The Future of Jet Engine

7/25/2019 The Future of Jet Engine

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M.J. Benzakein

GE Aircraf t EnginesCinci nnati, OH, USA

The Future

of the

Jet Engine


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GE Aircraf t Engines

AT 030905/2 25-May-06

100 Years of Propulsion Innovation

Specif ications

Thrust Class (lb) 115,300

Length (in) 218

Bypass Ratio 7.1

Pressure Ratio 42.2

Engin e Specif ications

Bore: 4 inches

Stroke: 4 inches

Displacement: 201 cubic inches

Compression Ration: 4.7:1

Horsepower: 25 hp

Cooling: Liquid Circulated by thermosiphon and radiator

Lubrication: Splash system, circulation by pump and gravity

Dry Weight: 180 pounds

GE90-115B


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AT 030905/3 25-May-06

Propulsion Driving Industry Advances

PW4098

PW4084

JT8D-217

JT8D-9

JT3D-1

JT9D-7R4G2

JT9D-3A

JT9D-7A

PW4056PW2037

V2500 A1

PW4168

CJ805

CF6-6D

CFM56-2

CFM56-5A

GE90-85B

CF6-80A

CFM56-5C4CF6-80C2-B6F

CF6-80E1-A2

RB-211-535E4

TRENT 895

RB-211-524D

TAY 620

BR 715

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Certification Date

SFC

35K/0.8

MnU

ninstalled

0.90

0.80

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

JT3C

Low Bypass

Turbofan

2ndGen High By pass

Turbofan

High Bypass

Turbofan

Turbojet

GE90-115B


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AT 030905/4 25-May-06

Noise Reduction Advancements

120

110

100

90

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

707-100

DC-9-10

737-200

727-200

747-200

DC-10-30

A310

737-300

737-200 A321

747-400 A330

Noise

Level,

EPNdB

(1500-ft.

sidelines)

Turbojet

First Generation

Turbofan

Second Generation

Turbofan

Normalized to 100,000-lb. thrust

Noise levels are for airplane/engineconfigurations at time of initial service

Year of Initial Service


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AT 030905/5 25-May-06

1981 standard

ICAO NOx Standards

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Engine pressure ratio

NOX

CAEP/4 - 2004

CAEP/2 - 1996Trend

Current GE Engines

Emissions

Emission s Stringency Increasing


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AT 030905/6 25-May-06

21stCentury Vehicle Systems

Regional 100-150 pax 250+ pax Global Reach

Transport

SupersonicBisJet

SupersonicTransport

Long RangeStrike Air craft

Overland Capable, Environmentally Friendly, Supersonic

Commercial Transport / Military Strike

Safe, Environmentally Friendly, Longer Range

Commercial and Military Transportation


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AT 030905/7 25-May-06

V-22 Osprey High L ift Vehicle

Predator Sensorcraft

Uninhabited Air Vehicles

Apache

Heavy-Lift Runway-Independent Aircraft21stCentury Vehicle Systems


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AT 030905/8 25-May-06

21stCentury Vehicle Systems

Safe, Low-Cost Access-to-Space Vehicles / Spaceplane


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AT 030905/9 25-May-06

CustomerSatisfact ion

Low Cost of

Ownership

Low Emiss ions

Performance

Rel iabi l i ty

Low Noise

Simpl ic i ty


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AT 030905/10 25-May-06

GENY The Next StepGoals

CO2

Ultra Clean: NOX

and CO2

20% reduction in engine CO2(fuel burn) relative to current(GE90) technology

85% reduction relative to1996 ICAO

Ultra Intell igent

50% reduction in enginein-flight failures

50% reduction in delaysand cancellations

On-condition maintenance

Ultra Quiet

55% Reduction innoise relative totodays aircraft

33 EPNdB belowStage 3

21stCentury Aeropropuls ion Preem inence


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AT 030905/11 25-May-06

GENY Technologies

Fluidics for

Noise Reductionand High

Stage Loading CeramicMatrix Composite

Liners, Blades,

& Vanes

Counterrotating

Vaneless

LPT

HighPressure Ratio

Compressor

ActiveCombustor

Controls forUltra-LowEmissions

Hybrid/Ceramic

Bearings

NanoMaterial

Blade/Structure

Technology

AdvancedComposite Fan

Intelligent

Engine Controls

and Adv. Sensors

Hi Temp.Rotor Materials

Techno logy to Revolut ionize the State of the Art


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AT 030905/12 25-May-06

Nano-Phase Aluminum Blades and Vanes

0

40

80

120

0 100 200 300 400

Temperature (F)

Yie

ld

Strength(ksi)

Convent ional

7xxx Al loys

Nano-AlGoals

Improved Strength and Fat igue Capabi l i ty Using Advanced Al Al loy s

200nm

20 nm


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!Leading Cause of Bearing Failures Due to Hard Particle Contamination

!Nitriding Significantly Increases the Surface Hardness

Nitr ided Surface

70 HRC

60 HRC

Microhardness

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

6869

70

71

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

distance from edge (mils)

HRC

Base Hardness

Nitrided Case

Nitrided Bearing Material Technology


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AT 030905/15 25-May-06

Airfoil Materials Trendline

Temp.

Capability,

F

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Introduction Date, NPI TG6

50

100

150

200

250

300

N4N5

N6

MX4

N5/Baseline TBC

N5/TBC-1

N6/TBC-1.5

MX4/TBC-2

CMC Vane &

Coating System

N6/TBC-1

MX4/TBC-1.5

Advanc

edAllo

y

Advanced

The

rmal

Barrie

rCoating

Gen I

Gen II

Gen III

Nb-Si &CoatingSystem

Turbine A ir fo i l Mater ial Advancements Pushing the Envelope


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AT 030905/16 25-May-06

Chevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron Nozzle

Chevron Nozzle Techno logy Development

Fligh t Tested on Bombardier CRJ700Product ion Nozzle on CRJ900


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AT 030905/17 25-May-06

Improved Emis sio ns /Operabil i ty/Reliabi l i ty

NOx Reduction

Lean Blowout Detection & Avoidance

Low NOx Production

MicroelectromechanicalLocal Flow Control

Goal: Levels 85% Below CAEP 2


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AT 030905/18 25-May-06

Revo lut ionary Impro vement in Rel iabi l i ty

MissionOptimization

ServiceOptimization

Fault Detection&

Accommodation

Adjust OperationDetect and Isolate Predict Service Need

Intelligent Engine


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AT 030905/19 25-May-06

Improved Thrust-to-Weight and Reduced EngineEnvelope

Lowered Acquisition Cost

Reduced Fuel Burn

Smaller Spot Factor

Reduced Vulnerability

Engine Techno logy Imp rovements

Reduced Volume

Reduced Weight

Improved Fuel Consumption

Reduced Cost

Improved Thrust-to-Weight

Aircraf t

Benefi ts

Relative Engine Size At Equal Thrust

Year 1960 1980 2000 2020

Technology J79 F404 F414/F120 VAATE

Thrust-to-Weight 4.5 7 9 20


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Payoffs

Highly Integrated Engine/Airframe Fixed/Simpler Inlets/Nozzles

Extended Range

Significantly Improved Survivability

Low Community Noise Improved Durability Turbines,

Exhaust System

Adaptive Cycle Engine

Features

Versatile Core with Core Drive Fan Lower Low Spool Temperatures

Fixed Nozzle Capability

FLADE Inlet flow control (simpler/lighter inlets)

Improved installed SFC Smaller diameter / reduced drag

Nozzle cooling

Multiple Nozzle Configuration Capability


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AT 030905/21 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic

Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision

Compress ionHigh Stage Loading

Flow Controlled Airfoils

Core Drive FansPassive & Active Stability

Composite High Speed Airfoils

Blisks


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AT 030905/22 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans

Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils

Blisks

Combust ionLow Emission Research

High Mach CombustionHigh Heat Sink Fuels

Coke Barrier Coatings

Active Combustion Control


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AT 030905/23 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans


Blisks

TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks

Advanced CoolingWake/Shock Management

Clearance Management

Highly Loaded Aerodynamics


High Mach Combustion

High Heat Sink Fuels




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AT 030905/24 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans


Blisks


Advanced Cooling

Wake/Shock Management








Mechanical Components

High DN BearingsMagnetic Bearings

Air-Oil Brush Seals


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AT 030905/25 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans


Blisks


Advanced Cooling









Mechanical ComponentsHigh DN Bearings

Magnetic Bearings

Air-Oil Brush Seals

MaterialsHigh Temp. Ni Alloys

CMCs

PMCsNano Structures

Smart Materials & Structures

Advanced NDE

Accelerated Implementation Methods


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AT 030905/26 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans


Blisks


Advanced Cooling










Magnetic Bearings

Air-Oil Brush Seals


CMCs

PMCs

Nano StructuresSmart Materials & Structures

Advanced NDE

Accelerated Implementation

Methods

In let / Nacelle/ NozzleLight Weight Structures

Integrated Airframe/Engine StructuresTiAl Structures

Fluidic Mixing

Fluidic Vectoring


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AT 030905/27 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans


Blisks


Advanced Cooling










Magnetic Bearings

Air-Oil Brush Seals

Inlet / Nacelle/ NozzleLight Weight Structures

Integrated Airframe/Engine Structures

TiAl Structures

Fluidic Mixing

Fluidic Vectoring


CMCs

PMCs


Advanced NDE


Methods

Contro lsIntelligent Controls

Distributed Control SystemPrognostic Sensors

MEMS

Wireless Communications


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AT 030905/28 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans


Blisks


Advanced Cooling









ControlsIntelligent Controls

Distributed Control System

Prognostic Sensors

MEMS



Magnetic Bearings

Air-Oil Brush Seals



TiAl Structures

Fluidic Mixing

Fluidic Vectoring


CMCs

PMCs


Advanced NDE


Methods

Model ingPhysics-based Tools

Time Unsteady Aero

Aeromechanics

CFD Design ToolsCombustor Codes

Digital Engine Model

Noise Prediction ToolsManufacturing Modeling


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AT 030905/29 25-May-06

Space

Hypersonic

SubsonicSupersonic




Core Drive Fans


Blisks


Advanced Cooling









ControlsIntelligent Controls

Distributed Control System

Prognostic Sensors

MEMS



Magnetic Bearings

Air-Oil Brush Seals



TiAl Structures

Fluidic Mixing

Fluidic Vectoring


CMCs

PMCs


Advanced NDE


Methods

Model ing

Physics-based ToolsTime Unsteady Aero

Aeromechanics

CFD Design Tools

Combustor Codes

Digital Engine Model

Noise Prediction Tools

Manufacturing Modeling


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AT 030905/30 25-May-06

Propulsion Vision for the 21st

Century

Key to Success is Strong Cooperat ion Between

Academia, Indus try, and Governm ent Agenc ies

Academia

Government

Industry

L O C K H E E D M A R T I NL O C K H E E D M A R T I NL O C K H E E D M A R T I NL O C K H E E D M A R T I N


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Summary

U.S. Aerospace industry provides export leadership .

Propulsion key contributor to aerospace superiority.

Propulsion is a technology driven business

Great advances have been made

Lots of challenges and opportunities ahead

Great payoffs in the commercial and military fields

Propulsion requires aggressive short- and long-range

technology development

A strong Federal Labs /Industry/Academic WorldPartnership is key to maintaining U.S. leadership inAeronautics .

Documents

The Future of Jet Engine