EducationFrom 1800-1860

Presentation by Caley, Crystal, and Millie

Why Reform?

•Undeveloped schools•Increased Funding•Racial Discrimination•Gender Equality

Educational Problems

• Largest Problem- The teachers lacked training. The teachers were also unprepared. They acted more like babysitters than educators.

• Small overcrowded schoolhouses

• No desks

• Little to no teaching materials

Influential Reformers

• Noah Webster

• William McGuffey

• Horace Mann

• Henry Barnard

These men all shared one goal. They all wanted to educate America’s youth as well as possible.

Noah Webster• Unhappy with

crowded American Schools

• Preferred American textbooks

• Wrote First American Dictionary

• Considered an American Hero for all his accomplishments

William McGuffey• Compiler of the

McGuffey Eclectic Series (a series of elementary readers placed in Western schools)

• His series greatly influenced American minds.

• The 120 million copies sold affected people from all walks of life.

Horace Mann• “Father of American Public

School Education”• Edited the “Common School

Journal”• Wrote 12 famous annual

reports• Secretary of the Massachusetts

Commission to improve education (Later to become the State Board of Education)

Believed- “No republic can endure unless its citizens are literate and educated.”

Henry Barnard• Secretary of the Connecticut

board of commissioners of common schools

• What did he do?1.School Inspections2.Recommended Textbooks 3.Organized teacher institutions and associations for parents and teachers.4.Helped establish additional

legislative measures on education

One of the leaders in the movement to reform common schools of America.

Racial Inequality in Education

• Earliest form was given by Christian missionaries

• Southern states opposed education of their slaves.

• Pennsylvania started the education of other races, which eventually led to integration of public schools.

Women and their Education

• In the early 1800s, women couldn’t continue their education after grammar school.

• “Academies” were created for women and by women who wanted equality with men.

• Oberlin College, the first college to admit men and women (blacks and whites), provided women with an opportunity to receive a higher education for the first time.

Influential Women • Mary Lyon

• Emma Willard

• Catharine Beecher

All together led the Female Seminary

Movement by starting schools

for women’s education.

Effects of the Education Movement

• Formation of improved American schools

• Integration of public schools• Establishment of new colleges• First American-made textbooks• Women’s Rights Movement• Enhanced learning for people of all

ages

Sources• http://www.123helpme.com/preview.asp?id=37730

• Divine, Robert. America- Past and Present. 8. New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007.\

• http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-BarnardH.html

• http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee501/mann.html

• http://www.phd.antioch.edu/Pages/horacemann

• http://www.lexrex.com/bios/nwebster.htm

• http://www.units.muohio.edu/mcguffeymuseum/mcguffey.html

• http://www.servintfree.net/~aidmn-ejournal/publications/2001-11/PublicEducationInTheUnitedStates.html

• http://www.answers.com/topic/william-holmes-mcguffey

• www.readingnaacp.org/book_education_19thcentury.html

• http://www.angelfire.com/ca/HistoryGals/Linda.html

• http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/Education/1800s.html

• Sniegoski, Stephen. The Department of Education. Chelsea House Publishers, 1988.