Immigration and Cities

Italian immigrants in 1905

Immigration

• “Old” Immigrants• “New” Immigrants• Reasons for

Immigration– Push– Pull

• Process of Immigration

Immigrants disembark at Ellis Island, New York in 1911.

                                                                                          

Immigration

• “Old” Immigrants• “New” Immigrants• Reasons for

Immigration– Push– Pull

• Process of Immigration

Immigrants disembark at Ellis Island, New York in 1911.

Urban Growth

• Growth of Cities– US Population

• 23 Million (1860)• 92 Million (1910)

• Internal Migration• Lure of Cities

New York, 1905

City Pop. Increases1860 1910

• New York 1,174,800 4,766,900 305%• Chicago 109,200 2,185,300 1900%• Philadelphia 562,500 1,549,000 300%• St. Louis 160,800 687,000• Boston 177,800 670,600• Cleveland 43,400 560,600 1190%• Baltimore 212,400 558,500• Pittsburgh 77,900 533,900• Detroit 45,600 465,700• Buffalo 81,100 423,700

Reactions and Responses• Desire to Assimilate• Nativism• Immigration Restriction

League • American Protective

Association

Life in the Cities

®

Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge,

1883

John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge,

1883

Dumbell TenementDumbell

Tenement

Tenement Slum Living

Tenement Slum Living

Immigrant Families @ work

Immigrant Families @ work

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

Moving out of the tenements

                                            

                    

 

William “Boss” Tweed

• Filling the void

Controlling the Tammany HallDemocratic Political Machine

The New UrbanWorking Class

• Transportation

• Pollution

• Housing

Mulberry Street in New York City about 1900.

Dumbell TenementDumbell

Tenement

Jacob Riis photograph of “Street Arabs”, children who roamed the tenement district of New York City.

Beginnings of Reform

• Settlement houses• Social Gospel born• Temperance• Compulsory education laws• Colleges (remember Morrill?)

Mass entertainment

• Why now?• Spectator Sports• Vaudeville Shows• Movies• Amusement Parks

Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, c. 1907

Café and Vaudeville Stage - Coney Island, 1905

Coney Island, 1903

Education

• Why rise in amount of education?– Needs of industry– Rise of mandatory education law

• Women• African Americans

The End