The Late Middle Ages

Public Turmoil Personal Piety

Overview

England is at war with FranceMany men claim papacy at one timeRenaissance beginsBlack Death

Disaster for Europe and the Church

1347 arrival of the Bubonic Plague1/3 of Europe’s population was wiped outPriest Fled Or ministered Quickly ordained more

People’s reaction Devoutly turned to God Desperate wickedness Superstition Scapegoats in Jews

As you enter the outskirts of town you see…What problems would your group face? What fears do you have to live with?Presuming that you manage to survive, how would this experience affect your view of life?

Hundred Years War

France and England are at war over territoryNational identity grows

Be Ready for Death

The Imitation of ChristThomas à KempisEmphasizes unexpected deathRelationship with Jesus and love for Jesus are most importantWe should be ready for death at any moment

Trouble for the Papacy

1303: pope arrestedNationalism1305: Frenchman elected Clement V 1309: moved papacy to Avignon,

France Appointed French cardinals Suit French kings

1309-1377: 7 French Popes

Why not Avignon?

Lavish corrupt lifestyles Peter was bishop of Rome-Aligned with the French causePlague as a sign of God’s displeasure with the papacy

Bringing the Papacy Home

Gregory XI Spent much time thinking about returning to

Rome

Catherine of Siena 1376 visited the pope While in prayer, perceived God wanted pope

back in Rome Wrote letters Strong forceful personality Helped mediate for nobles and generals

1377 Pope returned to Rome

Important because…

People in Europe needed to be reassured by pope’s presence in Rome Only in Rome could the pope bring peace between England and France and the warring Italian cities

Make a list of your fears or things that cause you stress

What are the top 6 fears or sources of stress for teenagers?

What difference does a personal relationship with Jesus make in responding to those fears and causes of stress?

Catherine’s personal relationship with Jesus gave her the courage to speak frankly with the Pope.The language of fear is not the voice of God. God is love and perfect love casts out all fear. The language of God is always the language of love and courage.

Let us pray together

Lord our God, you gave Saint Catherine of Siena the courage to speak the truth. Give us your Holy Spirit. May your Holy Spirit help us in times of fear and stress to always do what is right, speak what is true, and do what is loving. We ask this through your Son, Jesus the Lord. Amen

Do Later:

Catherine wrote letters to Gregory to try to convince him to overcome his fears and listen to the will of God.Write a letter to yourself. In your letter write about how you think that God wants you to respond to each of you fears.Or…pretend you are Catherine write a letter to Gregory XI encouraging him to return to Rome

The Great Papal Schism

Urban VI selected as pope Compromise candidate Rome rioted for Italian pope

French Cardinals respond He is not real pope because they only

elected him out of fear Elected another pope, Clement VII Avignon, France

Urban excommunicates ClementClement returns the favorChurch and papacy in turmoil

Church council Elect a new pope No one else wants to give up papacy Now three popes

Martin V, Roman Elected in 1417 and the schism ended

Developed Conciliarism General church councils have the authority

over the Church and the Pope

National and monarchical power continued to grow

Ferdinand and Isabella Spain Spanish Inquisition begins Targeted Jews and Muslims Pope protested cruelty Papal power was weak in the face of

strong monarchs

Renaissance- “Rebirth”

Popes as patrons of the Arts Paid artists to do projects Michelangelo and Botticelli Vatican Library St. Peter’s Bascillica

The Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg 1456 first large book produced Literacy increased

Pre-Renaissance Art

Renaissance Art

Humanism The emphasis on the importance of this

world and on making human life more fulfilling by way of the classical arts and literature and through scientific inventions

Distorted humanism Popes with double lives Led lives with excessive pleasure Alexander VI-6 children Leadership of the church was teetering on

crisis

Worship of Everyday People

Countryside Bells at noon and 6:00 pm Mass every Sunday

Towns Developing merchants and craftsman Put on religious plays Took part in liturgies

Eucharist Transubstantiation: real presence of

Christ in the Eucharist Great sense of reverence, rarely

received Benediction, gazing at the host Never allowed to drink from the cup Church council mandated receiving the

Eucharist and going to confession once a year

Laity separated from priest by a screen during massPriest said mass with his back to the peopleEmpty MassesSaid in Latin

Devotion to Mary, saints and relicsIndulgencesRevival of meditation and prayer

Call for Church Reform

John Wycliffe 1370’s-priest in England All church property should be

confiscated Bible is the sold source of belief Denied doctrine of Transubstantiation

John Hus Czech priest and reader of Wycliffe’s

writings People should receive under both forms Czech people looked up to him Defended beliefs at chruch council

Same council that ended the Great Papal Schism He refused to recant his beliefs

1415 burned at the stake

Discovering a New World

1400’s Explorations1484 Franciscans began preaching in Africa1492 Christopher Columbus sails to a New WorldNationalism: Smaller independent states

People and Accomplishments

Calls for Reform

Everyday People

Renaissance

Papal Problems

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