Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Global Study on Child Poverty and Disparity
Influencing Policy
First National Symposium on Child Poverty in Yemen
24 - 25 November 2008
Alberto Minujin The New School University, New York [email protected]
Kurukulasuriya Sharmila [[email protected]]
The objective of the child poverty study
• What do we want to do?
• Aim to influence local, national and global policy processes in order that
– decision-making and planning processes, and
– policy dialogue and debates
– at the relevant national, regional, international levels
• are oriented towards the reduction of child poverty and the realization of children’s and women’s rights
Generate new country level evidence Strengthen partnerships, networks Mobilise national interest in child poverty work Focus on children left behind Target key decision makers ADVOCATE FOR POLICY CHANGE
Value-added
THE GLOBAL STUDY:Translating evidence-based analysis and
partnerships into results for children
What is evidence-based advocacy?
• Three strands of work
• Evidence
• Analysis
• Advocacy
• Enrich, expand, analyze available information (quantitative qualitative and other),
• Relate evidence to existing policy & law, conduct analyses on children’s and women’s rights, arrive at policy positions and options
• Based on evidence & analysis, contribute to development planning and policy debates, influence national / global policy agendas
Launch of the Global Study Launched in September 2007– initial results received in June Child poverty from two perspectives: outcomes
and policy with a focus on children left behind National ownership and Independence in
Analysis Linking people with complementary expertise
and shared interests and goals
National, Regional and Global Analyses
A New Initiative
Child Poverty Network
Who stands behind the work….
45 Participating Countries with a network of over 600 members:Government Ministries - National Statistics Offices - AcademiaThink tanks – NGOs - UN Agencies - UNICEF
Measuring Child Poverty
Continuum of Deprivation and Child Poverty
No Deprivation Extreme Deprivation
Mild Moderate Severe
E. g. : Children who have never been to school Children in dwellings with more than five people per room Children whose heights and weights are 3 SD below the norm
Thresholds• Severe nutrition deprivation: children whose heights and weights for their
age were more than -3 standard deviations below the median of the international reference population i.e. severe anthropometric failure.
• Severe water deprivation - children who only had access to surface water (e.g. rivers) for drinking or who lived in households where the nearest source of water was more than 30 minutes away (e.g. indicators of severe deprivation of water quality or quantity).
• Severe deprivation of sanitation facilities – children who had no access to a toilet of any kind in the vicinity of their dwelling, e.g. no private or communal toilets or latrines.
• Severe health deprivation – children who had not been immunised against any diseases or young children who had a recent illness involving diarrhoea and had not received any medical advice or treatment.
• Severe shelter deprivation – children in dwellings with more than five people per room (severe overcrowding) or with no flooring material (e.g. a mud floor).
• Severe education deprivation – children aged between 7 and 18 who had never been to school and were not currently attending school (e.g. no professional education of any kind).
• Severe information deprivation – children aged between 3 and 18 with no access to, radio, television, telephone or newspapers at home.
Child poverty by region circa 2000
56
313032
61
8182
0
20
40
60
80
100
World Sub-SaharanAfrica
S. Asia M. East &N. Africa
LatinAmerica &
C.
E. Asia &Pacific
CentralAsia
%
• Estimate of child poverty using direct method of social deprivation consistent with human rights approach
• Measurement of poverty using direct method helps to focus interventions
Child poverty by type of deprivation, MENA circa 2000
21 21
1416
7
47
25
0
20
40
60
Wate
r
Toilet
Shelte
r
Info
rmat
ion
Health
Nutritio
n
Educatio
n
%
Child poverty by country, MENA circa 2000
48
86
96
63
26
0
20
40
60
80
100
Egypt Iraq Morocco Sudan Yemen
%
Note: Iraq data for 2000
Child poverty in MENA circa 2000
0
25
50
75
100
Egypt
Iraq
Moro
cco
Sudan
Yemen
Educa
tion
Nutrit
ionHea
lth
Info
rmat
ionToile
tWat
erShelte
r
Education Nutrition Health Information Toilet Water Shelter
Note: Iraq data for 2000
Income poverty (2us$) underestimates child poverty circa 2000
43.9
14.3
45.2
64
87
57
0
20
40
60
80
100
Egypt
Moro
cco
Yemen
%Child poverty
2 U$ a day
Sources: Gordon et al, Child poverty in the Developing WorldWorld Bank, World Development Indicators
Social Justice Childrights
Policy analysis framework
Breaking the poverty cycleEstimating and analyzing child poverty Poverty Reduction Starts with Children
Making poverty reduction sustainableDisparity Matters
Ensuring resources and transparencyBudget Initiatives
Policy issues and interventions
Basic Social Services& Social Protection
Child and family protectionLegislative and Institutional reform
What can be done?
• Evidence and Analysis
Estimate child poverty and deprivation
Estimate child disparities by wealth, gender, regions, ethnic group
Use MICS, DHS & othersse MICS, DHS & others
Analyze characteristics and causes of child poverty
Qualitative methods /participatory app.ualitative methods /participatory app.
What can be done?
• Advocacy and Communication
Child situation brief
Regional / national state of children
Partnership with universities /
research centers/religious groups
What can be done?
• Policy
Use evidence, analysis, advocacy and partnerships to leverage policies and resources for children’s and women’s rights
Map, analyze and monitor policies
Conclusions
• Measuring child poverty allows us to make inferences about policy issues
• It is possible to complement the deprivation measurement of child poverty with an income-based measurement and other approaches
• We can influence the nature of policy dialogue
