The Head Office of Banco de Portugal Renovation and Restoration

Banco de PortugalAv. Almirante Reis, 711150-012 Lisboa

www.bportugal.pt

Publisher Administrative Services Department Documentation, Editing and Museum Division Facility and Property Management Division Office of the Governor Institutional Communications Office

Design, printing and distribution Administrative Services Department Editing and Publishing Service

Lisboa, June 2015

Print run 500

ISBN 978-989-678-352-5

Legal Deposit no. 394871/15

The Head Office of Banco de Portugal

Renovation and Restoration

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Contents3 Project timeline

5 The renovation and restoration of the head office of Banco de Portugal Reasons behind the renovation

7 Tender Awarding the tender

8 Structures Structural project

11 Architecture Architectural project

12 Restoration Recuperation of the former Church of São Julião

15 King Dinis’ Wall Conservation of national heritage site King Dinis’ Wall and creation of its museum

16 Museum Installation of the Money Museum in the former Church of São Julião

19 Archaeology

20 History of the building

23 The head office project in numbers

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! Timeline of the project

2004 | Banco de Portugal restarts analysis of the work needed to reinforce the head office’s structure, to comply with the Eurocodes on earthquake resistance and energy efficiency, with fire safety legislation and with implementation of preventive measures for floods and hurricanes.

2006 Sep. | The Commission for the Redevelopment of Baixa/Chiado proposes to Banco de Portugal to include its head office in the development of the integrated financial centre in Baixa. The Bank shows its openness to adding the future installation of the Money Museum in the former Church of São Julião to its renovation plans.

2007 Jan. | Launch of the selection process of the architecture company for the renovation and restoration of the head office and former Church of São Julião.

2007 Sep. | Project initiated, awarded to Gonçalo Byrne Architects.

2008 Jan. | Delivery of Prior Information Request to Lisbon City Hall (CML).

2008 Mar. | Presentation of the project to the Mayor of Lisbon.

2008 Apr. | Under the collaboration protocol between IGESPAR, DGCLVT and CML, the latter presents Banco de Portugal with its opinion on the studies carried out to-date.

Presentation to CML of the Architecture Permit Project.

2008 Nov. | CML issues approval of the Architecture Permit Project.

2008 Dec. | Presentation to CML of the Technical Projects.

2009 Apr. | Launch of the selection process of the building company for the renovation and restoration.

2009 Jul. | Approval by CML of the Technical Projects.

2009 Dec. | Award of the global renovation and restoration work to HCI.

2010 Feb. | The Bank’s services are relocated from the head office to the Portugal Building.

2010 Mar. | Consignment of the work.

2010 Jul. | Confirmation by IGESPAR of the existence of King Dinis’ Wall in the subsoil of the inner yard. Demolition of the wall was declared impossible due to its national heritage status, and all construction work at the site was halted while a solution was found to incorporate it in the project.

2010 Aug. | Discovery of part of the early apse of the high altar. IGESPAR orders a halt to work and conservation of discovered items, due to their status as notable archaeological finds.

2010 Dec. | IGESPAR allows project alterations and authorises the resumption of work.

2012 Aug. | Work completed.

2012 Sep. and Oct. | Reoccupation of the building.

2015 | Opening of the Museum.

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Topographical map of the city of Lisbon

following the new alignment of architects

Eugénio dos Santos and Carlos Mardel (1758)

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The renovation and restoration of the head office of Banco de PortugalReasons behind the renovation

At the beginning of the 21st century, Banco de Portugal restarts the history of its head office in Rua do Comércio and brings safety and functionality features to its service areas. At the same time, the Bank offers the community the Money Museum, an open cultural space within the former Church of São Julião.

The built area of the block housing the Banco de Portugal head office is the result of the progressive integration of a set of eight buildings and the former Church of São Julião, which the Bank acquired between 1868 and 1933. Although the façade suggests a homogeneous whole, the successive alte-rations to the interior of the buildings, arising from the Bank’s evolving functional needs and subse-quent integration of the different properties, led to a progressive structural weakness in the building, warranting urgent intervention.

The solution of a structural recuperation came about after it was recognised that proceeding on the basis of temporary, sectoral solutions was becoming untenable.

The decision to renovate and restore the head office building of Banco de Portugal was made in 2007, taking various needs into account that were included in the project:

• The general renovation of the building, including its structural reinforcement;

• Compliance with Eurocodes in terms of earthquake resistance and fire protection;

• The adoption of various safety devices and emergency exits;

• The optimisation of the building’s energy solutions;

• The installation of the Bank’s Money Museum.

! Redevelopment of Baixa/Chiado

The installation of the Bank’s Museum is part of Lisbon City Hall’s revitalisation of Baixa-Chiado.

In September 2006, the Commission for the Redevelopment of Baixa/Chiado proposed the development of the integrated financial centre located there – of which the head office of Banco de Portugal is part – as an impor-tant contribution to the redevelopment of that area. That involved retaining the decision-making centres of the financial institutions headquartered in Baixa-Chiado, and creating areas for the public, such as spaces for art exhibitions and other cultural spaces.

In this regard, the Bank showed its openness to adding the future installation of the Money Museum in the former Church of São Julião to its plans for renovating and restoring the head office building.

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Greatly deteriorated

wooden beam support

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TenderAwarding the tender

The construction work tender for the renovation and restoration of Banco de Portugal’s head office was allocated through the restricted procedure, in observation of the Portuguese Public Procurement Law. The Bank invited nine companies to take part in the tender. The winning bidder was chosen on the lowest-price criterion.

This tender mechanism was chosen because the contracts and the pre-contractual procedures for the work on Banco de Portugal’s head office were deemed to be secret for the purposes of Article 24 (1) of the CCP.

The reasons behind that decision relate to the premises in question being used for central bank acti-vities, safekeeping of valuables and support to the distribution of cash in the banking system. By their nature, these activities are subject to security and confidentiality criteria that must be safeguarded.

! Project Fiche

Architectural Project: Arquitetos Gonçalo Byrne e Falcão de Campos

Structures and Foundations Project: A2P, coordinated by Engineers João and Vasco Appleton

Water Supply and Waste Water Project: Grade Ribeiro

Electrical Installation Project: Joule

Mechanical Installation Project: Galvão Teles

Security Installation Project: Joule

Construction: HCI, Construções

Safety equipment: Gunnebo and Omnistal

Restoration: CaCo3, coordinated by Teresa Silveira

Archaeology: Arquehoje, coordinated by Artur Rocha

! Investment amount for the period 2007-2013

Projects: EUR 1,990,000 + VAT

Construction: EUR 19,840,000 + VAT

Additional work: EUR 990,000 + VAT

Safety equipment: EUR 2,130,000 + VAT

Legal price updates: EUR 850,000 + VAT

Permits, Surveys, Tests, Inspections and Health and Safety: EUR 750,000 + VAT

Costs arising from the discovery of King Dinis’ Wall and the apse of the early high altar: EUR 1,380,000 + VAT

Museum: EUR 6,000,000 + VAT (forecast)

Total: EUR 33,930,000 + VAT

NB: The contracts for the execution of the project are available on the Public Contracts website (base.gov.pt)

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StructuresStructural project

The renovation and restoration of the head office of Banco de Portugal is one of the most important urban recuperation engineering projects undertaken in Baixa Pombalina. Over the 150 years or so of existence of the buildings comprising the Bank’s head office, work was successively undertaken that profoundly changed the structural philosophy and undermined the logic of a three-dimensional arran-gement afforded by the original façade structures. With the structural reinforcement now complete, the building is prepared to resist an earthquake similar to that of 1 November 1755.

The structural project, by A2P, was one of the key intervention areas, especially given the structural weakness of the buildings, which would jeopardise the safety of people and property in a catastrophe situation.

Diagnostic

The data collection and diagnostic based on structural surveying, designs and building plans in the Bank’s possession showed that:

• The buildings were very different in terms of structure, requiring a project with a high level of heterogeneity in terms of types of intervention;

• In two of the buildings, the roof space and the floor immediately below were suspended from the roof structure, held by metal beams instead of pillars. The absence of pillars allowed for larger rooms, but constituted a risk;

• In the event of a medium-intensity earthquake (level 7 on the Richter scale), the areas with greater risk of collapse would be the building that flanks the Board Room, the Bell Tower and the façade of the Church of São Julião, which would fall outwards.

Intervention

After the diagnostic, the project team defined an action plan to make the buildings compatible with the Eurocodes on earthquake resistance. This intervention ensures that in terms of safety of people and property, the buildings are as compliant with Eurocode 8 (the international code regulating earth-quake-resistant structures) as new buildings. Specifically, the following interventions were under-taken:

Bell Tower

Transverse metal beams were installed and structural elements were created connecting to the adjacent buildings. After this reinforcement, the lower part of the tower was removed to make room for the Money Museum lift.

“Sacrificed” buildings

These are two buildings flanking the Church, on the north and south transepts, whose job is to anchor the rest of the building. “Sacrificed” means that they were demolished and rebuilt, retai-ning only the façade. Making use of this construction, a reinforced concrete core was created on microstakes. Various technical hubs were housed in these buildings: the climate control, uninter-ruptible power supply, fire and safety plants. They also accommodate the main stairs linking the various floors and work as evacuation routes to the emergency exits.

Wall reinforcement

The stone boundary walls of the former church and other buildings were strengthened with reinforced mortar plates laid on microstakes, forming a mixed confining hoop, complying with Eurocode 8.

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Structural model representing the elements

of the façade at greater risk of collapse in case

of medium-intensity earthquake (yellow)

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CORTE LONGITUDINAL PELA NAVE LATERAL SUL

Longitudinal section

through the south transept

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ArchitectureArchitectural project

The church was included in the block of ad- ministrative buildings as a continuation, such that the neighbouring volumes and architectural elements (friezes, etc.) were extended. The other visible change to the building’s exterior on the side of the former church is the removal of the railings, allowing access for reduced mobility individuals. The limestone pillars marking the external private space were preserved, empha-sising the building’s participation in the urban space.

One of the project’s assumptions was to limit intervention in the existing administrative areas. A series of conference and meeting rooms were created in the building with different capacities and characteristics. Simultaneous translation booths were installed in the Assembly Room, where press conferences are normally held. Various security devices were installed, the emergency exits were reorganised and the building’s energy solutions were optimised in the intervention.

An auditorium holding 100 people will also operate in the former Church of São Julião, where the Money Museum will be installed. The auditorium will be equipped for conferences, events, film presenta-tions or small performances. The whole nave of the former church will also be able to hold temporary exhibitions and other initiatives forming part of the Museum’s programming.

CORTE LONGITUDINAL PELA NAVE LATERAL SUL

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RestorationRecuperation of the former Church of São Julião

The successive work undertaken last century in the former Church of São Julião compromised its morphology and damaged the facings of its high-quality stonework. Banco de Portugal wished to restore the harmony and beauty of the space, respecting the historical finds discovered during the course of the work.

The level of damage to the church’s interior created numerous challenges for the restoration team. Damage was found in the internal walls of the side chapels and high altar, requiring significant recu-peration of the original stonework. Other damage was found elsewhere in the stonework: cracks, signs of wear and missing material.

Restoration phases

The restoration team used dry cleaning, wet cleaning, chemical and even mechanical cleaning processes, including vibroincisors and micro-abrasion. The stonework of the church’s nave was deep-cleaned. In the areas with murals, where there were traces of the original paintwork, the pain-ting was restored (using watercolour), and where there were extensive gaps, the joints were filled with coloured restoration mortar. Some architectural elements, like the 72 balusters, were treated off-site, firstly undergoing CAD reconstitution. Thereafter they were disinfected and consolidated (by infilling the gaps), cracks were repaired and the painting work restored.

Discovery of the high altar

After demolishing the old vaults, remains of high altar were salvaged from the early Church of São Julião, which had burned in 1816. These remains were restored and are a point of interSest for future visitors to the Museum.

Removal of numbers from the stones

In the 1970s, the church was to be moved to a new location. Every stone of its walls was therefore numbered in sequence, to allow reconstruction of the building in a new place. The removal eventually did not go ahead due to political change, but the numbers remained written on the stones. For this reason, one of the most complicated processes undertaken by the restoration team was the removal of the ink of around 1800 numbers, using solvents (organic paint-stripper).

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Detail of painting under restoration

Apse of the early

high altar

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King Dinis’ WallConservation of national heritage site King Dinis’ Wall and creation of its museum

During the renovation and restoration work of the head office and the excavations, a significant section of King Dinis’ Wall was identified in the building’s subsoil. Built to protect the population from attacks coming from the river Tagus, the wall also had the purpose of stabilising the area, in the form of a dyke, so that land could be reclaimed from the river.

As a result of the classification of the find as a national monument and its historical interest for the city and the country, Banco de Portugal decided to create a museum for it, creating an Interpretation Centre, thereby safekeeping, valuing, promoting and creating a system that offers access to the monument for all visitors.

The purpose of this Centre is to facilitate interpretation of the archaeological evidence and finds that put the section of the city wall in context, bringing various narratives together in the exhibition – those of a King, a city wall, a historical becoming and the every-day life of a medieval city – in a rigorous, educational and captivating way.

View of King Dinis’ Wall Museum Construction contract for King Dinis’ Wall, 1294

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MuseumInstallation of the Money Museum in the former Church of São Julião

The Money Museum of Banco de Portugal will be installed within the former Church of São Julião, sche-duled to open in 2015. The museum will present the theme of money, its history and its relationship with society and the individual. Develo-ped by the communication designer Francisco Providência, the museo-graphy is based on topic areas that span the theme of money, presen-ting coin and banknote collections, along with objects and multimedia virtual devices. The central theme is revealed through different approa-ches: the pre-monetary currency, money around the world, the history of money over the centuries, the ma- nufacture of banknotes and coins, personal accounts of the role of money on modern life, etc.

The topic areas are spread around the side chapels of the former Church of São Julião, on four floors. The museum will offer the visitor a truly interactive experience, presenting the Bank’s collection through an un-conventional approach, based on innovative technology, on creating surprising environments and on the participation of the visitor in building knowledge.

The Money Museum makes a prio-rity of targeting various audiences via its educational and cultural pro-gramming; specifically its program-me has strong links with the com-munity, aiming also to incentivise lo-cal projects, education and training, partnerships and the new national artistic creation.

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M

ea (240 Reais) | King Manuel I (1495-1521) | Goa Mint | Gold

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Virtual images |

Scale Model of the Money Museum

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Pombaline stake

underpinning

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3D reconstruction |

Amphora

The door, weighing around seven tonnes, is in the wall between the nave of the former Church of São Julião and the Money Museum.

The vault door is a key feature of the museum, crea-ting a symbolic link between the space – the nave of the church – and the theme of the museum – Money. This door was in the old vault, where the country’s gold reserves were kept for many years. The door was made by the American company York Safe & Lock and purchased by the Bank in 1932. This company was famous at the start of the 20th century for the quality of the safes that it produced and exported, but suffered huge losses in the Great Depression. During the Second World War it remained active, making heavy weaponry. In the 1940s it ceased operations.

! Vault door

ArchaeologyIn 2010, a team led by the archaeologist Artur Rocha launched the archaeology project with excava-tions, which reached various depths (up to six metres), in the area of the former church and in some of the head office building’s accessible areas. Various finds of historical interest were discovered:

Modern-day level: One of the most iconic discoveries, even though it was expected, was the Pombaline stake underpinning, located especially in the foundations and load-bearing walls of the “sacrificed” buildings (and also in the church). This underpinning (comprising stakes forming a grid) is from the reconstitution work of the Baixa area after the 1755 earthquake.

Medieval level: The main find from the medieval level is the section of King Dinis’ Wall, beside which were found traces of party walls and flooring of built houses.

Roman level: Spoil of substantial historical interest was collected, including shards of amphorae (jars for transporting foodstuffs). Analysing their origin (some with potter’s marks) and contents may give information on products traded and on Lisbon’s importance in the trade routes of the era.

Necropolis

Various interments were found in the former church’s nave and north and south transepts, dating from the first half of the 19th century, lacking spacial logic in regard to gender or social condition. No gravestones were found and only some of the remains were buried in coffins. A number of ossua-ries were also found, one of which held 63 individuals, and another 43 (the latter containing some complete skeletons, possibly indicating a mass grave, probably the result of an epidemic).

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History of the Building

From international trade and financial hub in the 16th century to head office of the issuing bank at the end of the 19th century, the location of Banco de Portugal’s head office has been an area of great commercial and financial activity for centuries.

In the 16th century, Lisbon was one of the world’s most important commercial centres, from which goods from India, Africa and the Americas were channelled to the European markets. Terreiro do Paço square thus became one of the focal points of social and political life in Lisbon and was linked to the interior of the city through the little arches in the old walled boundary open along the north flank of the square. One of these arches provided direct access to Rua Nova dos Mercadores, also known as Rua dos Ferros, the most important, busiest street and the true economic and financial centre of the city, which today corresponds to Rua do Comércio. This long, colourful and bustling street was flanked by porticoed galleries and housed shops and trading establishments. There were various moneychangers in Rua Nova dos Mercadores. The National Mint was located in the same street, occupying part of where Banco de Portugal’s head office is today.

However, Banco de Portugal spent the first quarter of the century in rented accommodation, in a part of Lisbon City Hall to be precise, for which it paid the sum of 1,418$250 réis in 1862. On the night of 19 November 1863, a devastating fire destroyed a large part of the City Hall. As an emergency solution, Banco de Portugal moved into the part of the City Hall that had escaped devastation.

Having failed in its attempt to remain in the same place after the reconstruction work, the Bank decided to purchase adequate, independent accommodation nearby.

Thus began the effort to find a new home for the Bank, which then had 41 members of staff and aimed to remain located at the heart of the commercial and financial centre, near Praça do Comércio square. In the end, two neighbouring buildings located in Rua do Ouro, nos. 17 to 37, were chosen, on the corner of Rua Nova D’El-Rei (today Rua do Comércio), nos. 142 to 148, and Rua de São Julião, nos. 155 to 161, belonging to the Councillor José Joaquim Reis e Vasconcelos, a renowned Portuguese politician and friend of the Duke of Palmela and writer and politician Alexandre Hercu-lano. The deed of 11 September 1868 shows the price was set at 50 contos de réis in cash and 24 five-share securities in Banco de Portugal, valued at 10,800$000 réis.

The buildings comprised shops and residential property, and at the time of the sale housed 12 commercial and six residential tenants. The refurbishment work, carried out by Miguel Evaristo da Silva Pinto, was considerable and took around a year and a half, costing almost as much as the building, at 45,464$942 réis. They produced total floor space of 420 square metres, and the move took place on 28 March 1870. However, the solution was not definitive.

As the Bank faced increasing pressure on space, it progressively added to the head office building’s size by buying the neighbouring buildings. In 1887, it bought the buildings at Rua de São Julião nos. 163 to 173, undertaking extension work until 1890, this time carried out by José António Gaspar.

It also acquired two further buildings in 1890, one in Rua de São Julião, the other in Rua Nova d’El--Rei, and, in 1907, the building that belonged to Banco Lisboa e Açores, located in the same street.

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Fragment of the current map of Lisbon superimposed on that of Lisbon before the 1755 earthquake. A. Vieira Silva

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In 1910, in order to have extra space for a possible expansion of its services, Banco de Portugal decided to buy the former Church of São Julião and its outbuildings and begin planning their imme-diate renovation. Negotiations between Banco de Portugal and the Archconfraternity of São Julião ran from 1910 to 1933 to complete the purchase.

Also in 1910, the architect Adães Bermudes presented a project for adapting and refurbishing the building, encompassing the entire block. This project was not adopted due to the protracted nego-tiations with the Archconfraternity.

On 7 June 1933, the purchase deed for the former church was signed between the Archconfrater-nity of São Julião and Banco de Portugal, for the sum of 10,000,000 escudos, making the Bank the sole owner of the entire block.

On 30 November 1938, the Bank submitted a draft project by the architect Porfírio Pardal Monteiro to the CML, to replace the various buildings making up the head office, the former Church of São Julião and its outbuildings with a single building. This covered the block enclosed by Rua do Ouro, Rua do Comércio, Rua de São Julião and Largo de São Julião. However, the request was not approved by the council.

Meanwhile, the Bank needed more and more space, due to the attribution of additional tasks leading to new needs.

Between 1965 and 1970, the Bank drafted two separate projects to redevelop this space:

• Extending upwards by a floor, which was approved by the CML on 3 December 1971;

• Development of the area occupied by the former church and its inclusion in a single building, approved by the CML in 1973, granting a demolition licence for the building on condition that the stone blocks be numbered beforehand, suggesting a possible reconstruction elsewhere.

3D reconstruction of the early Church of São

Julião, before the earthquake

Numbering the stones for the church’s planned transfer to a

new location, 1974

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This work, begun in the face of opposition to the destruction of the church, was suspended at the end of 1974 due to the CML’s new orientation after the 25 April revolution in Portugal.

Over all these years, while the succession of projects for an adequate head office occupying the whole block were developed, the Bank decided to use the spaces available for vaults, technical areas, offices and archives.

For decades, the former Church of São Julião functioned as the country’s main cash centre, allowing access by cash-in-transit vehicles.

The entire cash sorting and handling process took place in this group of buildings, gradually losing operational effectiveness as the quantity of currency in circulation and the demands of the sorting processes ramped up.

In the second half of the 1990s, after the Carregado Complex was built, the vaults and operations relating to safe deposits and cash recycling were transferred to this new space, custom-built for the purpose.

While a definitive decision over the use of the former Church was pending, it was provisionally put to use over the last few years for archives and storage, loading and unloading of materials and temporary parking.

! The Church of São Julião

In the 17th century, the Church of São Julião was not in its current position, but to the nor th of the Church of Nossa Senhora da Oliveira (at the junction of Rua de São Julião and Rua Augusta). After the destruction of the 1755 ear thquake, the church was rebuilt on land that had par tly been occupied by the Patriarchal Church of King Joao V, also razed to the ground in the catastrophe. The Patriarchal Church was one of the largest and most lavish churches in Lisbon at the star t of the 18th century. According to historical sources, it was adorned with gold from Brazil during the reign of King João V. This church faced south, contrary to tradition among churches of the time.

The rebuilding of the Church of São Julião was completed in 1810. Six years later, a fire destroyed the stonework and contents of the church, which had to undergo new reconstruction work, lasting until 1854. Stonework was used for the main chapel from that of the incomplete church of the collapsed Convent of São Francisco.

During the current work, wall sampling and excavations in the church were under taken to understand the methods and construction sequences in the church. This led to the discovery that materials had been reused.