…”The Lowest Animal”

OBJECTIVE: After CLOSE READING Mark Twain’s essay, “The Lowest Animal,” students will analyze the use of

SATIRE AND IRONY as a part the rhetorical triangle (ethos, pathos, logos) to support his

philosophical beliefs Evidence:

• Annotations and Marginalia • SOAPS

• Progress Check

A"eryousharewithyourpartner,usecirclemapinfotowritebackgroundparagraph.

Asyouwatchvideo,fillincirclemapwithimportantinforma=onabouttheauthor’sbackground.

Usethefollowingparagraphframe:_______canbedescribedas______.Hewasborn________andspentmostofhislife________.While________,hebecameinterestedin________.Addi=onally,________________.Hiswri=ngaBemptsto______________by_______________.

MarkTwain

Rhetorical Devices or Persuasive Strategies

LOGICAL APPEALS a.k.a. LOGOS

EMOTIONAL APPEALS a.k.a. PATHOS

ETHICAL APPEALS a.k.a. ETHOS

Using facts and logic to convince audience.

Using emotions to convince the audience.

Establish credibility and appeal to your readers’

ethics and/or moral values.

For example:

A snickers bar is 280 calories. 4 out 5 doctors agree that eating one

daily is not very healthy.

For example:

Your donation will help this puppy find a safe

loving home and have a chance at a bright future.

For example:

Believe me, I have been through your struggle and I know what it is like to be

unemployed.

TERMS:DefineSa:re&IronySa:reuseshumortocri=quepeople,tradi=ons,and/orins=tu=onswiththeinten:onofimprovingorchangingthem.

SATIRICALTECHNIQUES:1.   EXAGGERATION,oversta=ngsomethingtomakeit

lookridiculous.2.   HYPERBOLE:OutrageousExaggera=on3.IRONY:Sta=ngtheoppositeofwhatisreallymeant.4.UNDERSTATEMENT:Sayinglessthanwhatisreallymeantwithironicpurposes.

Whatisbeingsa:rized?Theideathat________isbeingsa.rizedby

showing/depic.ng/illustra.ng____________.Whatisironicabouttheimage?

Theimageisironicbecause________.

ASa:ricalandIronicTakeonSocialDarwinism

Whatisbeingsa:rized?Theideathat________isbeingsa.rizedbyshowing/

depic.ng/illustra.ng____________.Whatisironicabouttheimage?

Theimageisironicbecause________.

Beforeyouread…1stread•  NumbertheParagraphs.•  Lookatthe=tleanduseyourbackgroundknowledgetopredictwhathewillbearguinginthisessay.

•  Quick-Read:3minutes– Skimthroughthear=cleandcircleKEYwordsthatseemtobeimportanttowhathewillbearguingorcommunica=ng.

Asyouread…2ndreadUnderlinephraseswhichhelpyouanswerthefollowing:

•  Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwri=ngthisspeech?Inotherwords,whatishetryingtoaccomplish?

•  Whatishiscentralclaimorargumentaboutjus=ce?

•  HowdoesheuseSATIRE&IRONYtoaccomplishhispurposeandcommunicatehisargument?

THIRDread:MARGINALIA

Explainyourannota=onsalongthemargins:*Iden=fyandSummarizeMainIdeas:i.e.Thisexplainsthat___.✔ Evidenceusedtosupportargument:

i.e.Thisdemonstrates/illustrates/conveys.? Clarifyques=onsandconfusion:i.e.Idon’tunderstand____.Whatdoes___mean?Iwonderwhy____.

A"eryouread…•  Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwri=ngthisessay?Inotherwords,whatishetryingtoaccomplish?

•  Whatishiscentralclaimorargument?Simple:Thetextarguesthat____________.Sufficient:Accordingto______,____________.Sophis:cated:Intheessay,“________,”_____asserts/proposes/claims_______________.

SATIREANDIRONY

Whatisbeingsa:rized?Theideathat________isbeingsa.rizedbyshowing/depic.ng/illustra.ng____________.

WhatisironicabouttheTEXT?TheTEXTisironicbecause________.

COMPLETESOAPSTEMPLATETOIDENTIFYAUTHOR’SPURPOSE&CONTEXT