materiale de construcții Building materials
Telecomunicații Telecommunications
Ind textilă Textile industry
Transporturi Transport
Economii de energie (t.e.p) Energy savings (toe)
Figure 28
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Economii de energie estimate pentru măsurile
de eficiență energetică recomandate în cadrul
auditurilor energetice, per sectoare de
activitate
Energy saving estimated for the energy
efficiency measures recommended in the
framework of energy audits by activity
segment
Sector de activitate Activity segment
Ind energetică Energy industry
Ind cimentului Cement industry
Ind prelucrătoare Manufacturing industry
Chimie Chemistry
Economii de energie (t.e.p) Energy savings (toe)
Activity segments where energy efficiency measures have been identified, which are
likely to bring about substantial energy savings, i.e. over 10 000 toe, are: the energy industry,
the cement industry and the manufacturing industry. Significant energy savings can also be
achieved in the chemistry industry according to the energy auditors’ estimates.
It is noteworthy that these data are estimates and account for information pertaining to
energy audits conducted by 232 economic operators.
ANRE’s database includes 700 economic operators with annual energy consumption
above 1 000 toe and approximately 600 economic operators recording an annual energy
consumption below 1 000 toe. However part of them are exempted from the preparation of
the energy audit because they implemented an energy and/or environment management
system or are small and medium enterprises.
In accordance with Article 9(1)(a) of Law No 121/2014 on energy efficiency, energy
audit is mandatory for all types of energy consumers and underlies the establishment and
application of energy efficiency measures. The programme of energy efficiency improvement
measures must include the recommendations from the energy audits.
Figure 29
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Costuri pentru implementarea măsurilor de
eficiență energetică recomandate în cadrul
auditurilor energetice, mii lei (estimări)
Costs for the implementation of the energy
efficiency measures recommended in the
framework of energy audits, thousand RON
(estimates)
Sector de activitate Activity segment
Ind alimentară Food industry
Metalurgie Metallurgy
Administrația publică Public administration
Telecomunicații Telecommunications
Agricultură Agriculture
Construcții Construction
Prelucrarea lemnului Wood processing
Ind textilă Textile industry
Învățământ Education
Transporturi Transport
Costuri (mii lei) Costs (thousand RON)
Figure 30
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Costuri pentru implementarea măsurilor de
eficiență energetică recomandate în cadrul
auditurilor energetice, mii lei (estimări)
Costs for the implementation of the energy
efficiency measures recommended in the
framework of energy audits, thousand RON
(estimates)
Sector de activitate Activity segment
Ind energetică Energy industry
Ind prelucrătoare Manufacturing industry
Servicii Services
Ind cimentului Cement industry
Chimie Chemistry
Materiale de construcții Building materials
Costuri (mii lei) Costs (thousand RON)
The data submitted by the energy auditors as legal persons revealed an estimation of
the average specific investment of RON 7 855/toe.
In the energy industry, the costs for the implementation of energy efficiency measures
recommended by energy auditors are very high due to the fact that, in the framework of
energy audits, measures were recommended which involve high financial values for their
implementation, such as:
- Rehabilitation of heat networks
- Purchase of lighting fixtures with LED technology
- Mounting of photovoltaic panels
- Installation of microgeneration units
- Variable torque actuations
Figure 31
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Costuri pentru implementarea măsurilor de
eficiență energetică recomandate, per tipuri
de audituri energetice, mii lei (estimări)
Costs for the implementation of the
recommended energy efficiency measures by
types of energy audits, thousand RON
(estimates)
Tipuri de audituri energetice Types of energy audits
Audituri complexe Complex audits
Audituri electroenergetice Electricity audits
Audituri termoenergetice Heat audits
Costuri (mii lei) Costs (thousand RON)
As for the activity of companies providing energy services approved/authorised to
conclude energy management contracts with economic operators outsourcing such service,
please note that, at the end of 2017, 51 energy services companies (ESC) and 20 authorised
natural persons (PFA) authorised to conclude energy management contracts were recorded in
the database of the Energy Efficiency Department.
In 2017, 9 ESCs were approved until the amended Regulation was published in the
Official Gazette and 5 ESCs were granted an authorisation after it had been amended.
Of the 51 legal persons approved to provide energy management services, 11
companies did not conclude energy management contracts and, of the 22 PFAs, 5 persons did
not conclude energy management contracts.
The number of contracts concluded by the 40 energy services companies and by the
22 PFAs is listed in the table below depending on the period for which the contract was
concluded and the type of services provider, as follows:
Table 22
Total
number of
contracts/
category
Number of contracts concluded depending on the period
for which the contract was concluded
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Unlimited
ESCs in the
industry 206 153 20 14 10 2 7
PFAs in the
industry 101 72 4 2 - - 23
Total contracts
concluded in the
industrial sector
307 225 24 16 10 2 30
ESCs for
localities 8 6 2 - - - -
PFAs for
localities 3 1 - 2 - - -
Total contracts
concluded for
localities
11 7 2 2 - - -
Total energy
management
contracts
concluded
318 232 26 18 10 2 30
7. ACHIEVEMENT OF EU TARGETS
The progress recorded in the achievement of the national energy efficiency target
of reducing primary energy consumption by 19 % until 2020
The national indicative energy efficiency target is based on the primary energy
consumption.
Romania established as national indicative energy efficiency target for 2020 to save
10 million toe of primary energy, which represents a 19 % reduction in the forecasted
primary energy consumption (52.99 million toe) in the PRIMES 2007 model for the
realistic scenario.
Achieving this target implies that in 2020 primary energy consumption will be 42.99
million toe, while total energy consumption will be 30.32 million toe.
The 2017 National Reform Programme (2017 NRP) is the framework platform for
defining the development priorities to guide the evolution of Romania until 2020, in order to
reach the Europa 2020 Strategy objectives, and for defining structural reforms to respond to
the challenges identified by COM for Romania.
The annual report for monitoring the implementation of the National Energy
Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) - 2017 was prepared on the basis of the reports received
from the institutions involved in the implementation of Law No 121/2014 on energy
efficiency, in accordance with Article 8.8.
The Eurostat data presented in Figure 32 is published for up to 2016, and the
forecasted values for 2025 and 2030 are published in the EU Reference Scenario 2016.
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/energy-modelling
Figure 32
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Ținta națională de eficiență energetică National energy efficiency target
Mii tep Thousand toe
Date Eurostat Eurostat data
PRIMES 2007 PRIMES 2007
Scenariu RO RO scenario
Progress recorded in the promotion of electricity from energy renewable sources
Legislative developments in regard to promoting the production of electricity from
renewable sources; data provided by the Energy Efficiency Department of ANRE (General
Directorate for Energy Efficiency, Renewable Sources, Cogeneration and Heat)
The promotion of production of electricity from renewable energy sources (E-RES) is
a stringent necessity of the current period at EU level, which is justified by: environmental
protection, increase of energy independence from imports by diversification of energy supply
sources, and by economic and social cohesion reasons. Consequently, considering the
relatively high level of the investment costs for the production of E-RES, all the European
states established E-RES support systems.
In this context, by GD No 1892/2004 establishing the system for promoting the
production of electricity from renewable energy sources, the system of promotion through
green certificates was established in Romania. This system is focused on competitive market
mechanisms, namely the system of mandatory quotas combined with the trading of green
certificates (GC).
The established promotion system was amended by Law No 220/2008 establishing
the system for promoting the production of energy from renewable energy sources, as
republished, as subsequently amended and supplemented, hereafter referred to as Law,
which proposed to make the system more attractive for investors by introducing new
facilities, among which the allocation of a larger number of green certificates, under a
differentiated system, depending on the type of E-RES production technology.
The system of promotion by GCs established under the law was authorised by the
European Commission by Decision C(2011) 4938 on State aid SA 33134 (2011/N) for
Romania - Green certificates for promoting electricity from renewable sources.
In the application of the primary law on the promotion of electricity produced from
energy renewable sources, which has gone through numerous amendments and supplements
in time (GD No 1892/2004 was amended and supplemented by GD No 958/2006, and
Law No 220/2008 was amended and supplemented by Government Order No 29/2010,
Law No 139/2010, GEO No 88/2011, Law No 134/2012, GEO No 57/2013, Law No
23/2014, Law No 122/2015 and GEO No 24/2017), ANRE prepared and subsequently
amended and supplemented, whenever required, the relevant legislative framework.
In 2012, the Parliament of Romania adopted Law No 134/2012 approving GEO No
88/2011, which amended the system of promotion through GCs.
For the purposes of this law, ANRE issued Order No 37/2012 amending and
supplementing the Regulation for accreditation of producers of electricity from energy
renewable sources for the application of the system of promotion through green
certificates, as approved by Order No 42/2011 of ANRE.
Subsequently, GEO No 57/2013 brought new amendments to the system of
promotion through green certificates established under the law.
In the same 2013, the Methodology for monitoring the system of promoting
energy from energy renewable sources through green certificates was amended under
Order No 17/2013 of ANRE.
In March 2014, Law No 23/2014 approving GEO No 57/2013 amending and
supplementing Law No 220/2008 establishing the system for promoting the production
of energy from renewable energy sources was published in Official Gazette of Romania No
184/14.3.2014.
The amendments brought by the system of promotion through Law No 134/2012,
GEO No 57/2013 and Law No 23/2014 were authorised by the European Commission
under Decision C(2015) 2886 of 4.5.2015.
In June 2015, Law No 122/2015 approving certain measures for promoting the
production of electricity from renewable energy sources, and amending and
supplementing certain administrative acts was published in Official Gazette of Romania
No 387/3.6.2015.
In the period January-March 2017, the following rules were issued:
Order No 8/2017 of ANRE approving the limit values for trading green certificates
and the value of an unpurchased green certificate;
Order No 11/2017 of ANRE establishing the mandatory quota of green certificates to
be purchased for 2016;
Order No 26/2017 of ANRE repealing Articles 1 and 2(b) of Order No 8/2017 of the
President of the National Energy Regulatory Authority approving the limit values for
trading green certificates and the value of an unpurchased green certificate;
Order No 27/2017 of ANRE establishing the estimated mandatory quota of green
certificates to be purchased for April-December 2017.
As from 1 April 2017, in order to ensure a balance between the producers of
electricity from renewable energy sources and final consumers, in the context of providing
further support to production of energy from renewable energy sources so as to maintain the
national target of 24 %, GEO No 24/2017 amending and supplementing Law No 220/2008
establishing the system for promoting the production of energy from renewable energy
sources and amending certain legislative acts was adopted.
GEO No 24/2017 introduced new amendments to the system of promotion through
green certificates established under the law and, for its application, ANRE issued the
following rules:
Order No 77/2017 of ANRE approving the Regulation on the organisation and
functioning of the green certificates market;
Order No 78/2017 of ANRE approving the Methodology for establishing the annual
static quantity of green certificates and the annual mandatory quotas of green
certificates to be purchased;
Order No 79/2017 of ANRE amending and supplementing the Regulation on the
issuing of green certificates, as approved by Order No 4/2015 of the National Energy
Regulatory Authority;
Order No 110/2017 of ANRE establishing the estimated mandatory quota of green
certificates to be purchased for 2018;
Order No 127/2017 of ANRE amending Order No 77/2017 of the President of ANRE
approving the Regulation on the organisation and functioning of the green certificate
market.
In regard to compliance with the EU requirements on the certification of the E-RES
origin, the Regulation for certifying the origin of the electricity produced from renewable
energy sources was promoted, on grounds of which ANRE issued the Procedure for
supervising the issue of guarantees of origin for the electricity produced from renewable
energy sources, as approved by Order No 23/2004 of ANRE. Consequently, ANRE set up
the Single Register of Guarantees of Origin and, in the period 2005-2010, on a half-yearly
basis, it issued guarantees of origin for the electricity produced from renewable energy
sources, permanently updating the data in this register.
Following the amendment of the relevant European law, by promoting Directive
2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the
promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently
repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, the rules on the certification of origin of
the electricity produced from renewable energy sources needed to be reconsidered and the
Regulation for issuing and tracking guarantees of origin for the electricity produced
from renewable energy sources, as approved by GD No 1232/2011 (Regulation) was
approved.
The system of certification of the E-RES origin proposes to enhance transparency
towards the client by differentiating between the electricity produced from renewable energy
sources and the electricity produced from conventional sources, and is materialised in the
allocation of certificates of origin to E-RES producers.
The regulation establishes the framework for the organisation and functioning of the
system of guarantees of origin for the production of electricity from renewable energy
sources in order to prove that electricity or a rate in it, which is supplied to a final consumer
by its supplier, is produced from renewable energy sources.
The guarantees of origin issued on grounds of this regulation are used by the
electricity supplier, at the request of a final consumer, to ascertain the accuracy of the
information included on the electricity label.
In order to enforce the provisions of GD No 1232/2011, ANRE deployed the web
application for the issue and tracking of guarantees of origin on a secured website developed
specifically for this purpose. With the development of the application, as from February 2013,
a new single register of guarantees of origin became operational in an electronic format,
including information on the guarantees of origin issued, transferred or withdrawn.
At the same time, ANRE monitors the situation of guarantees of origin for the
electricity produced from renewable energy sources, and the outputs are included in an annual
report published on the ANRE website by 31 March of each calendar year. As from 2013, the
Reports on the monitoring of guarantees of origin for the electricity produced from renewable
energy sources and supplied to the electricity networks are found on the website of ANRE.
Monitoring of the system for promoting electricity from renewable energy sources
through green certificates
By the annual monitoring of the system for promoting electricity from renewable energy
sources through green certificates, ANRE aims at:
evaluating the functionality of the support scheme through green certificates and its
efficacy in reaching the national targets set under the law in regard to the E-RES share
in the gross final consumption of energy;
assessing the efficiency of the GC support scheme with reference to the required
financial effort;
establishing whether, following the application of the green certificate support
scheme, the E-RES production is overcompensated;
evaluating the functioning of the green certificates market under conditions of
transparency and non-discrimination, in accordance with the legal provisions;
Results from the functioning of the system for promoting electricity from renewable
energy sources through green certificates
The system for promoting electricity from renewable energy sources through green
certificates has been operational since 2005.
Below is the trend of the main indicators in this sector for the period 2005-2017;
The trend in the installed power capacity in power plants which benefitted from the system
of promotion of E-RES and electricity produced in these plants for the period 2015-2017 is
shown in Figure 33.
Figure 33
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Capacități instalate în centrale electrice care
au beneficiat de sistemul de promovare a E-
SRE [MW]
The installed capacity of power plants which
benefitted from the E-RES promotion system
[MW]
Producția de E-SRE care a beneficiat de
sistemul de promovare a [GWh]
The E-RES production benefitting from the
E-RES promotion system [GWh]
Note 1: The values of the installed capacities of power plants which benefitted from
the E-RES promotion system pertain to each calendar year end
As from the date of entry into force of GEO No 24/2017, ANRE has calculated the
annual static amount of green certificates, which represents the total quantity of green
certificates estimated to be issued by the end date of the support scheme in 2031 and the
quantity of green certificates deferred from trading in the period 2013-2024, divided by the
number of years remained until the expiry of the period of application of the system of
promotion through green certificates.
The mandatory quota for green certificates purchase for 2017 was:
- for the period January-March 2017 at the value of: 0.210 GC/MWh
- for the period April-December 2017 at the value of: 0.357 GC/MWh
The trend in the annual mandatory quotas of GCs and in the quotas of purchased GCs
achieved by economic operators obliged to purchase green certificates, in the period 2015-
2017, is shown in Figure 34.
Figure 34
Source: ANRE
RO EN
Evoluția cotelor anuale obligatorii de CV și a
cotelor realizate de achiziție de CV
The trend in the annual mandatory quotas of
GCs and in the quotas of purchased GCs
achieved
Cote anuale obligatorii de CV Annual mandatory quotas of GCs
Cota perioada ianuarie-martie The quota for January-March
Cote anuale realizate de CV Annual quotas of GCs
2015* - 0.278 corresponds to exempted electricity consumption of approximately 3.45 TWh
2016* - 0.306 corresponds to exempted electricity consumption of approximately 6.85 TWh
2017* - 0.357 corresponds to exempted electricity consumption of approximately 7.208 TWh
The annual trend in the number of GCs issued upon the application of the E-RES
promotion system to this date is shown in Figure 35.
Figure 35
Source: ANRE
*the value of the biomass also includes high-efficiency cogeneration
RO EN
Hidro Hydro
Eolian Wind
Biomasa Biomass
Solara Solar
Cogenerare înaltă eficiență High-efficiency cogeneration
The trend in the impact of the application of the E-RES promotion system on the electricity
price at the final consumer, for the period 2005-2017, is shown in Figure 36.
Figure 36
Source: ANRE
RO EN
2015 – impactul ține seama de un consum
exceptat în anul 2015 de cca 3,45TWh
2015 – the impact takes into account an
exempted consumption of approximately
3.45 TWh in 2015
2016 – impactul ține seama de un consum
exceptat în anul 2015 de cca 6,85TWh
2016 – the impact takes into account an
exempted consumption of approximately
6.85 TWh in 2015
2017 – impactul ține seama de un consum
exceptat în anul 2015 de cca 7,208TWh
2017 – the impact takes into account an
exempted consumption of approximately
7.208 TWh in 2015
The trend in the achievement of the E-RES national target in the gross final consumption
of energy for Romania in the period 2005-2017 is shown in Figure 37.
Figure 37
Source: ANRE
*estimated value
RO EN
Ponderea E-SRE în consumul final brut de
energie electrică
Share of E-RES in the gross final
consumption of energy
Gradul de îndeplinire a țintei naționale de
energie electrică
The level of achievement of the national
electricity target
In accordance with the Methodology for monitoring the system of promotion of
energy from renewable energy sources through green certificates, ANRE assesses the
statement of costs and revenues of producers of electricity from renewable energy sources
which benefit from the system of promotion through green certificates based on the data
submitted by the accredited producers.
The submitted data is processed as per the model calculation used in the notification
of the support scheme authorised by Commission Decision C(2011) 4938 of 13.7.2011: State
aid SA 33134 – Romania – “Green certificates for promoting electricity from renewable
sources”.
The system of promotion through green certificates, as established under the law, is
applicable to producers for the electricity produced from renewable energy sources, including
for the electricity produced in the test period, under the accreditation decision issued by
ANRE for commissioning and refurbishment of units/plants taking place until the end of
2016.
The results of the overcompensation analysis, which is carried out in the analysis year,
are included in a report to be published on the ANRE website by 31 March of each calendar
year.
The cost-benefit analysis, with the update for the 2017 analysis year at an aggregated
level for each category of E-RES production technology, taking into account the indicators
resulting from the mean value of costs and according to the capacities planned to be
commissioned, has identified no risk of overcompensation in the installed capacities.
The results of the overcompensation analysis for the 2017 analysis year are published
on the website of ANRE.
8. ANALYSIS OF THE TREND IN THE PATTERN OF CONSUMPTION OF
ELECTRICITY AT FINAL CONSUMERS
As regards the analysis of the trend in the structure of the electricity consumption at
final clients, as calculated on the basis of the data processed by ANRE, the data presented in
the attached table reveals the following:
the final electricity consumption recorded in 2016 increased by 1.3 % compared to the
level recorded in the previous year;
household consumption increased by 0.4 % in 2016, compared to 2015, but this rate
was maintained in the consumption structure;
consumption at non-household clients who changed their supplier compared to 2015
increased by approximately 3.8 % and the consumption rate increased in the final
consumption;
consumption of non-household clients supplied as a universal service and in a last resort
manner decreased by approximately 30.3 % in 2016, compared to 2015, and the consumption
rate in the final consumption also decreased.
Table 23
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh %
Consumers supplied under a
regulated regime*
23
416
51
%
23
046
55
%
21
365
49
%
20
289
44
%
20
779
45
%
18
966
43
%
15
213
34
%
14
128
31
%
13
533
29
%
Household 10
376
23
%
10
990
26
%
11
246
26
%
11
590
25
%
11
987
26
%
11
670
27
%
11
626
26
%
12
005
26
%
12
054
26
%
Non-household 13
040
28
%
12
057
29
%
10
119
23
%
8 699 19
%
8 792 19
%
7 296 17
%
3 587 8 % 2 123 5 % 1 479 3 %
Consumers supplied under a
competitive regime
22
414
49
%
18
536
45
%
22
075
51
%
25
525
56
%
25
105
55
%
24
805
57
%
29
235
66
%
32
128
69
%
33
344
71
%
Household 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 %
Non-household 22
414
49
%
18
536
45
%
22
075
51
%
25
525
56
%
25
105
55
%
24
805
57
%
29
235
66
%
32
128
69
%
33
344
71
%
Total final consumption 45
830
100
%
41
583
100
%
43
440
100
%
45
814
100
%
45
884
100
%
43
771
100
%
44
448
100
%
46
256
100
%
46
877
100
%
*Note 1: the regulated segment also includes electricity supplied to final clients at CMC
tariffs for 2012 and 2013
*Note 2: the regulated segment also includes electricity supplied to final clients as a
universal service and last resort regime for 2014, 2015 and 2016
Source: Suppliers’ monthly reports - processed by ANRE
9. DEGREE OF ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
Table 24
No 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
% % % % % % %
1 Total (including energy
products obtained and
consumed in the
population’s households)
78.8 77 77.7 81.7 83.4 82.9 78.4
2 Coal (including coke) 85.4 81.8 84 81.9 77.8 80.4 80.3
3 Crude Oil 41.5 42.8 43.9 43.4 38.2 37.6 33.1
4 Natural gas (excluding
gasoline and ethane from
the extraction units
included in the crude oil
section)
79.9 78 80.3 87.8 93.6 98.4 86.4
Source: Statistical Directory for 2016
10. ENERGY POVERTY
Energy poverty is a major challenge within the EU and it originates in the low income
and the energetically inefficient households.
In this respect, the European Commission included the interests of vulnerable
consumers and in energy poverty in the new European law prepared in the framework of the
targets under Europa 2030 and Energy Union.
One of the core objectives of the Europa 2020 strategy is to reduce the number of
persons exposed to the risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU.
According to Eurostat, 23 % of the European citizens were exposed to the risk of
poverty in 2016, i.e. 117.5 million persons.
Figure 38
Source: EUROSTAT
According to the Eurostat data for 2016, as presented in Figure 38 at country level, the
countries where inhabitants are the least exposed to social exclusion are the Czech Republic
(13.3 %), Finland (16.6 %) and Denmark (16.7 %). At the opposite end are Bulgaria (40.4
%), Romania (38.8 %) and Greece (35.6 %).
As regards the aim to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty or social
exclusion, which is expressed in absolute number of people: 580 000, in the Country Report
of Romania for 2018 – SWD(2018) 221 final, the following is noted:
“The national target of 580 000 people is already considered reached. In absolute terms, the
number of people lifted out of the risk of poverty or social exclusion since 2008 is 1 420 000
(2016). The population taken out of poverty or social exclusion was however higher in 2015
(1 680 000) as compared to 2016.”
The package of legislative measures Clean Energy for All Europeans establishes a
new approach to the protection of vulnerable consumers, which also includes supporting
Member States in their reduction of energy costs for consumers by supporting energy
efficiency investments. The energy efficiency proposals of the Commission request from
Member States to take into account energy poverty, providing that part of the energy
efficiency measures be implemented as a priority for the households affected by energy
poverty and for social housing. Their long-term strategies for renovation of buildings should
also contribute to the reduction of energy poverty.
The “Clean Energy for All Europeans” legislative proposals will reduce the
energy poverty by increasing the affordability of expenses incurred by household
consumers. The population health may be improved by rehabilitating buildings with modern
low NOx emission heating systems and properly heated households have reduced humidity.
European energy consumers will have better options for energy suppliers, for access
to reliable tools for energy price comparisons, and the possibility to produce their own
electricity and sell it. Enhanced transparency and better regulation signify higher
involvement on the part of the civil society in the energy sector as a response to price
signals. The European legislative package also includes certain measures meant to
protect the most vulnerable consumers of energy. Only a few EU Member States have
national law including the concept of energy poverty and there is no consensus on the
legal definition of the term.
Member States are obliged to measure and to monitor energy poverty and to
submit reports to the European Commission every two years, and the Commission will
enable the good practice exchange by setting up the Energy Poverty Observatory. In this
respect, under the Energy Poverty Observatory project, the EU Energy Poverty Observatory
platform was launched in Brussels on 29 January 2018, a portal dedicated to energy poverty
intended to be an aggregator of statistical information meant to encompass the multiform
reality of this concept.
For buildings – a sector which accounts for 40 % of the European energy
consumption, through the revision of the Directive on the energy performance of buildings,
the European Commission fosters the deployment of innovative and smart technologies in
buildings; at the same time, Article 4 of the Energy Efficiency Directive was inserted in
the revised version of the Directive on the energy performance of buildings, which also
includes additional measures on energy poverty. At European level, two thirds of the
buildings were built before the construction standards have been prepared and the renovation
rate is approximately 1 %.
In the annual activity reports of ANRE and in the national reports submitted to the
Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) and to the European Commission
with a view to fulfilling the reporting obligations provided under Directive 2009/72/EC and
Directive 2009/73/EC, ANRE mentioned the following: “In order to mitigate the negative
impact of the process of elimination of regulated tariffs/prices on the consumers, a series of
protection measures for consumers were proposed in the memorandum approved by the
Government with regard to the calendar of gradual removal of regulated tariffs/prices, among
which: identification of vulnerable consumers, provision of direct subsidies to these
consumers, an increase on the part of suppliers in their consumer awareness-raising actions
regarding the market liberalization process, the review of the provisions on the supplier
change. Law No 123/2012 on electricity and natural gas defines “the vulnerable client”
as the final client belonging to a category of household clients who, on grounds of age,
health or low income, are at risk of social marginalisation, and who, in order to prevent
such risk, benefit from social protection measures, including financial measures. Social
protection measures and the eligibility criteria for them shall be established under legislative
acts. Vulnerable clients shall be the main beneficiaries of the social aid envisaged in the
process of gradual relinquishment of regulated prices/tariffs.”
Law No 196/2016 on the minimum inclusion income, as published in Official
Gazette of Romania, Part I, No 882 of 3 November 2016, will repeal Government Emergency
Order No 70/2011 on social protection measures in the cold season, as subsequently amended
and supplemented. For the purposes of this law, the vulnerable consumer is defined as “the
household client, as a single person or the family which cannot cover, from their own
budget, the full heating costs for the household and the income of which is within the
limits set under this law”.
Law No 196/2016 defines energy poverty as the vulnerable consumer’s
impossibility to provide for their minimal energy needs for the optimal heating of the
household during the cold season.
In accordance with GEO No 82/8.11.2017, as published in Official Gazette No
902/16.11.2017, Law No 196/2016 on the minimum inclusion income will enter into force
on 1.4.2019.
ANRE, through the Energy Efficiency Department, took over the annual
presidency and the Secretariat of the EnR Association - the Association of national
energy efficiency agencies in Europe from 23 February 2017 to 22 February 2018, with a
view to coordinating the EnR activities at European level, including developing the topic
proposed with regard to energy poverty at European and national level.
In the period February 2017-February 2018, ANRE coordinated information and
good practices exchange in the field of energy efficiency with a view to developing the
proposed topic regarding energy poverty at European and national level, in the framework
of the new European law prepared in accordance with the strategies of Europa 2030 and
Energy Union - Clean Energy for All Europeans. At the same time, at the EnR events
organised by ANRE/DEE in 2017 and 2018 participated representatives of the Energy
Efficiency Agencies from Member States, and experts from CNR-CME, the Romanian
Energy Centre, the Democracy Study Centre etc.
The energy poverty topic proposed by ANRE/DEE for the period of its 2017 EnR
Presidency was extremely well received at national and European level and the European
peers contributed with national good practices in order to strengthen the EnR position
document on energy poverty at European level and to ensure the continuity of this topic by
the 2018 EnR Presidency - ENEA Italy, with a view to approving the Clean Energy Package
in 2018.
About the EnR Association - the Association of national energy efficiency agencies in
Europe:
ANRE is a member of the EnR Association - the Association of national energy
efficiency agencies in Europe, which comprises 24 European energy agencies responsible for
the preparation, implementation or review of national research, development or dissemination
programmes in the fields of energy efficiency, renewable energy and climate changes, with
the purpose of strengthening cooperation between member agencies and other European
stakeholders with regard to all the relevant aspects for sustainable energy.
Two meetings are organised annually, i.e. EnR Full and Regular Meeting and EnR
Regular Meeting, with the attendance of all the members, where the internal issues of
the EnR Association are raised and activity reports of working groups are presented.
An important EnR event, which is organised annually, is Thinking Group Meeting,
therein participating the managing staff of the national energy agencies in Europe.
Information is mainly exchanged through the eight working groups and it is also open
to other relevant third party organisations wishing to become members of EnR. Also,
in addition to their role in the dissemination of information, working groups serve as
forums for the preparation and implementation of joint projects under the programmes
funded by the European Union, such as the Horizon 2020 Programme of the European
Commission.
The eight working groups of the EnR Association are:
The Behaviour Change Working Group
the Buildings Working Group
the Energy Efficiency Working Group
the Working Group on Industry
the Labelling and Ecodesign Working Group
the Monitoring Tools Working Group
the Renewable Energy Working Group
the Transport Working Group
In the context of the national energy targets regarding the energy efficiency increase, ANRE
fosters, through the Energy Efficiency Department, a constructive dialogue with all the
stakeholders in order to include the interests of vulnerable consumers and in energy poverty
in the revised European and national energy and energy efficiency legislative framework.
11. CONCLUSIONS
1. As regard the progress recorded in the achievement of the national objectives in the
Europa 2020 Strategy, according to the Country Report Romania 2018 - SWD(2018)
221 final, published by the European Commission on 7 March 2018, Romania “is
performing well in the areas of employment rates, national greenhouse gas emission,
renewable energy, energy efficiency and tertiary education”.
In regard to the 2020 energy efficiency objectives, namely: 43 Mtoe (primary energy
consumption); 30.3 Mtoe (final energy consumption), the European report indicates the
following: “ESI Funds should further contribute to meeting this target but the preparation
and implementation of energy efficiency projects are significantly delayed.”
2. In regard to the target of Romania for 2020 to achieve 24 % of energy from
renewable sources in the consumption pattern, this value was exceeded at the end of
2016, i.e. reaching 25 %.
Country Report Romania 2018 – SWD(2018) 221 final indicates the following: “With
24.8 % renewable energy share in gross final consumption, Romania is well on track and
even above in attaining its renewable energy target for
2020. Emergency Ordinance No 24/2017 was adopted on 30 March 2017, approving the
amendments to the renewable energy support scheme. This provides support to promoting
renewable energy in a sustainable manner while ensuring a reasonable consumer impact. This
approach brings the much needed stability and predictability to the Romanian renewable
energy sector.”
Figure 39
Source: Country Report Romania 2018 – SWD(2018) 221 final
Table 25
Table C.6: Green growth
Green growth performance 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Macroeconomic
Energy intensity kgoe/€ 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.21
Carbon intensity kg/€ 0.99 0.96 0.86 0.83 0.81 -
Resource intensity (reciprocal of resource
productivity) kg/€ 3.51 3.37 3.28 3.25 3.31 3.20
Waste intensity kg/€ - 1.92 - 1.27 - -
Energy balance of trade % GDP -2.7 -3.0 -1.9 -1.4 -0.9 -0.9
Weighting of energy in HICP % 17.77 12.32 12.45 12.21 1225 11.94
Difference between energy price change and
inflation % 1.0 1.3 5.0 0.1 2.8 -1.0
Real unit of energy cost of value
added 24.9 25.6 23.6 22.6 - -
Ratio of environmental taxes to labour taxes ratio 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.24 -
Environmental taxes % GDP 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3
Sectoral
Industry energy intensity kgoe/€ 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.15
Real unit energy cost for manufacturing industry
excl. refining
% of
value
added
21.0 22.7 21.7 21.4 - -
Share of energy-intensive industries in the
economy % GDP 13.67 11.79 11.59 12.20 12.56 12.77
Electricity prices for medium-sized industrial users €/kWh 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08
Gas prices for medium-sized industrial users €/kWh 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Public R&D for energy % GDP 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02
Public R&D for environmental protection % GDP 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
Municipal waste recycling rate % 11.7 14.8 13.2 13.1 13.2 35.3
Share of GHG emissions covered by ETS* % 47.0 44.6 38.0 38.2 37.7
Transport energy intensity kgoe/€ 0.77 0.58 0.55 0.60 0.53 0.47
Transport carbon intensity kg/e 2.07 1.63 1.55 1.70 1.50 -
Security of energy supply
Energy import dependency % 21.6 22.7 18.5 17.1 17.1 22.3
Aggregated supplier concentration index HHI 16.7 12.4 12.8 14.2 17.8 -
Diversification of energy mix HHI 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
Source: Country Report Romania 2018 – SWD(2018) 221 final
3. Final energy consumption increased by 1.8 % in 2016 compared to the previous year
considering an increase in energy efficiency in the final consumption sectors.
Thus:
- Final consumption in the industry dropped by 3.4 %, whereas the gross value added
(GVA) increased by 6.6 %.
- Final consumption in services increased by 2.5 %, but GVA increased by 4.7 %
- Household consumption was higher by (only) 0.4 %;
- Energy consumption in transport increased by 8.1 % due to an increase in the
amount of activities performed; thus, the amount of transported goods increased by
13.7 % compared the previous year.
4. An extremely sensitive issue of SACET (centralised heat supply system) and the metering
degree at condominium level. Since 1990, their number has constantly increased: in 2014, a
number of 70 SACETs were operational and in 2015 six were closed down, and at the end of
2016 and the beginning of 2017 61 SACETs were operational.
The main causes for this situation is the absence of a coherent central and local policy
and strategy regarding heat supply in localities, and the absence of State funding for the
rehabilitation of SACETs.
Another important issue in this sector is the low rate of individual metering at
apartment level or in spaces with other purposes in condominiums.
Until the date of this report, 24 operators responded to a request from ANRE
addressed to heat supply operators in March 2017, declaring the metering rate at
condominium level (ranging from 0 %, as declared by Transgex Beius, to 100 %, as
declared by Ecoterm SA Făgăraș), and, after all the information has been received, it will
be consolidated and a final assessment made.
The poor situation on the metering and sub-metering rate at condominium and
apartment level was also noted by the European Commission in its letter EU Pilot ref.
EUP(2017)9193, where it states that, in Romania, this metering rate is below 50 %
considering that the deadline for conclusion of the metering action at country level was 31
December 2016.
Paradoxically, although rules are in place providing for the obligation to introduce
metering and sub-metering (Law No 51 of 8 March 2006 on public utility community
services, as republished, as subsequently amended and supplemented) and the application of
penalties for those who do not apply the legal provisions, no significant progress has been
recorded in the individual metering action.
The reasons are multiple, from the mistrust of citizens in the introduction of heating
and hot water exchange devices to the fact that the responsibilities for the application of the
law are divided among a large number of institutions and, therefore, there is no actual control
over compliance with the metering obligation.
5. At the end of 2017, the following were certified: 441 energy managers, 207 energy auditors
as natural persons, 72 energy auditors as legal persons, of which 19 energy auditors as PFA,
71 approved energy services providers (of which 20 PFA).
6. The development on the energy services market is slow, in particular regarding the ESCO
type energy services companies. The main obstacles identified in the implementation of
energy performance contracts are:
the need to amend the procurement procedure in SEAP
energy efficiency contracts are likely to affect the level of public debt
the law is unclear in regard to the legal regime and the ownership of goods.
A positive signal is the fact that ESCOROM and ARPEE have become national
administrators of the Code of Conduct, which could constitute, if the issues related to the
performance contracts are to be clarified in the forthcoming period, an essential factor in the
creation of a pole for the development of ESCO type energy services companies.
7. For a number of NEEAP components, the assessment of the energy savings is difficult
because there is no data reported in this respect; therefore, studies are required and a whole
process of data collection needs to be implemented to allow for a reasonable indirect
estimation of the energy savings.
8. Considering that the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP IV) was submitted
to the European Commission in December 2017, we consider that the 2017 energy savings
took into account the targets included in NEEAP III, the Government Decision approving the
NEEAP IV still pending endorsement at inter-ministerial level.