Vol. 3.

HERE SHALL THE PRESS THE PEOPLE'S RIGHTS MAINTAIN, UNAWED BY ' PLUENCE AND UNBRIBED BY GAIN.

Vancouver, Washington Territory, Thursday, September 6\ 1877* No.

The Independentla Published every Thuraday.

W. BrBO» Daniels, Editor und Proprietor.

Terms of Subscription:Per annmn, when paid in advance $ 3 80Ifnot paid before the expiration of six

months 8 80Six month*, when paid in advance 1 M

Rates of Advertising.One square, ten lines or less, fu st inser-

tion.... *« (w >

Each subsequent insertion per square.. 1 00

Advertisements inserted three months orlonger periods at liberal rates by special con-tract.

Legal notices will b« charged to the attorneyor oilieer authorizing their Insertion.

Advertisements sent from a distance, andtransient notices, must be accompanied by theMnil.

Notices of births, marriages and deaths in-serted free ofcharge.

Newspaper decisions.1. Any person who takes a paper regularly

from tile post-office, whether directed In bu

name or another's, or whether he has BUb-

scribed or not?is responsible lor payment.

2. If a person orders Ins paper dl ? mtluued,he must pay all arrears, or the p' »her maj

continue to send it until payment - made, audthen collect the whole amount, another thipaper is taken from the office or not.

a. The courts have decided that retelling to

take newspapers and periodical*) from Che post

otflce, or removing and leaving them urnfor, is prima facia evidence of Intentioiiaifraud.

JOSEPH H. MjETCHEK,

Attorney and Counsellor At Law.

OfhVo up stairs in Bohns «fc Bchucle's bu I.

tug Main street. Vancouver, W. T.

J-Vf* PsHseuhur attention given to convej

niu-ing and the examination of land titles.

W. BYRON DANIELS,

Attorney At Law and Notary Public.

Rooms at the 1 s UKi'Kn ocN r Office, VaUCOU-vcr, W. T.

Particular attention given to convey-

ancing and the examination of land titles,

M. FLI N .N, 31. 1).,

Physician and Surgeon.

Office one door W< ll from the Drue Store.

Residence on Reserve street, between 4thand sth streets.

\jg~ Calls promptly answered day or night

Portland and Vancouver racket.

The Steamer

VANCOUVER,Ja». T. (J ray, ktast er.

TTTILL MAKE DAILY TIlIl'S BETWEENIT Vancouver ami Portland, Sundays ex-

cepted, l.cavr Vniieoiucr at H a. m., return-ing, leave Portland at U i\ M., from Uiold-eatlth'S CentrKl Wharf, foot of Aider street.

For freight or passage apply on board.

JOB PRINTING.The undersigned having purchased tin-

printing material of J OA. A. ('. Brant, tr* pre-pared to do all kinds of plain ami >>i nairn utalwork at the lowest SSah rates.

Otflee at Judge Gluder'i residence, South-went corner Main and SaVSnUI atreets, \ .n.couver, \V. T.

=\u25a0»All ord«f» Uft with me *iilrtcaiv* prompt *tt««t>on, .loiui ii. GlasWr.

Select SchoolFOR

GIRLS.Win A. lioomia, Principal! and Teacher

o EnglUh, Latin ami Flench.

Mrs. M. E. Nicholson, Teacher ol Mv

ale.

Rates of Tuition:(Per Ke»-iun of t< ii »" ks j

Primary Department #*» <*iHigher EiitflUh g W)Latin, (extra) iWFrt-in b, (extra) '\u25a0'>'*'

Instrumental Mumc M dOUrn of Piano ~ «o

Application m»y be made lo MU» Loonn , sithe Rot lory

The Planet Mare.

The fiery red star which has beenshining so brilliantly in the eastern skyof late, is the planet Mars. Its com-paritively close proximity to the earthis at present attracting the attention ofastronomers all over the world. TheOregonian of a recent date has an in-teresting article on the subject Thesubjoined selections therefrpm willdoubtless be of interest to the averagereader.

During the nights of many Weeksp as t, theplam t Mars has been the most conspicuousobject in the sky, of course excepting ourmoon. ThoM who have watched its app< ar-ance must have noled that it shines week byweek with Increasing brilliancy. The earth,moving on an inner line and with greater ve-locity, has been rapidly Hearing it. On thesth of September the two planets will beBearer each other than since 17'js. The-dis-tance will then lie about thirty-five millionsof miles. Excepting our moon. Mars is nowour nearest neighbor, lint after the dateabovegiven, the earth, having passed Mais,will move rapidly away, and within a yearthe distance between the two bodies will beincreased to two hundred and fifty millionsof miles.

The plane of Mars' orbit is slightly in-clined to thai ofthe orbit ot the earth, a (actwhich accounts tor tome <>f the apparent pe-culiarities of tin* movement* <>!' the formerplanet< Best calculations make the greatestmd least distances of the oar h from I he sun,respectively, 93, ItKaOOOand '.n>. 1 lO.Ooon.iles,a distance something last than that of the es-timates accepted prior to recent observati ins

up >n the transit of Venus. The greatestami least distances of Mars from the sun are152,ttt0,000 and 120,620,000 miles, which

shows that the orbit of this plahel is consid-erably more elliptioal than that of our c; rth.rhe Martial year is <!s7 of onr days. Theplanet's diameter was formerly ostrimated atf,a(M) miles; but the reduced estimates of theinn's distance will bring it within probably1,000 miles, or just about halt that ot theearth. The rotation period of Mars is 24tours and .'>7 minutes. His surface is on -

fourth of his volume* about one-eight that ofuur globe. With a good telescope the snowstbout his poles are plainly h en, and eventhe periodic changes in the dimensions otthese two white caps cap be traced. A largepart of the surfaoe of tlje planet appeari to

be covered with water, ami it is abeolutsl}certain that the vapor of water axista islarge quantities in tin- atmosphere. Obser-vations with the spectroscope -\u25a0\u25a0 »em to provethat tin- ruddy color in Mars is not due t"

rhe* effects of the planet's atmosphere. Proc-tor is decidedly of opinion thai it is due, ath ;i-t m parti 11 tin- nature of the planet'ssoil. Tiie seas and lands of Mars appear toba well distributed over his surface, so thatthere is a great deal of coast hue. Some pidie mm seem to In- narrow and flask-shaped,and perhaps the uatinns have their Botp irus

and uibraltar to contend shout Tin planetin regular suooessioo exhibits numerous ap-pearances corresponding t«i changes wellknown to he taking place, regularly upon ourearth.

fcfari dm always been snppoMd a moon-Urn planet. 1 >ut tlu- disco v> ry of \u25a0 hood is

just ißnoumd by Prof. Hail, at Urn nivalobservatory at Washington, ami the fact itexciting no little intciistamoiii; a Mioiioiii'raOn the night ot the ltith of August beßOticeda very small star following Mars a few see

omls, ami made an c-timato of its distancefrom tin planet. Two boon later he was

surprised to lind that the distance bad net

increased, though the planet was movingawiy at the rate of fifteen seconds an boot.Estimating the distanOS of the satellite from

the planet, a Mttgh caleul.ition was made ofthe time it should reappear. It was invisi-

ble when the gnat nisuuuieiit WM again di-rected that way; hat ti ie to predi tion, it

sgaia appeared mar the tune calculated, vtended, as some of the observers asserted, bya still smaller companion satellite. This la-:is, however, an yet considered unci rt.ua

Hut sjoiantintl authorities say there is nodoabt of the lliaoetrtllT ot one MOB, the pe-no I ot w hose revolution about the planet is

c.-tlimited at thirty hours. It can be sen

only by putting Mars, which is very bright,out of'the held of the isles sops. The us-

tancc of this satellite from the plaint is only11,000 or 15,000 miles, which is much lew

than that in any other instance known Thediameter is wry small, and can scarcely ex-

ceed .">OO miles. N>> full account of tin .!,

sanations hM y>t been pnblistsad, bat thesweat is ranked m asnong the greatest tele-scopic dis. e\srias the praaenf century.

Where the Turkish Pashas to mmFrom.

[jCondon Truth.}A talo is told of KMQfI Kng'lish offl-

eers at Constantinople, \\ In >, wishingnil engagement under the Turkisht iovei unieiit, wen taken I>y dragonem

ami Uitorpretow before some greatPaths The Pasha, binding soiree dif-ficulty in conversing with the inter-preter. Mid, "Suppose we talk I _

lish. I onnte from QuM Oirland. andwju* horn in Connauglit." I believetwo-thirds ol* the Turkish Pa-has are

collections from every country in tieworld.

The Yukon River Fisheries.

[Duljy Aatorian.]

Ferdinand Westdahl, referring to anarticle respecting the fisheries of thenorth, corrects an impression that seemsto exist in the minds of many on thesubject of Alaska. The idea of utiliz-ing some of the many old steamers onthis coast as floating canneries may bepracticable in a great many places onthe coast of Alaska, hut not for theSfukon river. He says:

The mouths of that river are betweenthe latitudes of 61" 30' and 63", inBehrings Se.u Toe nearest safe an-chorage is near the island of St. Mich-.?els, in Norton Sound, 40 miles fromthe northern mouth of the river, nonebut flat-bottomed, and light draft scowsor steamers ran enter tin- river. [thus

an extensive delta, composed of tivemouths in 90 miles of coast, and a vcs-

Bel approaching the coast from seawardwill have less than four fathoms of Wa-

ter when out of sight of land. The an-chorage at St. Michaels is safe only forvessels drawing not more than ten feetof water and communications are nowbad with the native "umiaks" (skinboat) or flat-boats built by the fur-trad-ers that, live up there in tic AlaskaCommercial Cos trudiug post. Twen-ty-live miles of open coast must lietraveled before the nearest mouth i-;

reached, and very frequently the trailboats are swamped and the contentslost Hut once in t'ae river there i.

g sod deep water enough to float thelargest ships and plenty to spare. Thewriter traveled up that river in thefirst and only steamboat ever broughtthere, ay small stern-wheeler fifty feetlong, brought tip on the deck efa brig,and we towed two large flat-boats 1,300miles from its mouth to Fort Yukon,

mcc ing v. ith no ebstrttetfcma exceptBtvong current and during the follow-ing winter I went up $00 miles further,and saw nothing that would prevent itsnavigation so tar. It is an immenceriver, which may be inferred front thejad that 1,000 miles from its mouth it

is over five miles in width, owing, how-ever, to its breaking through a chain oflulls juit below that point

A- to the quantity, and especiallythe-quality of Sainton Caught in thatriver. I am sure it will exceed the mostsanguine expectations of the Columbiarivor fishermen. I have seen acresupon acres of salmon hung uptodry Intin- fishing season, caught by the crudemethods of the oativas. The river iafrOSen over from tie- latter part of Oc-tol i r to the latter part of May and theseason's product of canning would not,

therefore, with the present slow modeof transportation, he brought to marketlintill the follow in:* year. AUeit sixtymile- south of the Yukon is the mouthof the Keekykwin river, a smallerstream about 300 miles in length hutvery prolific in salmon and equally in-accessible. By uoiug to Sitka to reachthe Yukon river, you would hut travi 1.'>()() miles out of your direct way, whichi> through the Ouassjeak Pass,and thenbe only about 200 miles nearer yourdestination in actual distance.

Respectfully!Feanivaxn Wkstdahl.

Vol i m:i-.i; I Koe. ? People fromthe Kast. when tii-\u25a0 v hear us talkat- it rniunteer crops, do not knowwhat we mean. For the benefit olinch, we explain that it means thegathering of two crops of wheat intwo years from the same ground, as

the result ofone plowing and seeding.Such crops are common here and the[field is frequently quite large. Thissummer. W in. G. Nuttall. who liveson the east half of the northwest quar-ter, section Id, township 6 north.range 36, harvested 44 aoree of volun-teer wheat. The product was 150bushels of line wheat. At the sametime he harvested id acres of fallwheat, and realised] 991 buaheliWeUla H'<f//<f Union.

The Can Can, a disreputable troupe

uun li i.s VUUUiig tin* northern conn

try, made it* appearance in Portia.ellast WrCftk, hill OOutd not pet a hall to

exhibit in.

Southern Repudiation.

The Georgia (Jonvention has decid-ed by a nearly unanimous^'ot< ?166to 15 ? that it w illnot alluw the b< aidswhich it alleges to be fravßuleut to hosubmitted to a court, it had alreadyrefused to receive an argument pre-pared for the bondholders by thevenerable Jere Black, or to hear averbal statement from the Democraticex-Senator Norwood. In a questionof the pocket, political prejudices arenot allowed to interfere. And whenOX-Gov. .1 en kins proposed simply thatthe validity of the bonds hi' submit-ted to a Democratic court, withoutthe right of appeal, Mr. Rob< rlToombs fought the suggestion withsuccess. His main argument againstthe bondholders was an impudentone, and was that the State Govern-ment which issued them was forcedupon Georgia by bayonets, and thatthe State was not hound to recognizeany of its acts. I[e pr< ifessed himselfwilling- t.i provide for paying any ofthe bonds fur which the State receivedany consideration, though lie saidnothing as to how even that fact wasto he ascertain, d. The bonds thusrepudiated are about $8,000,000 inamount. They have never been de-clared fraudulent or illegal hv thecourts of the State. They haw- sim-ply been condemned by the ,J .evi-da-ture. and afterward by a popular vote.This last act of the convention finallydisposes of them. It is. of course,naked repudiation and rascality.They call it in Georgia "nailing thecoffin of Tadical reconstruction, hutil will he found that the good nameof Georgia lies in the grave.? .\\icYork Tim s. \

Shady.?The other day a big able-bodied man drove a six-horse teamthrough Main street drawing threewagons loaded with grain. Therewas nothing shady about this. Theshade was under a log umbrella heldover the head of the driver by a Chi-naman seated behind him. OurGrangers tire getting delicate overtheir big crops and good prices.?Walla WaSa Union,

'i ll;4 Vancouver Charge.

The Pacific Christian Advocate con-tains the following from Mr. and Mrs.Stuhhs:

The ('onferenee year draws to a close,and harmony and good trill Btfevailwithin our bonier. We have been fa-vored with uninterrupted health.Preaching services have been ; 1 I everyS h day, and we have » .d good< ations juid generally marked

id attention to t.'ie minirtn <>tWord. Tii.' general torn ol the

( i i and society swmw to U> some-what in advance of past days. Threeof our members have died in the faith;nine have ten hjgdetter, and ski havebeen baptized.

Through she efficient IftbdM of tin"Ladies Mite Society the passonage hasbeen painted ami popfsrod, uu I consulerabls now furniture has been added,together involving an outlay of aeardyone hundred dollars. The ehuivh buil-ding has been shingle 1, an I \u25a0 & w fnr-mice arrangement has Ihhui placed inthe bt emetit. The lot has o*Bo partsally fessDtsl in and graded, sltogiaboet two hundred dollar* improvessents hare been made. The Qbnfereiiee Collections show very gre.it a i

vainv. Total last year, Sll.H). thepresent year ?,? v '«.»">. Altogether considere I, while wo not having aceouip!i«.lu«d more, we "thank <;( >i andtake i-oiirago." Here is a clear, ami |good held, and kind peeptS roadl toweloonia tin- l*r*»acher that may l>o »p- jpointed at the, Uoafarenoe to be h i igSeattle Aug. btk

*Xk« Lore rptKaeth let Urn earth c ?Tlie Lord relgllPtli let tile ea: .tit:< B

Our grateful acknowledgements )U|( j

mil ere thanks are herein lender**! toour auflaersfe* friends at t h<r% fieriiseiLuid to our friends aj Astoria for theirwords of cheer, and deeds of kindnessand love. Very truly your *m J ..

l;. >. MrBBS,

M I in itm

The Statue ol* Liberty EnJHew YorkHarbor.

Hons. Augusts Bartholdi, one of thegreatest of modern sculptors, has l>eenappointed by the French government to

huild a grand Statue of Liberty in NowYork harbor. The statue willcombinetin- idea of liberty with a hint of the

ocean andan allusion to trade. Bed*loos' Island has been designated as the

site. T. c pedestal uj»on which theS batue is to stand willhe 1 10 feet high,

tin- statue from the foot, to I he flame ofthe torch wi'l be 145 feet high, which,allowing L'O feet for the height of theisland, w illmala; tin; torch, which is to

lie held in the upward stretched handof tin' statue, at least '27 "t feet abovethe level of the hay. The statue is to

represent the Goddess of Liberty, hold-ing aloft a torch to enlighten the world.At night it is proposed that a halo ofjets of light shall radiate from the tem-

ples of tin.- enormous Goddess, and per-haps the flame of the torch may he

fashioned in crystal, in order that itmay catch tiie light of the sun by day,and at night form a glowing object il-luminated by ele tricity. This magnif-icent piece "f sculpture and architecturewill, when completed, he the most at-

tractive statue in the United States,am! tin- handsomest ornament in New-York harbor.

Mrs. Dtjniwmy gives Rot. Beecher a

hit us follows:Mr. Beecber recently delivered a scr

moo to working people, bj arhseh be advised them to live on a dollar a day.Si'cli connsel, from a man who reoeivestens of thousands annually, for less la-bor than th t performed by the lowliesthod carrier or brakensan in the laud, i»nut only til-timed, but impudent. Weadvise t ids eminent follower of the meekand lowly Ifan of Nazareth to "cell allthat he his* for one entire year, excepta dollar a day. and "give to the | oor."Then, having c;.>t the beam from hisown eye, he will see clearly to extractthe mote from the eve of hi.s brother.

The total value of property in KingCounty this year is £1,998,827 of which11,254,948 is for real aetata and $710,-

- persona] property. A fallingoff of $1.17,- M.»l from the assessment ofIS7O. The fnUtUgenoer commentingon tids ays:

This fa an sisrasing dnsrrriaitrtrn, hutit looks as if some of our heavy tax

payers had beenon .?» target excursion

and indulged themselves by swearingat a mark.

I English legislators have been in'the babil ofpointing; to the filibuster

i ing and reuutant all-night sessions atJV\ eahiugton as proofs of impe r feet

! position! civilisation. They have readi the newspaper Eg fills' Of thcSQstrange American customs withamasbment, not unmixed with pity.Now tbey know liow it is themselves.

; A few determined Iiashmen, smarting;j under a sense of unfair treatment,have, for days and weeks, set the

: House of CotnflKMM at defiance, andsii . e,v! iU v Idor ked h gishition. Thehard words hurled at them l»v theirangry rxdleagues and by the London

j newspapers have made no impression.In l ii-del to o\ rei uiie t !n-ni, the HouseLas Ih-mui reduced to the humiliatingnecessity ot altering its ntini;- andthere is ;i painful Chsubt w lsafJßw* t hey

This d»**d M tween

her Maj «;-\eTiiuir*rir herMai s» \\ <

" isi: 11,.- V< jwjJielm-\ iug majority of tie ! one

hand, ami a handful <«| irj&k«*«W"-''*si.ep «»u mii vl I.'

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«. ? L^u.ii.;'.squie»?».,., ? rf!l if*rVfe tr

?i > :h a 1 1. m. U ji#s I ?

m ill 1* -»' ?» ' "i

to bt- MM