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The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•At the beginning of the war• Lincoln quick military
action to show the folly to the south of Succession
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Bull Run (First Battle at Manassas) 90 day war•Victory would show the
superiority of the Union
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•And the capturing of the confederate capital of Richmond
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Spectators lined the route to the battle•North was confident of a
victory
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Stonewall Jackson held the union at bay• Reinforcement from the south
allowed Jackson and the south drive out the union forces
Stonewall Jackson
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• South victory caused volunteers to decline • It also proved to the north
that this was not going to be a short war
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• In 1861 General George B McClellan was given command of Army of Potomac
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•He planned a waterborne attack (Pensacola Campaign)• In 1862 McClellan captured
Yorktown
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Came within sight of Richmond and attacked Jackson’s army • Lee launched a counter
attack
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Became the Seven Days Battle June 26 to July 2 1862 drove the union forces back to the sea
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Two more factors the resulted from the Peninsula campaign
1. Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•2. Union turned to a total war strategy
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Union strategy became•1. Slowly suffocated the
South by blockading its coasts
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• 2. Liberate the slaves and undermine the economic foundation of the south• 3. Cut the Confederacy in half
by seizing control of the Mississippi River
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•4. Dismember the Confederacy by sending troops through Georgia, and Carolinas
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•5. Capture Richmond •6. Try everywhere to
engage the enemies strength and grind it inot submission
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Northern Blockade focused on principal ports
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• In order to combat blockade ships were built to run blockade
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• First were fast ships that out ran blockade•Confederates then built the
Merrimac (Virginia)
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Wooden ship covered with metal plates• The Merrimac became the
biggest threat to the blockade
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Crash through wooden ships•March 9 1862 Monitor
(Union ironclad ship)
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Met and battle became a standstill • However the fear of the
Peninsula campaign the Confederates destroyed the Merrimac
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• On land Lee has crushed McClellan's forces at Richmond Lee moved Northward• Second Bull Run August 29-30
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Second Battle of Bull Run August 29-30 1862• Lee defeated General
Popes’ forces
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•After the victory at Second Bull Run Lee decided to invade the Union in Maryland
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lee’s objective was to inspire the border states to rise up against the the north and join the COnfederacy
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•As Lee moved into Maryland he met McClellan's forces at Antietam
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• September 17, 1862 •McClellan stopped Lee
forces after finding the battle plans of Lee
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•McClellan constantly refused to attack was insubordinate to Lincoln was finally dismissed by Lincon
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The victory or stalemate at Antietam gave Lincoln the backing to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln now made an added incentive to win the war a moral cause• It also was the pivotal point
or battle that convinced
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• England and France would stay out of the war and strengthen the diplomatic position of the US to Europe
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The Emancipation Proclamation did nothing to free the slaves (it only freed slaves that were in rebellion against the US)• It was not enforced
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln feared that if enforced border states would secede• It also destroyed any chance of
a negotiated settlement to end war
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Blacks now were able to enlist in the Union Army
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The Confederacy did not enlists slaves until one month before the war ended
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lee and Gettysburg •New commander of Union
was General Burnside
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Before Gettysburg Confederacy had routed Burnside at Fredericksburg •He was replaced General
Hooker
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Hooker was defeated by Lee forces at Chancellorsville• At Chancellorsville Stonewall
Jackson was shot and mortally wounded
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Tremendous loss to Lee and South•Gettysburg became the
final charge by Lee
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The armies met at Gettysburg July 1-3 • Series of Battles with the
decisive battle on July 3 Pickett’s Charge was repelled
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•After defeat of Confederate army at Gettysburg all hope for a Confederate victory were gone
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The War in West•Vicksburg fell July 4 1863•Grant was in charge at
Vicksburg
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The importance of Vicksburg•Opened Mississippi river to
Northern trade
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•No foreign help from Europe•Quell peace agitation•Cut off supply of cattle and
other goods
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• From Texas and Louisiana
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Grant defeated South at Chattanooga and Tennessee was clear of Confederates
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Sherman's march on South•Captured Atlanta •Main reasons for march
through south
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Destroy supply lines of South by destroying transportation system•Destroy morale of south by
destroying homes
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Captured Savannah Ga.• And South Carolina by end of
1864• Despite the charge and carnage
lives were saved by shortening of war
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Critics of Lincoln in own party• Led by Secretary of
Treasury Salmon Chase
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-186
• Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War• Radical Republicans resented
the expansion of presidential power during war time
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•And were pressing Lincoln on quicker emancipation
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Peace Democrats after Stephen Douglas death Democrats were split • Peace democrats were not
supportive of Lincoln and most dangerous to the union
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Copperheads radical peace Democrats•Republicans joined Pro war
democrats and formed union party
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Election of 1864• Fearing defeat Republicans
joined War Democrats to form Union party
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•VP Andrew Johnson was chosen as a running mate for Lincoln (War Democrat)•Democrats selected and
Copperheads chose
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•George B McClellan • Lincoln’s reelection was
the final blow to the South• They believed that if
Lincoln was defeated
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The south may have had a chance for victory• For Lincolns chances of
winning the capture of Atlanta and Mobile Ala. were critical
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Grant is put in place as commandeer of Union troops to begin final assult on South
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Grant engaged in a series of Battles (Wilderness Campaign)•Grant ordered a frontal
assault on Cold Harbor
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Grant was willing to accept 2 union lives for every Confederate loss•Grant’s had more weapons
at his disposal and held on
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•He then went on to capture Richmond •All was lost• Lee surrendered to Grant
at Appomatax
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Effetely ending the Civil War
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln Assassination•Many enemies •Not only conspiracy to
assassinate President
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•But Secretary of War•And Vice President Johnson
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln went to Ford’s theater Ulysses S Grant was invited but declined•As the play progressed
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• John Wilkes Booth snuck up the theater•He had performed there
many times as an actor
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Snuck up behind the president fired a single shot into the president’s head
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•At the same time another assassin attacked the Secretary of war stabbed him but the wounds were not fatal
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
•Andrew Johnson assassin got drunk and chickened out
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865