The map Mapping time Charles Joseph Minard’s map … · Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Borodino Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi Berezina date location name troops battle losses 24

Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation

Charles Joseph Minard’s map in 2014

Menno-Jan Kraak

Charles Joseph Minard’s map in 2014

• The map

• Mapping time

• An analytical approach

Minard’s map My sabbatical project: write a book on mapping time

• Research interest in mapping time • ’Possible best graphic ever’ (Tufte) • Family history

Carte figurative et approximative du mouvement des combustibles minéraux sur les voies d'eau et de fer de l'Empire français pendant l'année 1859 (1862)

Carte figurative et approximative des quantités de coton brut importées en europe en 1858, en 1864 et en 1865 (1866)

Atlas to Alison's history of Europe constructed and arranged, under the direction of Mr. Alison Johnston, A. K. 1848

Historical MilitaryAtlas of Russia IX-XX centuries Maksimov, I.I. Moskva: Publishing DIK, LLC "Drofa" 2003

Minard’s map in the style of the London Underground map http://www.dnash.org/et/napoleon-metro.jpg

Mapping time: working environment Temporal actions

Napoleon’s army

B A L T I CS E A

Berezina

Niemen

Dwina

Dnjepr

Pripet

Moskva

R u s s i a

A u s t r i a

P r u s s i a

P o l a n d

MJ 5-16

Napoleon's Campaign in Russia

5000

10000

25000

50000

100000

Imperial GuardI CorpsII CorpsIII CorpsIV CorpsV CorpsVI CorpsVII CorpsVIII CorpsIX CorpsX CorpsXI Corps

Napoleon’s armies

Space time cube

ABC

A

B

C

Minard’s map and time

Space-Time cube 4th Corps

Time cartograma) Time and geography

Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Borodino Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi Berezina

AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune

b)AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune

From time to geography

Wilna Vitebsk

Moscow


c)AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune

From geography to time

Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi BerezinaBorodino

date location name troops battle losses24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900

10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000

17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studienka 4500 x 2500

3 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodetschno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800

12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600

information

Present


10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000

17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studianka 4500 x 2500

3 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodescno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800

12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600

R. Berezina

R. Dwina

R. Dnjepr

R. Niemen

R. Wilna

The II Corps

Jun 24

Jun 28

Jul 13

Jul 16

Jul 26

Aug 10

Aug 18Oct 18

Oct 22

Nov 17

Nov 24

Dec 3 Nov 23

Dec 8 Dec 5

Dec 12

Jul 31

Minsk

Kowno

Wilkomirz

Dunaburg Swolna Jukubowo

Polotzk

Lepel

TschereiaBorisov

Studianka

Molodetcno

SmorgoniWilna

0 50kmdate location name troops battle losses

24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900


17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studienka 4500 x 25003 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodetschno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800

12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600




12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600

knowlegde

Explore




12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600


10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000

17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studianka 4500 x 25003 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodescno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800

12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600

R. Berezina

R. Dwina

R. Dnjepr

R. Niemen

R. Wilna

The II Corps

Jun 24

Jun 28

Jul 13

Jul 16

Jul 26

Aug 10

Aug 18Oct 18

Oct 22

Nov 17

Nov 24

Dec 3 Nov 23

Dec 8 Dec 5

Dec 12

Jul 31

Minsk

Kowno

Wilkomirz

Dunaburg Swolna Jukubowo

Polotzk

Lepel

Tschereia

Borisov

Studianka

Molodetcno

SmorgoniWilna

July SeptAug Oct Nov

Kowno40.000

Wilkomirz

Dunaburg

SwolnaJukubowo

Polotzk

Lepel

Tscheria

Studianka

Wilna

Polotzk

30.000

20.000

10.000

-4900-2500

-4000

-4000

-2500

Number of troop II Corps

-1500

Present versus explore

modelling / geocomputation

visualizationmapping

environment representations

visualization strategies designguidelines

User

Problems

Questions

data User tasks Identify, select, compare, find, etc

Historian

When did the invasion turn bad?

Did Napoleon lose all battles?

Understand failure of campaign

Geovisual analytics enviroment

Berez

ina

Niemen

Dwina

Dnjepr

Pripet

Moskva

R u s s i a

P r u s s i a

P o l a n d

Russian victoryFrench victory

A u s t r i a

Major battles during Napoleon's Russian Campaign


Polotzk

I

II

Second battle of Polotzk

First battle of Polotzk

Franco-Bavarian victory (St. Cyr) over Russians (Wittgenstein)

ForcesInfantryCavalry

total

LossesDeath/wounded

PoWtotal

Franco-Bavarian23,0004,000

27,000

6,0002,0008,000

Russians27,0005,000

32,000

10,0002,000

12,000

Franco-Bavarian victory (St. Cyr) over Russians (Wittgenstein)

ForcesInfantryCavalry

total

Lossestotal

Franco-Bavarian30,0004,000

36,000

6,000

Russians18,5003,500

22,000

6,000

III1 2

Jakubovo

Borisov

Borisov

Berezina

Wizma

Ljachowo

Nowo-Swerschen

2. Krasnoi

Kaidanowo

Wolkowisk

Smoljantzi

Tschaschniki

Malojaroslavetz

2. Polotzk

Winkowo

Mosjaisk

Schewardino

Borodino

Dahlenkirchen

Walutino-Gora

Smolensk

1. Polotzk

1. Krasnoi

Gorodeczna

Swolna

EckauMohilev

Ostrowno

Kobrin


-10-20

0

-30

Borodino

2. Krasnoi Berezina

Soldiers and battles


250.000

200.000

150.000

100.000

50.000

0

troops involved

Russian victory

French victory

Jakubovo

Borisov

Borisov

Berezina

Wizma

Ljachowo

Nowo-Swerschen

2. Krasnoi

Kaidanowo

Wolkowisk

Smoljantzi

Tschaschniki

Malojaroslavetz

2. Polotzk

Winkowo

Mosjaisk

Schewardino

Borodino

Dahlenkirchen

Walutino-Gora

Smolensk

1. Polotzk

1. Krasnoi

Gorodeczna

Swolna

EckauMohilev

Ostrowno

Kobrin

I II

number oftroops

number oftroops

temporal order of battles attribute order of battles

Soldiers and battles

Battles and space

Berezina

Niemen

Dwina

Dnjepr

Pripet

Moskva

R u s s i a

A u s t r i a

P r u s s i a

P o l a n d

B A L T I CS E A

200 km

Major battles during Napoleon's Russian Campaign

EckauDahlenkirchen

Wolkowisk

Gorodeczna

Kobrin

Nowo-Swerschen

Kaidanowo

Berezina

Borisov

SwolnaJakubovo

Polotzk

Ostrowno Tschaschniki

Smoljantzi

Moghilev

SmolenskWalutino-

Gora

Ljachowo

WizmaWinkowo

Malojaroslavetz

Riga

Kowno

Moscow

Krasnoi

RussianFrenchlosses

total

125.000100.000

50.00035.000

1.0005.000

Mojaisk

Borodino

Schewardino

MJ 5-25


Jakubovo

Borisov

Borisov

Berezina

WizmaLjachowo

Nowo-Swerschen

Krasnoi

Kaidanowo

Wolkowisk

Smoljantzi

Tschaschniki

Malojaroslavetz

Polotzk

Winkowo

Mojaisk

Schewardino

Borodino

Dahlenkirchen

Walutino-Gora

Smolensk

Polotzk

Krasnoi

Gorodeczna

Swolna

EckauMoghilev

Ostrowno

Kobrin

a)

Exploring the Berezina crossing

III & V CorpsPolish Lancers

first rivercrossing II Corps Imperial

Guard old NapoleonImperial Guardyoung

I & IV Corps IX Corps

November 26 November 27 November 2800:0000:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:0006:00 12:00 18:00 00:0006:00 12:00 18:00

Infantry BridgeArtillery Bridge

8350 4300 5945 2225 2475 13250

Time

Numberof troops

a)

November 27 - 13:00

b)

A. II Corps

B. III & V Corps

C. Imperial Guard (old)

D. Imperial Guard (young)

E. I & IV Corps

F. IX Corps

A B C D E F

1000018800 13200 110002200

5945

2400

930054003400

3100

48802200

54005500

8350

3000

7800

49001500 2200

70003000

2200

Chambray Wilson Fain Gourgaud

Size of the French armyestimates by:

Time

LocationObject

Attributeappear / disappear

disappearappear

PERCEPTUAL PROPERTIES

VISUALVARIABLES

DIFFERENTIATIONbetween appearance and disappearance

NATURE OF CHANGE locations of army camps

Aug 10- Aug 20

color shape

orientationqualitative sample

map

TYPE OF CHANGE

nominal

in- / decrease

Time

LocationObject

Attribute

decreaseincrease

Relative change in the number of troops

Aug 10- Aug 20

Towns that changed sidesAug 10- Aug 20


VISUALVARIABLES

DIFFERENTIATIONbetween categories

NATURE OF CHANGE

qualitativecolor

shapeorientation

sample map


VISUALVARIABLES

DIFFERENTIATIONbetween increase and

descrease

NATURE OF CHANGE

color shape

orientationqualitative sample map

to French no changeto Russian

Time

LocationObject

Attribute

shrink / expand

move

French

Napoleon's realmAug 10- Aug 20

Movement of French TroopsAug 10- Aug 20


VISUALVARIABLES

DIFFERENTIATIONbetween contraction

and expansion

NATURE OF CHANGE

color shape

orientationqualitative sample

map


VISUALVARIABLES

POSITIONALORDER

NATURE OF CHANGE

….color ….

geo sample map

lost gained no change

FrenchRussian

Minard’s temporal data analysis

Documents

The map Mapping time Charles Joseph Minard’s map … · Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Borodino Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi Berezina date location name troops battle losses 24