The Industrial Revolution Class Lecture 01

7/31/2019 The Industrial Revolution Class Lecture 01

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FirstSpinning

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An ancient Greek or Roman would have beenjust as comfortable in Europe in 1700 becausedaily life was not much different agriculture

and technology were not much changed in2000+ years

The Industrial Revolution changed human lifedrastically

More was created in the last 250+ years than inthe previous 2500+ years of known humanhistory


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The Industrial Revolution was a fundamentalchange in the way goods were produced, fromhuman labor to machines

The more efficient means of production andsubsequent higher levels of productiontriggered far-reaching changes toindustrialized societies


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Machines were invented which replaced humanlabor

New energy sources were developed to power

the new machinery water, steam, electricity,oil (gas, kerosene)

Some historians place advances in atomic, solar, andwind energy at the later stages of the Industrial

Revolution

Increased use of metals and minerals

Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.


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Mass production of goods Increased numbers of goods Increased diversity of goods produced

Development of factory system of production

Rural-to-urban migration People left farms to work in cities

Development of capitalism Financial capital for continued industrial growth

Development and growth of new socio-economic classes

Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class Commitment to research and development

Investments in new technologies Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention, the

sciences, and overall industrial growth


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Commercial Revolution

15th, 16th, and 17th centuries

Europeans expanded their power worldwide

Increased geographic knowledge Colonies in the Americas and Asia

Increased trade and commerce

Guild system could not meet the demands of

increasing numbers goods


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Scientific Revolution 17th and 18th centuries

Discoveries of Boyle, Lavoisier, Newton, etc.

Intellectual Revolution 17th and 18th centuries

Writings of Locke, Voltaire, etc.

Atmosphere of discovery and free intellectualinquiry Greater knowledge of the world Weakened superstition and tradition

Encouraged learning and the search for better and newerways of doing things


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That Nation of Shopkeepers!-- Napoleon Bonaparte


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James Watts Steam Engine


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Steam Tractor


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Steam Ship


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1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

1880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners

1914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners

Coal Mining in Britain:

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Expansion of world trade

Factory system

Mass production of goods

Industrial capitalism

Increased standard of living

Unemployment

EconomicChanges

Decline of landed aristocracy

Growth and expansion of democracy

Increased government involvement in society

Increased power of industrialized nations

Nationalism and imperialism stimulated

Rise to power of businesspeople

PoliticalChanges

Development and growth of cities

Improved status and earning power of women

Increase in leisure time

Population increases

Problems economic insecurity, increased deadliness of war, urban slums, etc.

Science and research stimulated

SocialChanges

Documents

The Industrial Revolution Class Lecture 01