THE INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION

WHY BRITAIN?WHY BRITAIN?

Good labour supply. Better farming technology. Middle class passed laws

to increase business. Surplus of capital. Science improved technology. Transportation networks. Raw materials.

Iron & coal. Colonies.

Good labour supply. Better farming technology. Middle class passed laws

to increase business. Surplus of capital. Science improved technology. Transportation networks. Raw materials.

Iron & coal. Colonies.

THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONTHE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONENCLOSURE - Poor farmers were kicked off land as land became more valuable for sheep and larger farms.

aka ‘Clearances’

COMMONS LAND - became private and farmers had nowhere to graze livestock.

FARMING became a business & NOT a way of life.

NEW BREEDS - produced more meat, thicker wool, hardier.

Gloucester Old Spot Pig

Enclosure produced labourers

Commons Lands

THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONNEW CROPS & TECHNOLOGIES

THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONNEW CROPS & TECHNOLOGIES

=>JETHRO TULL’SSeed Drill - faster,less waste, plowed, fewer workers, planted in rows.Broadcasting

MEDIEVALTHREE FIELD

SYSTEM(fallow crop)

=>IND. REVOLUTION

FOUR FIELDSYSTEM(no fallow)

=>Turnip => BarleyGrasses wheat

=>

RESULT - As farming improved population increased and diets improved. This provided the necessary labour force needed for the Industrial Revolution to occur.- France and other nations remained “backward.”

Results: - Uses less water. - Produces greater

yields. Carrots = 46%>

- Requires less pesticides. - More disease resistant. - Requires less fertilizer. - Restored rare orchids.

Results: - Uses less water. - Produces greater

yields. Carrots = 46%>

- Requires less pesticides. - More disease resistant. - Requires less fertilizer. - Restored rare orchids.

2013 - ENERGIZED WATER FERTILIZERWave goodbye to global warming, GM and pesticides

Radio wave-treated water could change agriculture as we know it. Its Irish pioneers meet Tom Prendeville

A GROUNDBREAKING new Irish technology which could be the greatest breakthrough in agriculture since the plough is set to change the face of modern farming forever.

Could this have a greater effect than the seed drill? 3 field system?

ECONOMIC REVOLUTIONECONOMIC REVOLUTION Entrepreneurs.

A person who takes risks to runs a business.

Middle Class - earned $ Only the wealthy could sit in gov’t.

Franchise. The right to vote. Only the wealthy & no women.

Two political parties. Tories - rich landowners. Whigs - middle class businessmen.

Entrepreneurs. A person who takes risks to runs a

business. Middle Class - earned $ Only the wealthy could sit in gov’t.

Franchise. The right to vote. Only the wealthy & no women.

Two political parties. Tories - rich landowners. Whigs - middle class businessmen.

LAISSEZ-FAIRE - Economic policy that discouraged gov’t regulation. “Let it Be.” - Often hurt the common labourer => wages, conditions, living conditions, etc.

The Entrepreneur

The Workers

THE TEXTILE INDUSTRYTHE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

SPINNING JENNYSpun the yarn needed for the Flying Shuttle

FLYING SHUTTLE Used for weaving cloth.

John Kay

James Hargreaves

New inventions made inventors a fortune and would completelychange society.

Everything once done by hand was now being

completed mechanically.

OTHER INVENTIONSOTHER INVENTIONS

WATER FRAMEWay to spin yarn

With rollers. Faster than The Spinning Jenny

Richard Arkwright

THE MULECombined the Water Frame

And the Spinning Jenny

STEAM MACHINEOriginally used to take water

out of the mines.

Samuel Compton

James Watt

IRON AND COALIRON AND COALAbraham Darby - invented a process to create cast iron. - Coke is used to create iron. - Coke comes from coal => coal

mining boomed.

Coal was also used to heat homes.

- working conditions were harsh.- wages were low- many died from Black Lung.

TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION ROADS

Had to find a way to improve on the old medieval ‘mud tracks’. Turnpike system

built roads and charged tolls. James Macadam -

3 layers of graded stone. Still used today.

CANALS By 1800, 4000km of canals had been built.

RAILWAYS 1829 George & Robert Stevenson used a steam engine to build ‘The Rocket”

Train = 39 km / hr. Train became most important means of transportation.

ROADS Had to find a way to improve on the old medieval ‘mud tracks’. Turnpike system

built roads and charged tolls. James Macadam -

3 layers of graded stone. Still used today.

CANALS By 1800, 4000km of canals had been built.

RAILWAYS 1829 George & Robert Stevenson used a steam engine to build ‘The Rocket”

Train = 39 km / hr. Train became most important means of transportation.

THE FACTORY SYSTEMTHE FACTORY SYSTEM

THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM- rural & family oriented.- quality varied.- income supplemented

lifestyle.- poorly paid.- many weavers lowered prices => supply &

demand.

=>

THE FACTORY SYSTEM- urban- faster & cheaper- consistent quality- living conditions ???- poor working conditions- required large spaces and power sources.- poor wages.- child labour

Factories would give rise to ‘The Factory Acts’ & Unions.

SOCIETY AND CULTURESOCIETY AND CULTURE The Class System

Upper-class Middle-class/Working-Class

Dr., Engineer, Lawyer, etc. Lower Middle Class

Stores, Teachers, Offices, etc. Working Class

Skilled, Unskilled, Casual Labourers.

The Class System Upper-class Middle-class/Working-Class

Dr., Engineer, Lawyer, etc. Lower Middle Class

Stores, Teachers, Offices, etc. Working Class

Skilled, Unskilled, Casual Labourers.