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The Mispronunciation of the Phoneme /r/ in a Five Year Old Child Rachel Jobe and Rebecca Forer

Background InformationWe talked to a child, A.R., aged 5 years, for a total of approximately 150 minutes, 120 of which were recorded over two weeks in mid-November of 2008.

The child came from an upper-middle class home in Fredericksburg, VA.

For the majority of the interview, the interviewees were alone with the child, although there was a portion of time when her older brother came in the room and was also talking to his sister and the interviewees.

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Presented December 4, 2008LING 301Section 02

Child: A.R. Time of Excerpt Notes “o, p, q, [aw]” 0:00 A.R. is reciting the alphabet in order to remember the

order while putting a puzzle together “[d w f] ” 3:08 The puzzle was shaped like a giraffe and A.R. was

attempting to figure out how to spell the word “giraffe” “it’s in that [d w a]]” 12:40 “make sure it doesn’t [bwek]” 13:35 “very expensive [mwa]” 13:44 “one [h ndwd]” 22:15 “twenty-[fwi]” 22:45 “[pwækt s] for life” 23:45 A. R. is describing a station in her classroom. “[pawti] shop one” 24:45 A. R. is describing an episode of the TV show iCarly “any [n mba]” 28:10 When an ‘r’ sounds comes at the end of a word, A. R.

pronounces the sound as a combination of a ‘w’ sound and an ‘r’ sound.

Dodd, B., Holm, A., Hua, Z., & Crosbie,S. (2003). Phonologicaldevelopment: a normative study ofBritish English-speaking children[Electronic version]. ClinicalLinguistics and Phonetics, 17, 617-643.

Finegan, E. 2008. Language: ItsStructure and Use (5th Ed.). Boston, MA: Thomson HigherEducation.

Harley, T.A. 2008. The Psychology ofLanguage (3rd Ed.). New York, NY:Psychology Press

Other research (Dodd, et al., 2003) indicates that the /r/ sound is commonly acquired later than most other speech sounds. In a meta-analysis of other studies, Dodd, et al. indicate that /r/ is acquired anywhere from three years, four months, to eight years. In their own research, Dodd et al. found that /r/ is not present for the majority of the sample until the age of six years. There is a broad range of normal times to acquire this phoneme, and A. R. is well within that range.

According to Harley (2008), (quoting Levelt, 1989), there are three processes of speech production: conceptualization, formulation, and execution. Conceptualization “involves determining what to say;” formulation “involves translating the conceptual representation into a linguistic form;” and execution involves phonetic and motor planning and articulation. A. R. appears to have mastered conceptualization and formulation but has not yet mastered execution of the /r/ phoneme.

file://localhost/Users/Rachel/Documents/004_D_003_2008_11_19.mp3