The Graphene Report 2020 › wp-content › uploads › 2020 › ...8 31 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES..... 365 (200 COMPANY PROFILES) 32 KEY GRAPHENE PLAYERS COMPETITIVE 33 EX34 OTHER

FUTURE MARKETS January 14 2020

TECHNOLOGY REPORT www.futuremarketsinc.com/category/all-reports/

The Graphene Report 2020

Table of contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................... 29

• 1.1 Why graphene?.................................................................................................................................. 30

• 1.2 The market in 2019............................................................................................................................ 35

• 1.3 Future global market outlook............................................................................................................. 36

• 1.4 Market opportunities in graphene...................................................................................................... 40

• 1.5 Global graphene production 2010-2020............................................................................................ 44

• 1.6 Estimated demand to 2030................................................................................................................ 46

• 1.7 Graphene market by region............................................................................................................... 48 o 1.7.1 Asia-Pacific...............................................................................................................................

48 o 1.7.2 North America...........................................................................................................................

52 o 1.7.3 Europe......................................................................................................................................

54 o 1.7.4 Rest of the world.......................................................................................................................

54

• 1.8 Graphene products............................................................................................................................ 55

• 1.9 Graphene investments....................................................................................................................... 58

• 1.10 Global government funding and support...................................................................................... 61

• 1.11 Graphene producers and production............................................................................................ 62

• 1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements........................................................................ 63

• 1.13 Graphene market challenges........................................................................................................ 67

2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE................................................................................................................ 71

• 2.1 History................................................................................................................................................ 71

• 2.2 Types of graphene............................................................................................................................. 72

• 2.3 Properties........................................................................................................................................... 73

• 2.4 3D Graphene..................................................................................................................................... 74

• 2.5 Graphene Quantum Dots.................................................................................................................. 74

3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 79

• 3.1 Large area graphene films................................................................................................................. 79

• 3.2 Graphene oxide flakes and graphene nanoplatelets........................................................................ 80

• 3.3 Production methods........................................................................................................................... 81 o 3.3.1 Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)..............................................................................................

83 o 3.3.2 Graphene oxide (GO)...............................................................................................................

84 o 3.3.3 Large-area graphene films.......................................................................................................

84

• 3.4 Quality................................................................................................................................................ 86

• 3.5 Assessment of graphene production methods.................................................................................. 87



© Future Markets, Inc. 2020 3

4 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS.................................................................................... 96

5 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 100

• 5.1 Commercial production capacities.................................................................................................. 103

• 5.2 Graphene oxide production capacities............................................................................................ 103 o 5.2.1 By producer............................................................................................................................

103 o 5.2.2 By region.................................................................................................................................

104

• 5.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities............................................................................... 105 o 5.3.1 By producer............................................................................................................................

105 o 5.3.2 Production capacity by region................................................................................................

106

• 5.4 CVD graphene film.......................................................................................................................... 107 o 5.4.1 By producer............................................................................................................................

108

• 5.5 Planned graphene capacities.......................................................................................................... 108

• 5.6 Mass production challenges............................................................................................................ 109

6 GRAPHENE PRICING......................................................................................................................... 111

• 6.1 Pristine Graphene Flakes pricing.................................................................................................... 112

• 6.2 Few-Layer Graphene pricing........................................................................................................... 113

• 6.3 Graphene Nanoplatelets pricing...................................................................................................... 114

• 6.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide pricing................................................................................................... 114

• 6.5 Graphene Quantum Dots pricing..................................................................................................... 115

• 6.6 Graphene Oxide Nanosheets pricing.............................................................................................. 116

• 6.7 Multilayer Graphene (MLG) pricing................................................................................................. 116

7 GRAPHENE IN BATTERIES............................................................................................................... 118

• 7.1 Market overview............................................................................................................................... 120

• 7.2 Market prospects............................................................................................................................. 120

• 7.3 Market assessment.......................................................................................................................... 121

• 7.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030.................................................................... 125

• 7.5 Product developers.......................................................................................................................... 128

8 GRAPHENE IN 3D PRINTING............................................................................................................ 130

• 8.1 Market overview............................................................................................................................... 130





9 GRAPHENE IN ADHESIVES.............................................................................................................. 136

FUTURE MARKETS December 10 2019



• 9.1 Market overview............................................................................................................................... 136





10 GRAPHENE IN AVIATION AND AEROSPACE................................................................................. 142

• 10.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 142

• 10.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 142

• 10.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 143

• 10.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 147

• 10.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 150

11 GRAPHENE IN AUTOMOTIVE........................................................................................................... 152

• 11.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 152





12 GRAPHENE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS......................................................................................... 163

• 12.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 163





13 GRAPHENE IN COMPOSITES........................................................................................................... 179

• 13.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 179

• 13.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts........................................................................................ 183 o 13.2.1 Market prospects....................................................................................................................

183 o 13.2.2 Market assessment................................................................................................................

184 o 13.2.3 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030...........................................................

186 ▪ 13.2.3.1 Thermosets...............................................................................................................

.... 186 ▪ 13.2.3.2 Thermoplastics..........................................................................................................

.... 186

• 13.3 Metal-matrix composites............................................................................................................. 187 o 13.3.1 Market assessment................................................................................................................

187 o 13.3.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030...........................................................

189





14 GRAPHENE IN ELECTRONICS......................................................................................................... 192

• 14.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 192



• 14.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2030........................................................................... 203


15 GRAPHENE IN CONDUCTIVE INKS.................................................................................................. 207

• 15.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 207





16 GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.......................................................... 218

• 16.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 218



• 16.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2030........................................................................... 223


17 GRAPHENE MEMORY DEVICES....................................................................................................... 228

• 17.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 228





18 GRAPHENE IN SUPERCAPACITORS............................................................................................... 235

• 18.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 235





19 GRAPHENE IN PHOTOVOLTAICS.................................................................................................... 244

• 19.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 245








20 GRAPHENE IN FUEL CELLS............................................................................................................. 252

• 20.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 253





21 GRAPHENE IN LIGHTING.................................................................................................................. 259

• 21.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 259





22 GRAPHENE IN OIL AND GAS............................................................................................................ 265

• 22.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 266





23 GRAPHENE IN FILTRATION.............................................................................................................. 276

• 23.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 279





24 GRAPHENE IN LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE............................................................................ 288

• 24.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 291





25 GRAPHENE IN LUBRICANTS............................................................................................................ 311

• 25.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 311








26 GRAPHENE IN RUBBER AND TIRES............................................................................................... 318

• 26.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 318





27 GRAPHENE IN SENSORS.................................................................................................................. 324

• 27.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 324





28 GRAPHENE IN SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL........................................................................ 334

• 28.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 338





29 GRAPHENE IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS................................................................................ 349

• 29.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 349


• 29.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 350 o 29.3.1 Cement...................................................................................................................................

350 o 29.3.2 Asphalt bitumen......................................................................................................................

351 o 29.3.3 Ultra-high-performance concrete...........................................................................................

351



30 GRAPHENE IN PHOTONICS.............................................................................................................. 355

• 30.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 355








31 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES.................................................................................................. 365 (200 COMPANY PROFILES)

32 KEY GRAPHENE PLAYERS COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS................................................................. 493

33 EX-PRODUCERS................................................................................................................................. 495

34 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS.................................................................................................................... 495

• 34.1 BOROPHENE............................................................................................................................. 498 o 34.1.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

498 o 34.1.2 Applications............................................................................................................................

499

• 34.2 PHOSPHORENE........................................................................................................................ 499 o 34.2.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

500 o 34.2.2 Applications............................................................................................................................

502 o 34.2.3 Market opportunity assessment.............................................................................................

505

• 34.3 GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4)................................................................................ 505 o 34.3.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

505 o 34.3.2 Synthesis................................................................................................................................

506 o 34.3.3 C2N..........................................................................................................................................

506 o 34.3.4 Applications............................................................................................................................


507

• 34.4 GERMANENE............................................................................................................................. 508 o 34.4.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

508 o 34.4.2 Applications............................................................................................................................

508 ▪

o 34.4.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 509

• 34.5 GRAPHDIYNE............................................................................................................................ 509 o 34.5.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

510 o 34.5.2 Applications............................................................................................................................


512

• 34.6 GRAPHANE................................................................................................................................ 512 o 34.6.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

513




o 34.6.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 513

o 34.6.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 513

• 34.7 HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE............................................................................................... 514 o 34.7.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

514 o 34.7.2 Applications............................................................................................................................


516

• 34.8 MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE (MoS2).......................................................................................... 517 o 34.8.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

517 o 34.8.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 51 o 34.8.3 Market opportunity assessment.............................................................................................

520

• 34.9 RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2).................................................... 521 o 34.9.1 Properties...............................................................................................................................

521 o 34.9.2 Applications............................................................................................................................


522

• 34.10 SILICENE.................................................................................................................................... 522 o 34.10.1 Properties...........................................................................................................................

523 o 34.10.2 Applications........................................................................................................................

523 o 34.10.3 Market opportunity assessment.........................................................................................

525

• 34.11 STANENE/TINENE..................................................................................................................... 525 o 34.11.1 Properties...........................................................................................................................

526 o 34.11.2 Applications........................................................................................................................


527

• 34.12 TUNGSTEN DISELENIDE.......................................................................................................... 527 o 34.12.1 Properties...........................................................................................................................

527 o 34.12.2 Applications........................................................................................................................


528

• 34.13 ANTIMONENE............................................................................................................................ 528 o 34.13.1 Properties...........................................................................................................................

529 o 34.13.2 Applications........................................................................................................................

529

• 34.14 DIAMENE.................................................................................................................................... 529




o 34.14.1 Properties........................................................................................................................... 529

o 34.14.2 Applications........................................................................................................................ 529

• 34.15 INDIUM SELENIDE.................................................................................................................... 529 o 34.15.1 Properties...........................................................................................................................

529 o 34.15.2 Applications........................................................................................................................

530

• 34.16 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GRAPHENE AND OTHER 2D MATERIALS......................... 530

35 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................... 532

36 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................... 538

Tables

Table 1: Market opportunity assessment for main graphene applications..................................................... 40

Table 2. Graphene target markets-Applications and potential addressable market size............................... 44

Table 3. Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030.......................................................................................... 46

Table 4: Consumer products incorporating graphene, by market.................................................................. 55

Table 5: Graphene investments and financial agreements............................................................................ 59

Table 6. Main graphene producers by country and annual production capacities 2020................................ 62

Table 7: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets.................................. 63

Table 8. Graphene market challenges............................................................................................................ 68

Table 9: Properties of graphene...................................................................................................................... 73

Table 10: Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs................................................................ 75

Table 11: Graphene quantum dot producers.................................................................................................. 78

Table 12: Large area graphene films-Markets, applications and current global market................................ 79

Table 13: Graphene oxide flakes/graphene nanoplatelets-Markets, applications and current global market. 80

Table 14: Main production methods for graphene.......................................................................................... 81




Table 15. Assessment of graphene production methods............................................................................... 88

Table 16: Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019................................................................ 97

Table 17: Leading graphene patentees........................................................................................................... 97

Table 18: Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030...................................................................................... 100

Table 19: Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2010-2018..................................................... 103

Table 20: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018............................................. 104

Table 21: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2018.............................................. 105

Table 22: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018.................................................. 106

Table 23: CVD graphene film capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2018/ 000s m2....................................... 108

Table 24: Planned graphene production capacities...................................................................................... 108

Table 25: Types of graphene and typical prices........................................................................................... 111

Table 26: Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer................................................................................ 113

Table 27: Few-layer graphene pricing by producer...................................................................................... 113

Table 28: Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer................................................................................ 114

Table 29: Reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer............................................................................. 115

Table 30: Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer................................................................................ 116

Table 31: Graphene oxide nanosheets pricing by producer......................................................................... 116

Table 32: Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer...................................................................................... 116

Table 33. Market overview for graphene in batteries.................................................................................... 120

Table 34. Scorecard for graphene in batteries.............................................................................................. 120

Table 35. Market and applications for graphene in batteries........................................................................ 121

Table 36: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030................................................................... 126

Table 37: Product developers in graphene batteries.................................................................................... 128

Table 38. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing................................................................................ 131




Table 39. Scorecard for graphene in 3D printing.......................................................................................... 131

Table 40. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................... 132

Table 41: Graphene properties relevant to application in 3D printing.......................................................... 133

Table 42: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 134

Table 43: Product developers in graphene 3D printing................................................................................. 135

Table 44. Market overview for graphene in adhesives................................................................................. 136

Table 45. Scorecard for graphene in adhesives........................................................................................... 136

Table 46. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives..................................................................... 137

Table 47: Graphene properties relevant to application in adhesives............................................................ 137

Table 48: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030................................................................ 140

Table 49: Product developers in graphene adhesives.................................................................................. 141

Table 50. Market overview for graphene in aviation and aerospace............................................................ 142

Table 51. Scorecard for graphene in aviation and aerospace...................................................................... 143

Table 52. Market and applications for graphene in aviation and aerospace................................................ 143

Table 53: Demand for graphene in aviation and aerospace (tons), 2018-2030........................................... 150

Table 54: Product developers in aviation and aerospace............................................................................. 150

Table 55. Market overview for graphene in automotive................................................................................ 152

Table 56. Scorecard for graphene in automotive.......................................................................................... 152

Table 57. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.................................................................... 153

Table 58: Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 160

Table 59: Product developers in the graphene automotive market.............................................................. 162

Table 60. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.................................................................. 163

Table 61. Scorecard for graphene in paints and coatings............................................................................ 163

Table 62. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings...................................................... 164




Table 63: Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2030................................................. 175

Table 64: Product developers in graphene paints and coatings................................................................... 176

Table 65. Market overview for graphene in composites............................................................................... 179

Table 66. Scorecard for graphene in composites......................................................................................... 180

Table 67: Graphene properties relevant to application in polymer composites........................................... 180

Table 68: Applications and benefits of graphene in composites.................................................................. 181

Table 69. Scorecard for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts................................................. 183

Table 70. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts......................................... 184

Table 71. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites.............................................. 187

Table 72. Global market for graphene in metal-matrix composites based on penetration forecasts 2018-2030, tons.......................................................................................................................................................... 189

Table 73: Product developers in graphene composites................................................................................ 190

Table 74. Market overview for graphene in electronics................................................................................ 192

Table 75. Scorecard for graphene in electronics.......................................................................................... 193

Table 76: Comparison of ITO replacements................................................................................................. 195

Table 77. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................... 196

Table 78: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors............................................................... 202

Table 79: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics, 2018-2030............................................................. 203

Table 80: Product developers in graphene-based electronics...................................................................... 205

Table 81. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks......................................................................... 207

Table 82. Scorecard for graphene in conductive inks................................................................................... 207

Table 83: Comparative properties of conductive inks................................................................................... 208

Table 84: Printable electronics products....................................................................................................... 209

Table 85. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks............................................................. 213




Table 86: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2027.......................................................... 215

Table 87: Product developers in graphene conductive inks......................................................................... 217

Table 88. Market overview for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits............................................ 218

Table 89. Scorecard for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits...................................................... 218

Table 90. Market and applications for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits................................ 219

Table 91: Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors........................................................ 222

Table 92: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2030..................................... 225

Table 93: Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits............................................. 226

Table 94. Market overview for graphene in memory devices....................................................................... 228

Table 95. Scorecard for graphene in memory devices................................................................................. 229

Table 96. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices........................................................... 229

Table 97: Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2030................................................................ 233

Table 98: Product developers in graphene memory devices........................................................................ 234

Table 99. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors........................................................................ 235

Table 100. Scorecard for graphene in supercapacitors................................................................................ 236

Table 101. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors.......................................................... 236

Table 102: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries........................ 238

Table 103: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030..................................................... 242

Table 104: Product developers in graphene supercapacitors...................................................................... 243

Table 105. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.......................................................................... 245

Table 106. Scorecard for graphene in photovoltaics.................................................................................... 246

Table 107. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics.............................................................. 246

Table 108: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030......................................................... 250

Table 109: Product developers in graphene solar........................................................................................ 251




Table 110. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.................................................................................. 254

Table 111. Scorecard for graphene in fuel cells........................................................................................... 254

Table 112. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells...................................................................... 254

Table 113: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030................................................................ 257

Table 114: Product developers in graphene fuel cells.................................................................................. 258

Table 115. Market overview for graphene in lighting.................................................................................... 259

Table 116. Scorecard for graphene in lighting.............................................................................................. 260

Table 117. Market and applications for graphene in lighting........................................................................ 260

Table 118: Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2030............................................................................. 263

Table 119: Product developers in graphene lighting..................................................................................... 264

Table 120. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas.............................................................................. 266

Table 121. Scorecard for graphene in oil and gas........................................................................................ 266

Table 122. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas.................................................................. 267

Table 123: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030............................................................. 274

Table 124: Product developers in graphene oil and gas.............................................................................. 275

Table 125. Market overview for graphene in filtration................................................................................... 279

Table 126. Scorecard for graphene in filtration............................................................................................. 280

Table 127. Market and applications for graphene in filtration....................................................................... 280

Table 128: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030.................................................................. 285

Table 129: Graphene companies in filtration................................................................................................ 285

Table 130. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine..................................................... 291

Table 131. Scorecard for graphene in 3D printing........................................................................................ 291

Table 132. Market and applications for graphene in life sciences and medicine......................................... 292

Table 133: Applications and benefits of graphene in life sciences and medical.......................................... 293




Table 134: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets.................. 307

Table 135: Potential addressable market for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets...................... 308

Table 136: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030...................................... 309

Table 137: Product developers in graphene life sciences and biomedicine................................................. 310

Table 138. Market overview for graphene in lubricants................................................................................ 311

Table 139. Scorecard for graphene in lubricants.......................................................................................... 312

Table 140. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants.................................................................... 312

Table 141. Nanomaterial lubricant products................................................................................................. 314

Table 142: Market size for graphene in lubricants........................................................................................ 315

Table 143: Potential addressable market for graphene in the lubricants market......................................... 316

Table 144: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in lubricants........................................................ 316

Table 145: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 316

Table 146: Product developers in graphene lubricants................................................................................. 317

Table 147. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tires...................................................................... 318

Table 148. Scorecard for graphene in rubber and tires................................................................................ 319

Table 149. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tires.......................................................... 319

Table 150: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030..................................................... 321

Table 151: Product developers in rubber and tires....................................................................................... 322

Table 152. Market overview for graphene in sensors................................................................................... 324

Table 153. Scorecard for graphene in sensors............................................................................................. 324

Table 154. Market and applications for graphene in sensors....................................................................... 325

Table 155: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030.................................................................. 332

Table 156: Product developers in graphene sensors................................................................................... 333

Table 157: Types of smart textiles................................................................................................................ 335




Table 158: Smart textile products.................................................................................................................. 336

Table 159. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel...................................................... 338

Table 160. Scorecard for graphene in smart textiles and apparel................................................................ 339

Table 161. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.......................................... 339

Table 162: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030................................................................... 346

Table 163: Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel...................................................... 347

Table 164. Market overview for graphene in construction............................................................................ 349

Table 165. Scorecard for graphene in construction...................................................................................... 350

Table 166. Graphene for cement.................................................................................................................. 350

Table 167. Graphene for asphalt bitumen..................................................................................................... 351

Table 168. Graphene for ultra-high-performance concrete.......................................................................... 351

Table 169: Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2030........................................................... 352

Table 170: Graphene product developers in construction............................................................................ 353

Table 171. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing.............................................................................. 356

Table 172. Scorecard for graphene in 3D printing........................................................................................ 356

Table 173. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................. 356

Table 174: Graphene properties relevant to application in optical modulators............................................ 359

Table 175: Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2030......................................................................... 362

Table 176: Product developers in graphene photonics................................................................................. 363

Table 177: Graphene producers and types produced.................................................................................. 365

Table 178: Graphene producers target market matrix.................................................................................. 369

Table 179: Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix........................................... 373

Table 180. Key graphene players competitive analysis................................................................................ 493

Table 184: 2D materials types....................................................................................................................... 495




Table 185: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2.......... 501

Table 186: Market opportunity assessment for phosphorene applications.................................................. 505

Table 187: Market opportunity assessment for graphitic carbon nitride applications................................... 507

Table 188: Market opportunity assessment for germanene applications..................................................... 509

Table 189: Market opportunity assessment for graphdiyne applications..................................................... 512

Table 190: Market opportunity assessment for graphane applications........................................................ 513

Table 191: Market opportunity assessment for hexagonal boron nitride applications................................. 516

Table 192: Market opportunity assessment for molybdenum disulfide applications.................................... 520

Table 193: Market opportunity assessment for Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2) applications............................................................................................................................................. 522

Table 194: Market opportunity assessment for silicene applications........................................................... 525

Table 195: Market opportunity assessment for stanine/tinene applications................................................. 527

Table 196: Market opportunity assessment for tungsten diselenide applications........................................ 528

Table 197: Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials.............................................. 530

Table 198: Categorization of nanomaterials................................................................................................. 537

Figures

Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2018. Figures based on market graphene producers sell to, including samples...................................................................................................................................... 32

Figure 2. Demand for graphene, 2010-2030................................................................................................... 47

Figure 3: Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2018............................................................................ 48

Figure 4: Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2030............................................................................ 49

Figure 5: Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2018.................................................................. 49

Figure 6: Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2030.................................................................. 50

Figure 7: Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2018.............................................................. 53




Figure 8: Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2030.............................................................. 53

Figure 9: Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2018......................................................................... 54

Figure 10: Vittoria bike tires incorporating graphene...................................................................................... 55

Figure 11: Global government funding for graphene in millions USD to 2018............................................... 61

Figure 12: Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2030....................................................................... 70

Figure 13: Graphene layer structure schematic.............................................................................................. 71

Figure 14: Graphite and graphene.................................................................................................................. 72

Figure 15: Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. ......................................... 73

Figure 16: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4)................................................... 76

Figure 17: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots................................................................................... 77

Figure 18: Graphene quantum dots................................................................................................................ 78

Figure 19: Fabrication methods of graphene.................................................................................................. 81

Figure 20: TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF............................................ 83

Figure 21: Graphene nanoribbons grown on germanium............................................................................... 86

Figure 22: Schematic illustration of the main graphene production method.................................................. 88

Figure 23: (a) Graphene powder production line in The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd.............................................................. 90

Figure 24: Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG................ 92

Figure 25: Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2018............................................................... 97

Figure 26: Demand for graphene, 2010-2030............................................................................................... 102

Figure 27: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018............................................ 105

Figure 28: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018................................................. 107

Figure 29: CVD Graphene on Cu Foil........................................................................................................... 107




Figure 30: The SkelStart Engine Start Module 2.0 based on the graphene-based SkelCap ultracapacitors. 119

Figure 31. Applications of graphene in batteries........................................................................................... 122

Figure 32: Graphene concept car.................................................................................................................. 125

Figure 33: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 127

Figure 34. Applications of graphene in 3D printing....................................................................................... 133

Figure 35: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030............................................................. 135

Figure 36: Graphene Adhesives.................................................................................................................... 137

Figure 37. Applications of graphene in adhesives........................................................................................ 138

Figure 38: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 140

Figure 39: Graphene aircraft......................................................................................................................... 144

Figure 40: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container.............................................................................. 145

Figure 41. Applications of graphene in aviation and aerospace................................................................... 146

Figure 42: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 150

Figure 43: Graphene-based automotive components................................................................................... 154

Figure 44: Supercar incorporating graphene................................................................................................ 155

Figure 45: Antistatic graphene tire................................................................................................................ 155

Figure 46. Applications of graphene in automotive....................................................................................... 157

Figure 47: Potential addressable market for graphene in the automotive sector......................................... 160

Figure 48: Demand for graphene in automotive(tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 161

Figure 49. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings......................................................................... 164

Figure 50: Heat transfer coating developed at MIT....................................................................................... 165

Figure 51: Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand..................................... 173

Figure 52: Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2030................................................ 176

Figure 53. Global marke for graphene thermosets 2018-2030, tons............................................................ 186




Figure 54. Potential market for graphene thermoplastics 2018-2030, tons.................................................. 186

Figure 55: Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application............................................................. 194

Figure 56: Flexible graphene touch screen................................................................................................... 194

Figure 57: Flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) using graphene electrode..................................... 195

Figure 58. Applications of graphene in electronics....................................................................................... 197

Figure 59: Demand for graphene in electronics, 2018-2030........................................................................ 204

Figure 60: Printed graphene conductive ink.................................................................................................. 210

Figure 61: Flexible RFID tag.......................................................................................................................... 210

Figure 62: Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink............................................................................... 211

Figure 63. Applications of graphene in conductive inks................................................................................ 214

Figure 64: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2030........................................................ 216

Figure 65. Applications of graphene in transistors and integrated circuits................................................... 220

Figure 66: Graphene IC in wafer tester......................................................................................................... 221

Figure 67: A monolayer WS2-based flexible transistor array....................................................................... 221

Figure 68: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2030.................................... 226

Figure 69. Applications of graphene in memory devices.............................................................................. 230

Figure 70: Graphene oxide-based RRAm device on a flexible substrate..................................................... 231

Figure 71: Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random access memory (RRAM)......................................................................................................................... 232

Figure 72: Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2030............................................................... 234

Figure 73. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors............................................................................... 237

Figure 74: Skeleton Technologies ultracapacitor.......................................................................................... 238

Figure 75: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor.......................................................................................... 240

Figure 76: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030...................................................... 243




Figure 77. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics................................................................................... 247

Figure 78: Solar cell with nanowires and graphene electrode...................................................................... 248

Figure 79: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030.......................................................... 251

Figure 80. Applications of graphene in fuel cells.......................................................................................... 255

Figure 81: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 258

Figure 82. Applications of graphene in lighting............................................................................................. 261

Figure 83: Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2030.............................................................................. 264

Figure 84. Applications of graphene in oil and gas....................................................................................... 268

Figure 85: Schematic of boron doped graphene for application in gas sensors.......................................... 270

Figure 86: Directa Plus Grafysorber.............................................................................................................. 272

Figure 87: Nanometer-scale pores in single-layer freestanding graphene membrane can effectively filter NaCl salt from water......................................................................................................................................... 273

Figure 88: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 275

Figure 89. Applications of graphene in filtration............................................................................................ 281

Figure 90: Graphene filtration membrane..................................................................................................... 282

Figure 91: Degradation of organic dye molecules by graphene hybrid composite photocatalysts.............. 283

Figure 92: Graphene anti-smog mask........................................................................................................... 283

Figure 93: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030................................................................... 285

Figure 94. Applications of graphene in life sciences and medicine.............................................................. 293

Figure 95: Graphene-Oxide based chip prototypes for biopsy-free early cancer diagnosis........................ 298

Figure 96: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor............................................................................................. 303

Figure 97: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $..... 306

Figure 98: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $..... 306

Figure 99: Potential addressable market for graphene-enabled applications in the biomedical and healthcare market..................................................................................................................................................... 309




Figure 100: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030..................................... 310

Figure 101. Applications of graphene in lubricants....................................................................................... 313

Figure 102: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 317

Figure 103. Applications of graphene in rubber and tires............................................................................. 320

Figure 104: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030.................................................... 322

Figure 105. Applications of graphene in sensors.......................................................................................... 326

Figure 106: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 333

Figure 107. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel............................................................. 340

Figure 108: Colmar graphene ski jacket....................................................................................................... 342

Figure 109: Conductive yarns........................................................................................................................ 343

Figure 110: Graphene-enhanced ski garments............................................................................................. 344

Figure 111: Inov-8 graphene shoes.............................................................................................................. 344

Figure 112: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030.................................................................. 347

Figure 113. Applications of graphene in construction................................................................................... 352

Figure 114: Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2030.......................................................... 353

Figure 115. Applications of graphene in 3D printing..................................................................................... 357

Figure 116: Hybrid graphene phototransistors.............................................................................................. 360

Figure 117: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors............................................ 360

Figure 118: Flexible PEN coated with graphene and a QD thin film (20nm) is highly visibly transparent and photosensitive......................................................................................................................................... 361

Figure 119: Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2030........................................................................ 363

Figure 120: Graphene flake products............................................................................................................ 381

Figure 121: Prototype of Graphene-integrated UF filter cartridge................................................................ 478

Figure 123: Schematic of 2-D materials........................................................................................................ 497




Figure 124: Borophene schematic................................................................................................................ 499

Figure 125: Black phosphorus structure....................................................................................................... 500

Figure 126: Black Phosphorus crystal........................................................................................................... 501

Figure 127: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.......................................................................................................................................... 503

Figure 128: Graphitic carbon nitride.............................................................................................................. 506

Figure 129: Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology.................................................................. 506

Figure 130: Schematic of germanene........................................................................................................... 508

Figure 131: Graphdiyne structure.................................................................................................................. 510

Figure 132: Schematic of Graphane crystal.................................................................................................. 512

Figure 133: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.......................................................................................... 514

Figure 134: BN nanosheet textiles application.............................................................................................. 516

Figure 135: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide....................................................................................... 517

Figure 136: SEM image of MoS2................................................................................................................... 518

Figure 137: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor......................... 519

Figure 138: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.................................................................................................................. 520

Figure 139: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide......................................................................... 521

Figure 140: Silicene structure........................................................................................................................ 523

Figure 141: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.......................................................................... 523

Figure 142: Silicene transistor....................................................................................................................... 524

Figure 143: Crystal structure for stanene...................................................................................................... 526

Figure 144: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)..................................................... 526

Figure 145: Schematic of tungsten diselenide.............................................................................................. 527

Figure 146: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe)........................................................................................ 530

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