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The LSSI program is currently being
funded through San Diego Workforce
Partnership by industry and education
partners, specifically the Amgen
Foundation and Southern CA
Biotechnology Center (SCBC) at
Miramar College.
During our 12 day LSSI experience, we
visited 8 different biotechnology
companies in San Diego. These
companies include Pfizer, Pharmatek,
Sapphire Energy, White Labs,
Senomyx, Salk, Pfenex and Conatus.
The following slides are an overview of
what we got to see and what we learned!
Largest research based
pharmaceutical company
Leading portfolio
of products and
medicines that
support wellness
and prevention
Our Visit
Welcomed with a wonderful lunch!
Our host gave us an overview of the pharma-industry, an overview of drug discovery and how drugs reach the market place.
Following the discussion, we toured the labs where we saw equipment
and techniques applied in
drug discovery and
research.
Connection to Amgen Labs
At Pfizer we observed the use of PCR, gel electrophoresis, and protein synthesis using insect cells to produce a recombinant protein.
This connected to Amgen Lab in creating a recombinant plasmid, transformation of pARA-R into E. coli and purification of mFP
Compound
Evaluation
Analytical Methods
Development
Formulation
Development
GMP Manufacturing
Stability Testing and
Storage
Cytotoxic and High-
Potent Development
http://www.pharmatek.com/index.html
Amgen Lab 4-Confirmation of
Restriction and Ligation
◦ Pharmatek uses HPLC to confirm the products
they make contain the correct amounts of the
various components
Extension of the Amgen Lab Series
◦ It demonstrates the importance of formulation
and delivery to the body.
• Algae-based Green Crude oil production
• Upgrade algae biomass into crude oil
• Finding and manufacturing a renewable energy
source that benefits the environment
• Drop-in replacement fuels for gasoline, diesel, and
jet fuel
• A company with a team of investors
entrepreneurs, scientists, & concerned citizens
Renewable
Low carbon footprint
America’s energy independence
Price-competitive
Fits into our existing energy infrastructure
The Benefits of Algae-Based
Green-Crude Oil Production
Connections to Amgen Labs Growing algae in different situations to
test each strain’s viability
Polymerase Chain Reaction – to screen
for the strains of algae and their
concentrations and size
Research & Development in harvesting
cells and analyzing the algae (determining
the DNA sequence)
White Labs Inc. was founded in 1995 by Chris and Lisa White, who had experience growing yeast in labs.
Make beers, supply breweries, wineries and distilleries with fresh yeast and related products, including analytical services
White Labs: Products & Services
Production of yeast process:
strain selection plate
working plate liquid cultures*
yeast propagator (big scale)*
500 different flavor compounds
Analytical services: alcohol
content, calories, flavors, QC.
Partners with non profit water
treatment. Produces cleaner
water than most water
treatments.
* Lab tested
Connections to
Amgen Labs
Using strain selection techniques: DNA profiling, PCR, growth of the best strain on plate then in liquid media, sterile techniques.
Class tours are welcome!
Applying sensory science to create
artificial flavors and flavor enhancers.
• Founded in 1998
• Founders:
• Lubert Stryer—neurobiologist, Stanford Univ.
• Charles Zuker—neurobiologist , Columbia Univ.
• Roger Tsien—molecular engineer, UCSD, Nobel
Laureate, 2008.
Products: • Savory taste additive reducing
or replacing MSG
• Sweet taste modifiers reducing
need for sucrose, sucralose, &
high fructose corn syrup
• Bitter blockers
• Cooling taste product
Research: • Identify salt taste receptor
• Discover new taste enhancers
• Senomyx protocol includes assaying for potential taste
enhancers, similar to the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno
Sorbant Assay) lab
• Identified flavor enhancing substances are purified using
column chromatography techniques, similar to Amgen lab #7
protocol.
Salk institute labs
started by Jonas Salk
(discoverer of polio
vaccine) in 1960.
350 graduate and
postdoctoral scholars;
1200 staff from 36
different countries.
Inside Salk
Research Domains at Salk
Genetic medicine, dynamic
brain, healthy aging, plant
biology, Waitt Advanced
Biophotonics center, Cancer.
Dr. Geoff Wahl, Gene
Expression Laboratory;
identification of cells
initiating cancer; last
discovery on the genes in
breast cancer cells, potential
targets for cures.
Animal Research
Salk Animal Facility (mice, guinea pigs,
rabbits), Cancer Research Animal Facility,
Non Human Primates. Managed by
Brandon Becker.
CONNECTIONS TO AMGEN LABS
PCR, Gel Electrophoresis, Protein Transformation, DNA Amplification!
Salk Mobile Science lab for middle schools.
March of Dimes High School Science day initiated 30 years ago by Jonas Salk.
Life Science Summer Institute.
A biotechnology company committed to developing
biosimilars and innovative vaccines in order to address unmet
and growing global healthcare needs.
Utilizing Pseudomonas fluorescens, rapid
automated screening, and recombinant DNA
techniques, Phenex produces biosimilar
therapeutics, vaccines, and reagent proteins
rapidly, in high yield, and that are of high quality,
activity, and solubility. They also provide strain
engineering services for other companies.
Biosimilars:
• Ranibizumab
• Certolizumab pegol
• Interferon beta-1b
• Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
• Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (GCSF)
Vaccines:
• Recombinant Protective Antigen Anthrax (rPA) Vaccine
• Malaria Vaccine
Cut and ligate a desired plasmid gene and use it to transform
P. fluorescens.
Maximize protein production via assaying P. fluorescens strain
protein yields and customizing optimal growth conditions
(e.g., pH & temp.).
Test for product via electrophoresis, HPLC, and the mass
spectrometer.
Purify protein product via filtration and chromatography.
This general mode of operation closely resembles our
entire Amgen lab series, which also involved generating
& verifying recombinant DNA, transformation,
proliferation, protein harvest, & analysis.
Conatus is focused on the development of therapeutics for liver disease and cancer.
In 2010, Conatus acquired Pfizer's Idun subsidiary, which brought Emricasan, a Phase 2 drug candidate for fibrotic liver disease; IDN-13389, a preclinical candidate for oncology indications; an agreement with Abbott for an oncology drug in Phase 2 clinical trials; and IP in the field of apoptosis.
They are now trading on NASDAQ
Ticker: CNAT 9.50 (- 1.50)
Conatus
introduced us to
all the soft skills
that are important
to all biotech
companies.
They showed us
how a small
biotech company
operates!
Lab 1: Microvolumetrics and Pipetting
Goals:
◦ To familiarize students with small
volume solutions
◦ To practice using a micropipette
◦ To practice gel electrophoresis
Lab 2:
Restriction Analysis of pARA and PKAN-R Goals:
◦ To examine the role of plasmids in molecular biology
◦ To examine the role of restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) in molecular biology
◦ To initiate the first step in producing a recombinant DNA molecule
Lab 3: Ligation of pARA and pKAN-R
Restriction Fragments Producing a
Recombinant Plasmid, pARA-R
Goals:
◦ To teach students how DNA from separate
plasmids can combine to produce novel plasmids
◦ To isolate the recombinant plasmid pARA-R for
future lab use.
Lab 4: Confirmation of Restriction &
Ligation Using Agarose-Gel
Electrophoresis Goal:
◦ To confirm that the restriction enzymes digested
pKAN-R and pARA and that a new plasmid pARA-R
was produced by comparing digested plasmid, and
undigested plasmid to ligated plasmid.
Lab 5: Transformation of E. coli with a
Recombinant Plasmid Goal:
◦ To make cells that are genetic factories for a
recombinant protein.
Lab 6:
Production of
Recombinant
Protein
Goal:
◦ Use prokaryotic cells as factories for a
recombinant eukaryotic protein.
Lab 7: Purification of mFP
Goal: to prepare the cell lysate from the
overnight liquid culture and purify the
mutant fluorescent protein.
Lab 8: Amplification of the tPA
Locus using the Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR) Using a very
powerful technique to amplify buccal cell DNA and determine student genotypes.
The PCR technique was invented by Dr. Kary Mullis in 1983. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.
ELISA
Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
Detecting the presence of antibodies or antigens
Uses the binding of antigens and antibodies to see a change, such as color
Tests for Pregnancy, HIV, West Nile, Hepatitis,
Protein recognition
DNA Extraction from Wheat Germ
Let us tell and show you what our favorite
experiences were, during LSSI this summer!
BEST ASPECT of LSSI..
Reuniting former students and teachers!
I had Mr. Kepper as my
10th grade in 2001! I still
can’t call him by his first
name. Biology teacher
Tina Tom School: Chula Vista
Middle School
Teaches: General Science 1/
Health 1
Years Teaching: 3
Favorite Scientist: Ivan Pavlov
Chris Osborne School: Mt San Jacinto College
Teaches: Biology
Years Teaching: 27
Favorite Scientist: John Sanford
Christine Arrabrit School: North County Trade
Tech High School
Teaches: Earth Science,
Biology, Chemistry, and
Physics
Years Teaching: 1
Favorite Scientist: Richard
Morimoto
Josh White
School: Vista Murrieta High
School
Teachers: Biology (AP), Marine
biology, Anatomy and
Physiology
Years teaching: 8
Nicole Clymer School: Escondido High School
Teaches: Biology, Oceanography
Years Teaching: 3
Favorite Scientist: Rosalind Franklin
Cesar Lopez School: Indo High School
Teaches: AP Biology and
Chemistry, Vet Science, Small
Animal Care, Horticulture
Science
Years Teaching: 2
Favorite Scientist: George
Washington Carver
Jessica Ullyott School: Gompers Preparatory Academy
Teaches: Biology
Years teaching: 3
Favorite Scientist: Don Herber
(Mr. Wizard)
Katie Martin School: San Diego High-SciTech
Teaches: Biology, Chemistry,
Human Body Systems
Years Teaching: 1
Favorite Scientist: Gilbert Lewis
Jeff Kepper School: Helix Charter High School
Teaches: Biology and Oceanography
Years Teaching: 21
Favorite Scientist: Robert Ballard
Bekah Walker School: Rock Academy
Teaches: Biology, AP Biology, Life
Science, Anatomy and Physiology
Years teaching: 5
Katie Johnson School: Mt San Jacinto College
Teaches: Biology and Humans and
Scientific Inquiry
Years teaching: ½
Favorite Scientist: Alfred Russell
Wallace and Charles Darwin
Alec Barron School: Del Lago Academy
Teaches: Biochemistry and Engineering
Years teaching: 10
Favorite Scientist: Erwin Schrodinger
Gina Saclauso-Caro School: Chula Vista Middle School
Teaches: Life Science/Health
Years Teaching: 30
Favorite Scientist: Madame Currie
Beth Mueller School:
Foothills Christian High
School
Teaches:
Chemistry, Biology, Anatomy
Years teaching: 5
Favorite Scientist:
Gregor Mendel
Alicia Johal School: Mar Vista Academy
Years: 1st year teacher!
Teaching: 8th Grade General Science
Favorite Scientist: Charles Darwin
Thank you Sandy!
Thank you for your presentations, insight, and
knowledge!