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The Growth of the Nation 1800-1860. Election of 1800. John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson Adam lost by 8 votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running mate) tied House of Reps broke tie Hamilton didn’t like Burr Convinced Federalist to cast blank votes Jefferson won by two votes Importance - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THE GROWTH OF THE NATION1800-1860
ELECTION OF 1800 John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
Adam lost by 8 votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running mate) tied House of Reps broke tie Hamilton didn’t like Burr
Convinced Federalist to cast blank votes Jefferson won by two votes
Importance Showed flaw in Constitution 12th Amendment- electors cast separate ballots for President and Vice
President
JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM
1st Peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another
Philosophy People should control Government Small and simple best for people Smaller Military and Government Cut government Costs Eliminated Taxes
MARBURY VS. MADISON
Midnight Judges Adams filled courts with Federalist Judges before left office Letters not been delivered Jefferson told Madison not to deliver Marbury sued Madison for not delivering his letter
John Marshal-Chief Justice of Supreme Court Ruled Judiciary Act of 1789 which forced Madison to send
letter was Unconstitutional Why is this decision Important?
Judicial Review- ability of Supreme Court to declare law Unconstitutional
Checks and Balances- Judiciary co-equal branch of Govern.
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
1803 Napoleon sold to U.S. for $15 mil. Jefferson excepted offer
Not sure He had power to do so Doubled size of U.S.
$.03 per acre $390 Billion in 2003 dollars
Sent Louis and Clark to explore Watch American Stories
WAR OF 1812
Reasons for War France and Britain blockades
Stopped trade for U.S. British Impressment
Taking American Sailors and drafting them into British Navy
British Canadians giving Native Americans guns to fight Americans
WAR OF 1812
President James Madison asked Congress to approve War Military unprepared, no public support British worried about Napoleon not U.S.
1814- sacked Washington D.C.
Treaty Signed Dec. 24, 1814 Battle of New Orleans- Jan. 8th 1815
Andrew Jackson beat British Didn’t know Treaty had been signed
CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
End of Federalist Party- opposed to war Growth of American Industrialization Proved U.S. was free and Independent nation
NATIONALISM
Belief that national interest should be placed ahead of regional interests
James Monroe- 5th President Set Territories and Boundaries 1818 Northern Boundary
49th Parallel Joint occupation of Oregon with Britain
1819 Western Boundary Sabine River North to Arkansas River North to Pacific Ocean
MONROE DOCTRINE
Threat of European powers and Russia trying to gain land in North America
Warned all European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere U.S. would consider any power in West as a
threat to peace and safety of U.S. Promised U.S. would stay out of European affairs
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
North-Industrialization Shipping industry helped create manufacturing
industry Agricultural not as profitable
Specialized in one crop or livestock Bought all other supplies
Two forms of specialization supported each other
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
South- Agriculture Cotton Gin- cotton production profitable Expanded slave trade- need more laborers
Eli Whitney
THE “AMERICAN SYSTEM”
Proposed by Madison and Clay Plan to move U.S. toward Economic Independence
3 Main Points Establish protective tariffs- stop British
competition Re-charter National Bank- unified currency Develop Transportation system- easier travel
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
Missouri Slave State Maine Free State Louisiana Purchase divided at 36 30 N Lat.
South Slavery Legal North Slavery Banned
ELECTION OF 1824 John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson
Corrupt Bargain Henry Clay (Jackson’s Political enemy in same party) Made deal with JQ Adams Became Secretary of State
Split in Democratic-Republican Party Clay-National Republican Party Jackson- Democratic Party
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
Political Power for all classes Common people should participate Spoils System- new administrations hire their own
supporters to replace supporters of previous administration
Jackson gave political jobs to friends and allies
THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
Federal Government Provided funds to negotiate treaties with Native Americans to move west
Cherokee Nation fought Act Supreme Court ruled Act unconstitutional Jackson Ignored ruling and pushed Indians west
anyway
TRAIL OF TEARSFORCED MARCH FROM GEORGIA TO INDIAN TERRITORY
JACKSON’S BANK WAR
Tariff of 1816- taxes on imports reduced manufactured goods from Britain British bought less cotton from South Southerner mad because they were forced to buy
high priced Northern goods North getting rich off of the South Nullification- inoperative, not valid
States sovereign- power to declare Acts of congress unconstitutional
JACKSON’S BANK WAR
2nd Bank of U.S. Tried to decrease power Benefited wealthy not common man Took all Federal money out of Bank Became just another bank
DEALING WITH JACKSON’S LEGACY
Martin Van Buren Won with Jackson’s support Inherited Bank problem Federal Money had been put into “pet banks”
Banks loyal to democrats Printed money without gold or silver to back it Doomed to failure when withdrawals occurred
Panic of 1837 Banks wouldn’t accept paper money Businesses bankrupt 1/3 people lost jobs
DEALING WITH JACKSON’S LEGACY
William Henry Harrison- Whig Won election because Van Buren blamed form
weak economy Died 1 month into Presidency VP John Tyler became President
Former Democrat Stopped Whig reforms