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The Iliad and the Trojan War
The Iliad
The Iliad starts nine years into the Trojan War
The Trojan War took place in Troy which is in the northwest corner of what we now call the Republic of Turkey
Many things had to happen to get this big war under way
wwp.greenwichmeantime.com
The Start of it All…
Three generations of misery and bloodshed started because a wedding planner failed to invite an important goddess…
Peleus and Thetis’ Wedding
Peleus was a mortal man.
Thetis was a sea nymph and the daughter of Zeus.
Peleus had been on many adventures and had already been married, but things went sour when he accidentally killed his father-in-law.
He saw Thetis, fell in love with her, and tried to kidnap her.
She managed to fight him off with a snake until he eventually won her over.
“It is not without some god’s assistance that you conquer” (Thetis to Peleus in Ovid’s Metamorphosis)
The Big
Affair –
Peleus and
Thetis’
Wedding
With Zeus’ consent, all the famous
mortals, gods, and goddess attended
Eris, the goddess of strife was not invited
Eris was insulted and snuck into the
wedding reception…
A Golden Apple
Eris tossed a golden apple onto the dance floor.
On the apple were the words, “To the fairest.”
The golden apple was a serious party killer. Who was the most beautiful?
To the fairest
Deadwhitemales.net
Who is the fairest of them all?
The competition was between:
Athena – Zeus’ daughter and a real daddy’s girl
Hera – Zeus’ wife and Queen of the Gods
Aphrodite – The Goddess of Love
They asked Zeus, as the King of the Gods, to award the prize, but he was no fool…
The Judgment of Paris
Zeus gave the task to Paris, son of Priam, the King
of Troy.
Zeus knew that Troy was fated to be destroyed
because of an old run-in with Apollo and
Poseidon.
Paris was the “torch to set the whole city on fire.”
www.mythencyclopedia.com
Paris’ Ill-fated Choice
Athena offered him
victory in war
Hera offered him
power over nations
Aphrodite offered
him the most
beautiful woman in
the world
What would you
choose?homepage.mac.com
Helen of Troy
Paris accepted Aphrodite’s offer
He then learned that the most beautiful girl in the world was ALREADY MARRIED
She was Helen, daughter of Leda and Zeus
She was married to Menelaus, king of Sparta
www.search.com
The Kidnapping of Helen
Paris already had a wife named Oenone who warned him not to go through with the kidnapping
He didn’t listen
He sailed off to Sparta to be guest at the palace of Menelaus
www.mlahanas.com
The Kidnapping of Helen
Troy was already
doomed before this
whole incident
Zeus was the
“Protector of
Hospitality”
Kidnapping your host’s
wife isn’t exactly
hospitable
If Troy wasn’t in
trouble before, they
certainly were now!
In Sparta, Paris either
forcefully carried Helen
away from Troy or he
seduced her and she left
with him on her own
www.waltm.net
Troy in Trouble
When Menelaus
discovered that his wife
was kidnapped, he ran to
his big brother
Agamemnon who agreed
to get help wage war to get
Helen back
Helen is known as the
“face that launched a
thousand ships”library.thinkquest.org
Clever Odysseus!Odysseus tried to get out of joining Agamemnon and Menelaus in their fight for Helen by pretending to be crazy.
Thetis (whose wedding started all this) tried to get her son Achilles out of fighting, too.
users.adelphia.net
The Sacrifice of Iphigenia
Agamemnon sent a message to his wife, Clytemnestra, saying that he had arranged for Iphigenia to marry Achilles in Aulis, but when she arrived on her wedding day, her father sacrificed her on the altar like an animal.
Agamemnon finally got his army together, but they couldn’t set sail against strong winds on the Aegean Sea.
The prophet Calchas told him that the winds were from Artemis, and to appease Artemis, Agamemnon would have to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia
blogs.warwick.ac.uk
Now the War Can Begin!
The Beginning
The Trojan War
was waged,
according to legend,
against the city of
Troy in Asia Minor ,
by the armies of the
Achaeans after
Paris of Troy stole
Helen from her
husband Menelaus,
king of Sparta.
First Nine Years of War
The first nine years of the war consisted of both war in Troy and war against the neighboring regions.
The Greeks realized that Troy was being supplied by its neighboring kingdoms.
As well as destroying Trojan economy, these battles let the Greeks gather a large amount of resources and other spoils of war, including women.
FNYW Con.
The Greeks won many
important battles.
Trojan hero Hector fell,
and the Trojan ally
Penthesilea.
However, the Greeks
could not break down
the walls of Troy.
Patroclus was killed
and, Achilles was felled
by Paris.
Helenus Ideas to Win Against
Troy
Pyrrhus, Achilles' son, fought in the war.
The bow and arrows of Hercules were used by the Greeks against the Trojans.
The remains of Pelops, the famous Eleian hero, were brought to Troy.
The Palladium, a statue of Athena, was stolen from Troy
These were all done some way or another.
The Trojan Horse Still seeking to gain entrance into Troy, clever Odysseus, ordered a large wooden horse to be built. Its insides were to be hollow so that soldiers could hide within it.
Built by the artist Epeius.
Trojans celebrated what they thought was their victory, and dragged the wooden horse into Troy.
After most of Troy was asleep or in a drunken state, Sinon let the Greek warriors out from
After the War After the war, Polyxena, daughter of Priam, and Astyanax, son of Hector, was sacrificed at the tomb of Achilles signifying the end of the war.
The surviving Trojan women were divided among the Greek men along with the other needs/ wants.
The Greeks then set sail for home, which proved as difficult and took as much time as the Trojan War itself.
Images Used:
“Map of Turkey” http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/europe/turkey/map.htm 14 June 2007
“Peleus and Thetis” http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/M/Erika.D.Mitchell-Deluca-1/PeleusandThetis.html 14 June 2007
“Phoenix Art Museum” (Wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Joachim Wtewael, 1602) http://www.phxart.org/pastexhibitions/copper.asp
14 June 2007
“Dead White Males” http://deadwhitemales.net/?p=53 14 June 2007
“Fruit in Mythology” http://www.mythencyclopedia.com/Fi-Go/Fruit-in-Mythology.html 14 June 2007
“Paris, Greek Mythology Link” http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/000Images/pim/parisjudgement1125.JPG 14 June 2007
“Trojan War” http://www.crystalinks.com/trojanwar.html 14 June 2007
“Helen information” (Helen of Troy by Evelyn De Morgan) http://www.search.com/reference/Helen 14 June 2007
“Helen of Troy” http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/Helen.html 14 June 2007
“Troy” http://www.waltm.net/troy.htm 14 June 2007
“Book 4” http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/00018/Cosmic%20Odyssey/synopsis/book4.html 14 June 2007
“The Penelope Tradition” http://mkatz.web.wesleyan.edu/Penelope/stamnos.jpg 14 June 2007
“Themes from the Iliad and Ovid Metamorphosis” http://users.adelphia.net/~bnbhelm/project2/Achilles%20hiding.jpg
14 June 2007
“The Green Flower Gang – The University of Warwick” http://blogs.warwick.ac.uk/jackcole/ 14 June 2007
“Discovery Channel” (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2006/08/28/homer_his_zoom0.html?category=human&guid=20060828100030 14 June 2007