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The Modern ConsciousnessScience, Politics & the ArtsMr. JohnsonWorld History
Self-Portrait in Striped T-Shirt – Henri Matisse
Created Created by Mr. by Mr.
JohnsonJohnson
Objectives• 7.02 – Examine the causes and
effects of scientific revolutions and cite their major costs and benefits.
• 8.01 – Trace developments in literary, artistic, and religious traditions over time as legacies of past societies or as cultural innovations.
• 8.03 – Classify within the broad patterns of history those events that may be viewed as turning points.
Key TermsCharles DarwinEvolution & Natural SelectionSocial Darwinism & RacismAlbert EinsteinRelativityHeisenberg Uncertainty PrincipleMarie CurieRadioactivityNuclear physicsBig Bang TheorySigmund FreudUnconscious mindPsychoanalysisCarl Jung
ArchetypesPavlov’s DogReligious backlashstream of consciousnessImpressionismPost-ImpressionismSymbolismCubismDadaSurrealism
Major Themes•Technology & Mass Culture
everyone doing the same thing
•Relativism & uncertaintynothing is absolute
•Secularismemphasis on science and reason, not religion
•Irrationality & the unconsciouswe do thing for reasons we don’t realize
•Religious backlashmodern society is undermines faith in God
Mass Media
Technology & Mass Culture•Radio•Film•Used by
democracies & totalitarian states alike
FDR’s Fireside Chats
Triumph of the Will (1937)
Advertising & Marketing
Biology
Evolution• Charles Darwin• Beagle & Galapagos
Islands• Natural selection –
“survival of the fittest”• The Origin of Species
(1859)• The Descent of Man
(1871)
Scopes Trial• Religious Backlash
Social Darwinism• Racial/national “survival of the
fittest”• German General Friedrich von
Bernhardi: “War is a biological necessity… since without it an unhealthy development will follow… War is the father of all things.”
• Aryanism & Eugenics – Nazi Germany
DNA• Watson & Crick• Double-helix• Blueprint for human life
Physics & Astronomy
Theoretical Physics• Einstein
– Theory of Relativity (1905)
– Time and space are not absolute, but relative to the observer
Theoretical Physics• Werner Heisenberg
– “Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle”
– The exact location and speed of subatomic particles cannot be exactly determined, only measured in probability
– The act of observing alters the thing being measured… so not all things can be known
Radioactivity & Nuclear Physics• Marie Curie – radioactivity• Robert Oppenheimer – the atomic
bomb
Astronomy• The universe is
much larger than previously believed, perhaps even infinite
• Earth, therefore, is a “mere grain of sand on a beach”
• Big Bang Theory – origins of the universe
The New Science: Psychology
Psychoanalysis•Sigmund Freud•Human behavior and thought is not rational, but, like all animals, instinctive•the unconscious mind – sex & aggression•Repressed memories and urges•Allowing patients to heal themselves through guided talking
Psychoanalysis•Conscious – rational mind•Preconscious – accessible memories•Unconscious – bulk of the mind; memories that we cannot recall at will, but which still affect our thoughts & behavior•Id (“it”) – inborn biological drives, immediate gratification•Ego (“I”) – makes us act in socially acceptable ways; arguing a point rather than fighting•Superego (“over the I”) – conscience, sense of right and wrong
Archetypes & Symbolism• Carl Jung• Collective
Unconscious – memories passed down from generation to generation
• Archetypes– Self– God– Mother– Persona/Mask– Personalities:
introverts/extraverts
Archetypes• Hero vs.
Villain• Wise Old Man• God/Spiritual
Force• Journey/
Adventure
Behaviorism• Pavlov – conditioning• “Pavlov’s Dog”• Military applications
Politics & International Affairs
Great Depression
Two World Wars
Art & Literature
Literature
James Joyce – Ulysses – stream of consciousness
Hermann Hesse – Siddhartha, Steppenwolf – search for the self
Review
Assignment• Five minutes• With a partner, reorganize
your notes, putting three examples under each of today’s themes:– Technology & Mass Culture– Relativism & Uncertainty– Secularism– Irrationality & the Unconscious– Religious Backlash
Identify the picture and explain its significance to the Modern Consciousness.
Identification Assignment Name: ______________________
Date: ______________________
Period: ______________________
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