The French Revolution

A revolution for Liberté, égalité, fraternité and bread.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

The Monarchs Lifestyle

Spending too much No strong leadership A weak government Distant from the peoples reality Bad decisions

CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

The Economy

War debt 7 years war 30 years war American revolution


Old taxation system3 states

First state: Church No taxes

Second State: Nobles No taxes

Third State: Everybody else lots of taxes


Climate

Dry season 4 years

Volcanic activity Iceland

1783 - 84

High prices of bread Hunger


Enlightment ideas

Journalists Horrible stories on the royal family playing with the public opinion

change in society the burgoise ascend

treated like everybody else


Life conditions

Peasants Still in feudal era

City people Heavily taxated No privileges Disgusting city health


Ancien Regime Medieval division of society

Absolutist monarchy The king is appointed by god

STEPS IN TO THE REVOLUTION

Economic trouble

Treasure ministers

Jacques Necker Taxes on the first and second state Dismissed

Charles Alexandre de Calonne At first, on the king’s side Eventually said the same as necker

Taxes on the land of the First and second State

Assembly of notables Fail


Estates General 1789 It had not been summoned since 1614

a weak king Medieval way

Every state gets a vote

The third state rebels

They start creating a constitution

(the very beginning of the French Revolution?) The tennis court oath


The fall of the BastillePeople are angry and scared in Paris

They are storing guns, ammo and gun powderA mob storms in to the bastille

They were looking for guns They kill everybody who worked there They free the prisoners


The Great Fear Peasants are angry and scared They become outlaws

Refuse to pay taxes Starting killing everybody


The Women MarchA mob of women invades Versaille

They want bread At first they blame the States General Then, the queen

They women break into the palace and kill some guards They demand the King and queen to live the palace and go live in Paris

It was the last time they saw Versaille


The National Assembly Reforms FranceThe nobles are scared of the third state

Some of them decide to pleige loyalty to the revolution

In August 4, 1789 The National Assembly bans the feudal, the first and the second state privileges

The Revolution Is On!


The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights”

Rights included: Liberty, Property, security and resistance to opression Equal justice, freedom of speech and freedom of religion

Influence of de declaration of independence of the United States!

Liberté, Égalité, fraternité!

For everyone?Women don’t have the same rightsOlympe Gouges

THE REVOLUTION IS ON!

A state Controlled ChurchThe assembly took over church landsChurch officials and priests should be elected and paid by the state The money from thechurch lands helped pay France’s debt Many peasants started to oppose the assembly’s reforms


The king and queen try to scapeThey are headed to austrian border

The queens brother awaits them The king is disguised as a woman

They are caught in the borderFor the crime of trying to flee france, they are convicted for treason

Their destiny is sealed


Great changes in France’s GovernmentThe national assembly creates

A constitutional monarchy A Legislative assembly

Had the power to create laws and approve or reject declarations of war


National assembly splits Due to many ideological diferences

Left Jacobins More radicals Against monarchy

Center Moderates

Rights Girondines Retrogrades Limited monarchy

Sans-culottes Very radicals Did not have space in the national assembly Workers of Paris


France is at war Austria and prussia fear the revolution They demand that the crown is returned to king Louis XVI France declares war

The beggininng of the war France is not doing so good Prussian army was right outside paris

And threatened to destroy the city if somethings happened to the royal family Parisians got enraged

august 10 They invaded the tuileries palace killed theroyal guards and imprisoned the royal family

WAR AND TERROR

The September Massacres There was a rumor that the king allies would free the prisoners of the parisian prisons

So they could kill everybody

So in early september parisias raided the prisons and killed over 1,000 prisoners Not only them

Nobles, priests and royalists sympathizers

WAR AND TERROR

France is no longer a monarchy The presure of the Sans-culottes Declares the king deposed And calls for new elections

Adult male citizens could vote and be voted

The national convention is created

1792

WAR AND TERROR

Jacobins take control Marat The newspaper – Friend of the people

A very radical newspaper Death penalty to the suporters of the king

Charlotte Corday His assassin

His death triggered the terror period

WAR AND TERROR

Danton An ugly man A lawyer Devoted to the poorest

Robespierre The Republic of Virtue A scholars

Enlightment A Radical man

WAR AND TERROR

The king’s execution The National Convention reduced Louis XVI from a king to a

common citizen and prisoner Louis was tried for treason And beheaded in the guillotine

WAR AND TERROR

War continues France was winning stunning victories against Austria and prussia

Napoleon! But them holland, Great Britain and Spain entered the war The convention took a extreme measure

They ordered a draft of 300,000 citizens

On ages between 18 and 40 Even women! They now had ab army of 800,000

WAR AND TERROR

The death of the Queen No time to prepare for the trial

Less them one day Acused mostly of lies

most, if not all, of the accusations were untrue and probably lifted from rumours begun by libelles

WAR AND TERROR

The jacobins take control A lot of enemies

Peasants that were against the beaheading of the king Priests And other political groups

Terror comes Robespierre 40,000 people were sentenced to death is this period Over 85% were peasants or poor people

WAR AND TERROR

Robespierre assumes control 1793 The Republic of Virtue

Changed the callendar Reason 12 months with 30 days No sundays!

Religion is bad for you

Closed churches Measuring system

Leader of the Comitee of Public Safety

Ruled France as a dictator His task was to protect the revolution from its enemies

Guillotine! A conection between virtue and terror

WAR AND TERROR

Robespierre assumes control Most of this enemies of the revolution were felow radicals

who challenged his leadership Between 1793 and 1794 many of those who led the revolution were beaheded

Their crime was to be considered less radical them Robespierre

The beaheading of Danton 1794 Danton whrote newspapers against the guillotine Faced trial for treason

His friends were afraid to defend him But he defended himself so skillfully that at some point he was prohibited to speak

WAR AND TERROR

The end of the Terror July 1794 The menbers of the National Convention turned on

Robespierre They fearred his radicalism He was beheaded

WAR AND TERROR

The End of the terror Life was hard in the terror Period

Skyrocketing prices of Bread and salt People suported the end of the terror

The National Convention changes hands

1795 A new plan for government

The third one Placed power in the hands of the borgoise

Two house legislative And na executive body of five men

The directory All moderate

A period of order A general Cammand for France’s Armies

Napoleon Bonaparte!

WAR AND TERROR

Documents

The French Revolution