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Immigration & Immigration & Urbanization Urbanization 1877-19001877-1900
Created by Mr.
Johnson
ObjectiveObjective• 5.01 –
Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life.
ElevatorElectric TrolleysTelephoneAlexander Graham BellPhonographThomas EdisonTypewriterJacob RiisHow the Other Half LivesJane AddamsSettlement HousesHull HouseCulture ShockEllis Island
Angel IslandDumbbell TenementsChinese Exclusion ActSweatshopsAmusement ParksSpectator SportsNew ImmigrationOld ImmigrationFrederick Law OlmsteadMelting PotSalad BowlCultural PluralismNativism
Key TermsKey Terms
Mark Twain – “The Gilded Age”Mark Twain – “The Gilded Age”
Robber BaronsRobber Barons
Conspicuous ConsumptionConspicuous Consumption
Rising Tide of Rising Tide of ImmigrationImmigration
Immigration & UrbanizationImmigration & Urbanization
New ImmigrationNew Immigration
Why They CameWhy They Came• Job Opportunities• Homestead Act• Anti-Semitism
The JourneyThe Journey• Ocean Liners• Traveling in
Steerage• Into the Unknown
ARRIVALARRIVAL• Physical Exams• Quarantine• Name Changes• Culture Shock• Video – Edison
Motion Pictures
Medical Exams & QuarantineMedical Exams & Quarantine
Ellis Island, NYEllis Island, NY
Ellis Island, NYEllis Island, NY
Statue of Liberty, 1886Statue of Liberty, 1886
TorchTorch– Light & hopeLight & hope
Seven SpiresSeven Spires– ““Seven Seas”Seven Seas”
Stone TabletStone Tablet– July IV MDCCLXXVIJuly IV MDCCLXXVI
““The New The New Colossus”Colossus”
Statue of LibertyStatue of Liberty
The New ColossusThe New ColossusNot like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame."Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries sheWith silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
—Emma Lazarus, 1883
Angel Island, San FranciscoAngel Island, San Francisco
Japanese “Picture Brides”Japanese “Picture Brides”
NativismNativism
• “Know-Nothings”
American PartyAmerican Party
• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)– Restricted immigration from China
• National Origin Quotas• Gentlemen’s Agreement – U.S./Japan
(1907)– U.S. agrees to allow Japanese immigrants
into U.S. public schools– Japan promises to restrict immigration
• Webb Alien Land Law (1913)– California law– Prohibits aliens from owning land
Nativist LawsNativist Laws
Thomas Nast: Catholic Thomas Nast: Catholic INvasionINvasion
Thomas Nast: Irish Mob RuleThomas Nast: Irish Mob Rule
Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
Immigration TodayImmigration Today
New Ethnic New Ethnic NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods
Theories of CultureTheories of Culture
Melting Pot Assimilation
Salad Bowl Pluralism
ChinatownChinatown• San
Francisco• Los Angeles• New York
City
Hester StreetHester Street
St. Patrick’s CathedralSt. Patrick’s Cathedral
St. Patrick’s CathedralSt. Patrick’s Cathedral
““Little Italy”Little Italy”
The Lives of The Lives of ImmigrantsImmigrants
TenementsTenements• One or more
families living in a small apartment
• Poor sanitation & ventilation
TenementsTenements
TenementsTenements
Dumbbell TenementDumbbell Tenement
Immigrant FamiliesImmigrant Families
SweatshopsSweatshops• Urban
factories with poor wages & working conditions
Jacob RiisJacob Riis• How the Other
Half Lives (1890)
• Described the working and living conditions of immigrants
• First “muckraker”
Jane AddamsJane Addams• Settlement houses
– Educated, trained Americans
– Living in poor immigrant communities
– Art, education, economic development
• Hull House, Chicago
Hull HouseHull House
Horatio AlgerHoratio Alger• Dime Novels• The American
Dream– Honesty & hard
work– “Rags to riches”
stories
Labor StirringsLabor Stirrings
“Eight hours for work,Eight hours for rest,Eight hours for what
we will.”
““Gotham” Gotham” New York CityNew York City
SkyscrapersSkyscrapers• Office buildings• Symbols of the corporations
themselves• Architects
– Function– Aesthetics
Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process• Steel vs. iron
– Lighter– stronger
• Skyscrapers• Bridges
Early SkyscrapersEarly Skyscrapers
Flatiron BuildingFlatiron Building
ElevatorsElevators
Grand Central StationGrand Central Station
Electric TrolleysElectric Trolleys
Brooklyn BridgeBrooklyn BridgeJohn A. Roebling, architect
““America’s America’s Second City” Second City” ChicagoChicago
Railway Exchange & Central Railway Exchange & Central YMCAYMCA
Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan
Bayard-Condict BuildingBayard-Condict Building
Transportation BuildingTransportation Building
Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. StoreCarson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store
Sport, Leisure Sport, Leisure & & ConsumerismConsumerism
• Public Parks– Central Park, NY– Prospect Park, NY– Niagara
Reservation
Frederick Law OlmsteadFrederick Law Olmstead
Central Park, NYCentral Park, NY
Central Park TodayCentral Park Today
The National PastimeThe National Pastime
Boxing & College FootballBoxing & College Football
Country ClubsCountry Clubs
BicyclesBicycles
Coney Island, NYConey Island, NY
Department StoresDepartment Stores
Mail Order CatalogsMail Order Catalogs
Typewriters & SecretariesTypewriters & Secretaries
The TelephoneThe Telephone• Alexander Graham
Bell or Antonio Meucci?
Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Light Bulb
Phonograph
Eastman KodakEastman Kodak
““The New The New South”South”
Henry Woodfin GradyHenry Woodfin Grady• Industrialization
& urbanization• Free wage labor
& cordial race relations
• “New South”
Piedmont vs. TidewaterPiedmont vs. Tidewater
Good Roads MovementGood Roads Movement• Reasons
• Education• Bicycles…
automobiles• North Carolina –
“the good roads state”
Company TownsCompany Towns
Textile IndustryTextile Industry
Tobacco IndustryTobacco Industry
““Red Shirts”Red Shirts”• “Waving the
bloody shirt”• White
supremacy/ segregation
• Democrats/Ellison Alger Smyth
Convict LaborConvict Labor
Birmingham Steel MillsBirmingham Steel Mills
• Industrial-ization
• Convict mine labor
Birmingham Steel MillsBirmingham Steel Mills
Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington• Tuskegee
Institute• “Atlanta
Compromise” Speech:• Abandon civil
rights & challenges to segregation
• Focus on economic independence
• “Cast down your bucket where you are”
ReviewReview
Immigration• Push & pull factors• Ellis & Angel Island• Ethnic
neighborhoods• “Melting Pot” vs.
“Salad Bowl”• Backlash against
immigration
Urbanization• Population
explosion• Growth in city size• New opportunities
for both men & women
• Tenement slums• Mass transit• Skyscrapers
Main Ideas
